Sponges

1
Sponges

• Ryan Baker, Markesh Patel
• P.3

http//www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Porifera/Pori
fera.htm
2
PHYLUM

• Porifera

Ryan Baker
3
EXAMPLES
Azure vase sponge (Callyspongia plicifera)
http//reefguide.org/pixhtml/azurevase2.html
Ryan Baker
4
EXAMPLES
Variable Boring Sponge (Siphonodictyon
coralliphagum)
http//reefguide.org/pixhtml/variableboring3.html
Ryan Baker
5
EXAMPLES
Strawberry Vase Sponge (Mycale laxissima)
http//reefguide.org/pixhtml/azurevase2.html
Ryan Baker
6
BODY CAVITY

• Present
• Spongocoel
• Water passesthrough pores(porocytes)and into
  thespongocoel

http//wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_7/26/6664/17
06153.cw/index.html
7
FLOW OF WATER
3) and out through the osculum (connects
spongocel to the environment)
2) into the spongocel
1) Water flows through the porocytes
http//wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_7/26/6664/17
06153.cw/index.html
8
BODY SYMMETRY

• NONE

Radial
or

• Most sponges are asymmetrical
• However, some may exhibit radial symmetry

9
NERVOUS SYSTEM
NONE

• No nerve or sensory cells (only multicellular
  animal)
• However touch/pressure can cause body contraction

10
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

• No true circulatory system, just water flow
  amoebocytes

• Amoebocytes transport nutrients to other cells

http//wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_7/26/6664/17
06153.cw/index.html
11
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• Choanocytes (collar cells) create a water current
  with flagella to trap food particles and ingest
  with phagocytosis.
• Amoebocytes digest and transport nutrients.

http//wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_7/26/6664/17
06153.cw/index.html
12
Excretory System

• None

13
Locomotion/Musculature

• -Sessile
• -Sponge larvae use tiny hair structures called
  cilia to swim until they attach to a surface.
  (few days)

http//www.biology.ualberta.ca/CMD/Pics/LeysLarva.
jpg
14
Skeletal Type

• The Body of a Sponge contains 2 layers of cells
• Mesohyl A gelatinous part between the layers of
  cells contains
• Amoebocytes-carry nutrients to cell/manufacture
  skeletal fibers
• 1 Spicules made from calcium carbonate/silcia
• 2 Spongin more flexible

http//www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/211L/Porif/
20Porifindx.htm
15
Sensory Structures/Features

• None/VERY simple
• They may close their ostia if there is too much
  matter in the water or if it has been touched.

16
Reproduction

• All Sponges are Hermaphrodites male/female and
  sperm/egg
• Gametes come from choanocytes and amoebocytes.
  Zygote develops in mesohyl
• Zygote becomes larvae
• Cross Fertilization
• Asexual reproduction via Gemmules

17
Gas Exchange

• Water flow allows for the sponges to obtain
  oxygen and remove waste.
• They exchange gases mainly by diffusion. (Most
  efficient way, because they have a large surface
  area)

18
Other Unique Features

• Sponges are known to grow back lost body parts.
• All sponges are aquatic.
• Collar cells called choanocytes are only found in
  these kinds of animals.
• They are the only animal to use silicon as a
  support structure.
• They are suspension feeders, meaning they capture
  small food particles suspended in the water.

19
Question 1

• Porifera are the only phylum that do not
• have a(n)
• a) Digestive systemb) Nervous system
• c) Skeletal system
• d) Circulatory system

20
Question 1

• Porifera are the only phylum that do not
• have a(n)
• a) Digestive systemb) Nervous system
• c) Skeletal system
• d) Circulatory system

21
Question 2

• Which of these systems DO Porifera truly have?
• a) Excretory systemb) Nervous system
• c) Skeletal system
• d) Circulatory system

22
Question 2

• Which of these systems DO Porifera truly have?
• a) Excretory systemb) Nervous system
• c) Skeletal system
• d) Circulatory system

23
Question 3

• Identify the structure in the picture
• a) Spongocoelb) Amoebocyte
• c) Porocyte
• d) Osculum

24
Question 3

• Identify the structure in the picture
• a) Spongocoelb) Amoebocyte
• c) Porocyte
• d) Osculum

25
Question 4

• Identify the structure in the picture
• a) Spongocoelb) Amoebocyte
• c) Porocyte
• d) Osculum

26
Question 4

• Identify the structure in the picture
• a) Spongocoelb) Amoebocyte
• c) Porocyte
• d) Osculum