OPPORTUNITIES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

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OPPORTUNITIESIN BIOTECHNOLOGY

• Bioentrepreneurship
• and
• Job opportunities in Biotechnology
• By Dr.R.JAGANNATHAN

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PRESENT SCENARIO

• The Indian Biotech industry has acquired
  considerable clout in the international arena.
  There are many Trans National Corporations which
  are now interested in locating their facilities
  in India. This has spurred many Indian National
  and Multi National Companies to expand their
  activities in the Biotech Sector. There are large
  corporations producing Enzymes, Vaccines and
  Biopharmaceuticals in India.

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OPPORTUNITIES

• Several assignments have been given from abroad
  as outsourced projects. This have come in the
  segment of R D where global entities are
  utilizing the talent pool of Indian Science
  located in corporate houses and in Government
  funded institutes.

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NATIONAL APPROACH

• It is clear with the National Biotech Development
  Strategy of the Department of Biotechnology that
  massive growth for the Biotech industry in India
  is imminent. An ambitious target of 5 bio
  revenue with a million jobs for the year 2010 is
  very much achievable.

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PRESENT IMPERATIVE

• It is essential that many capable and young
  Biotech professionals of India
• set up enterprises
• to provide jobs instead of just looking for
  jobs. It is very conceivable to make their
  investment a success, just as we are celebrating
  the amazing achievements of the entrepreneurs in
  the software sector. These entrepreneurs come
  from diverse backgrounds which is also the need
  of the hour for the Indian Biotech sector.

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INTRODUCTION OF THE SPEAKER

• Dr. R. Jagannathan
• Tel [phone]
• Email srg_at_eth.net
• M Sc. PhD BIOTECH, 25 YRS EXPERIENCE IN
  INSTITUTES BIOTECH INDUSTRY IN INDIA AND
  ABROAD (GERMANY, U.K., U.S.A. AND OTHER
  COUNTRIES)

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INTRODUCTION Dr. JAGANNATHAN

• Dr, R,Jagannathan PhD.
• DIRECTOR, BIOTECH AND HERBAL INDUSTRIES
• CONSULTANT - ADVISER, BIOTECH, SISI CHENNAI.
•   EXPERT WTO AND AGRICULTURE FOR SMALL SCALE
  INDUSTRIES (2001)
•    EXPERT BIOTECHNOLOGY OF NGO VHERDS
  (VOLUNTARY HEALTH EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
  SOCIETY) (2001 TO DATE )

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INTRODUCTION Dr. JAGANNATHAN (CONTINUED)

•         EXECUTIVE MEMBER, TASK FORCE VISION
  2020 ( PRESIDENT A.P.J.ABDUL KALAM) OF LIFE
  SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY OF DEPARTMENT OF
  SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. ALSO
  AN EXPERT ON THE SUB PANELS OF BOTH HEALTH CARE
  AND ENVIRONMENT (1995).

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INTRODUCTION Dr. JAGANNATHAN (CONTINUED)

•          MEMBER, HIGH LEVEL ADVISORY BOARD OF
  BIOTECH CONSORTIUM INDIA LIMITED CHAIRED BY
  DR.M.S.SWAMINATHAN, THE EMINENT AGRONOMIST
  (1994-1997).
•          MEMBER SELECTION COMMITTEE POST
  GRADUATE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PROGRAMME OF
  DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, GOVERNMENT OF
  INDIA(1994-1997).

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INTRODUCTION Dr. JAGANNATHAN (CONTINUED)

•         MEMBER OF BIO-DIVERSITY COMMITTEE FOR
  DEVELOPING SUI GENERIS SYSTEM FOR MINISTRY OF
  ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS, GOVERNMENT OF
  INDIA(1994).
•         MEMBER OF INDIAN DELEGATION FOR INDO-US
  COMMERCIAL ALLIANCE TO MEET HIGH LEVEL US
  PRESIDENTIAL BUSINESS DELEGATION LED BY COMMERCE
  SECRETARY MR. RONALD H, BROWN(1995).
•         MEMBER OF PROJECT APPRAISAL COMMITTEE OF
  INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BANK IN INDIA FOR LOAN
  DISBURSAL ON BIOTECH PROJECTS(1996).

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INTRODUCTION Dr. JAGANNATHAN (CONTINUED)

•          NOMINATED AS BIOGRAPHEE AND INCLUDED IN
  14TH EDITION OF MEN OF ACHIEVEMENTS PUBLISHED BY
  INTERNATIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL CENTRE, CAMBRIDGE,
  ENGLAND.
•         MEMBER EDITORIAL BOARD VATIS UPDATE
  BIOTECHNOLOGY A JOINT PUBLICATION OF ESCAP
  UNIDO AND BIOTECH CONSORTIUM INDIA LIMITED. (1995
  1997)

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INTRODUCTION Dr. JAGANNATHAN (CONTINUED)

•          EXPERT ON INDO-NETHERLANDS PROJECTS ON
  SEMI-ARID AGRICULTURE FOR MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL
  AFFAIRS, NETHERLANDS RESULTING IN INVESTMENT OF
  27 MILLION FOR THE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH,
  INDIA CHRISTENED AS AP BIOTECH PROJECT.
•         EXPERT, NATIONAL SURVEY ON
  BIOELECTRONICS AND BIOTECH INSTRUMENTATION OF
  DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS, GOVT. OF INDIA.

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• MANY THANKS TO THE ORGANISERS FOR THE
  OPPORTUNITY GIVEN.

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INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES

• ALL INVESTMENTS SUGGESTED FALL IN THE RANGE FROM
  Rs. 1 lakh to Rs 100 lakh.
• BANKABLE PROJECT REPORTS CAN BE PREPARED.
• ALL PRODUCTS WILL BE GIVEN EITHER A BUY BACK OR
  MARKETING TIE UP.
• PAY BACK PERIODS HAVE BEEN WORKED OUT WITH
  OPTIMUM INVESTMENT.
• LOANS/ VENTURE CAPITAL FROM BANKS CAN BE
  ARRANGED.

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MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY

• MANY MARINE BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES HAVE BEEN
  ISOLATED AND CHARACTERISED WITH PROMISE FOR
  TREATING HUMAN DISEASES.
• RAPID ASSAY TECHNOLOGY REQUIRING MINUTE AMOUNTS
  OF TEST SUBSTANCE IS AUTOMATED FOR TESTING
  NEWLY DEVELOPED BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS .
• LIMITED AND SPORADIC DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANISMS IN
  SEA METHODS REQUIRING FOR PRODUCING SELECTED
  METABOLITES EITHER FROM WHOLE ORGANISMS OR FROM
  CELL CULTURES.
• E.G. MANOALIDE FROM PACIFIC SPONGE AS
  ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT.

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MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY

• ENZYMES PRODUCED BY MARINE BACTERIA ARE IMPORTANT
  IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY DUE TO THEIR RANGE OF
  UNUSUAL PROPERTIES.
• SOME ARE SALT RESISTANT GIVING AN ADVANTAGE
  IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES.
• EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASE CAN BE USED IN DETERGENTS
  AND INDUSTRIAL CLEANING APPLICATIONS SUCH AS
  CLEANING OF REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANES.
• COLLAGENASE INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL
  APPLICATIONS INCLUDING DISPERSION OF CELLS IN
  TISSUE CULTURE UNITS .
• HALOPEROXIDASES ISOLATED FROM ALGAE ARE IMPORTANT
  FOR THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY.
• SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE FROM MARINE ALGAE IN JAPAN
  HAS WIDE RANGE OF MEDICAL, COSMETIC AND FOOD
  APPLICATIONS.

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BIOMOLECULAR MATERIALS

• BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS MODELED ON NATURAL
  SUBSTANCES THAT FORM THE ORGANIC MATRICES OF
  MOLLUSCAN SHELLS COMMERCIALISED BY A CHICAGO
  FIRM.
• RESEARCH ON BIOCERAMICS PROMISES TO
  REVOLUTIONALISE THE MANUFACTURE OF MEDICAL
  IMPLANTS, AUTOMOTIVE PARTS, ELECTRONIC DEVICES,
  PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND OTHER NOVEL PRODUCTS.
• BIOMATERIALS HOLD PROMISE FOR COUNTERACTING
  BIOFOULING TO AVOID TOXIC PAINTS.

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BIOFERTILISERS

• Bio fertilizers are carrier based microbial
  inoculants containing cells of efficient strains
  of microorganisms. They are used for enhancing
  the productivity of the soil. They fix
  atmospheric nitrogen and solublize phosphorus.
  They also stimulate plant growth through
  synthesis of plant growth promoting substances.

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PRODUCTION

• The unit will produce the following
  Bio-Fertilizers
• Azospirillum for paddy.
• Azospirillum for other crops.
• Rhizobium for pulses.
• Acetobacter for sugarcane.
• Phosphobacteria for all corps.
• Azotobactor for millets.
• Trichoderma Viride.
• Pseudomonas.

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MARKET POTENTIAL

• Bio Fertilizer demand all over India -12,43,940
  M.T.
• Bio Fertilizer demand in Tamil Nadu - 50,000
  M.T.
• Bio Fertilizers produced
• in Tamil Nadu at present - 2,000
  M.T.
• (Including Government Private Institutions)
•  
• The gap is due to lack of awareness among the
  farmers.

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• BIOTECHNOLOGYINFORMATICS
• BIOINFORMATICS
• (GLOBAL SERVICE)
• CHANGE INDUCING TOOL
• FOR INSTANT ACCESS TO WORLDWIDE BIOCOMMERCE

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PILLARS OF BIOINFORMATICS

• GENOMICS
• Study of genes and entire process of their
  organisation
• as well as sequencing.
• PROTEOMICS
• Study of all proteins of the organism.
• PHARMACOGENOMICS
• New drug discovery using genetic basis of
  disease. (in-silico biology organ replacement
  etc).

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SPIRULINA OUTDOOR CULTIVATION

• FACTORS FOR OUTDOOR CULTIVATION
• Natural Factors
• ? Temperature (25-40 degree C)
•  
• ? Light (70-140 K lux)
• ? Evaporation (5-6 Lit /m.sq)
•  
• ? Rainfall (Dilution)

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FACTORS WHICH CAN BE REGULATED

• ? Water quality (hardness limit 300ppm)
• ? Culture depth (30cm)
•  
• ? Hourly Agitation for 8hrs
  (9-5pm) daily
•  
• ? Nutrient Level (as per media)
•  
• ? pH (8.5 - 9.5)

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SPIRULINA BUSINESS FORMULATION

• ADVANTAGES
•   ? Can be produced at Rural/Commercial
  
• levels.
•   ? No agricultural land needed.
•   ? Technology is simple.
• ? Has multiple application as health
  food.
•   ? Popular in over 75 countries has
  big
• domestic market.

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STEVIA BASED PRODUCTS

• Stevia is a natural, non-caloric, sweet-tasting
  plant used around the world for its pleasant
  taste.
• It is being researched for its potential for
  inhibiting fat absorption and lowering blood
  pressure.

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USE OF STEVIA IN FOOD APPLICATIONS

• First, as a prepackaged replacement for sugar and
  artificial sweeteners. Second, it has been used
  in various food products, including the Japanese
  sugar-free versions of Wrigley's gums, Beatrice
  Foods yogurts and even diet Coke.
• It has also been used in Japanese style pickles,
  dried sea foods, fish meat products, vegetables
  and sea foods boiled down with soy sauce,
  confectioneries and a host of other products.  

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BIOTECHNOLOGY IN COSMETICS

• Isolates More efficient, more aesthetic and
  cost effective. Active ingredients are isolated
  from a principle source.
• Neem - Azadirachtin - antifungal
• Turmeric - Curcumin - antiseptic
• Henna - Lawsone - natural coloring conditioning
• Jojoba - Decyl poly glucose -moisturising skin
  vitalising.
• Soya beans - Soya isoflavones - UV protection
  anti ageing effect .etc.,

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BUY BACK FOR HERBAL PRODUCTS

• ALOE VERA
• OCIMUM SANCTUM
• SENNA LEAVES
• PAPAYA
• PHYLLANTHUS
• 33 OTHER HERBS
• HERBAL GARDEN CONCEPT SIMILAR TO RASHTRAPATI
  BHAVAN

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JATROPHA AND BIODIESEL

• PACKAGE OF PRACTICES FOR CULTIVATION AND
  HARVESTING JATROPHA CURCAS, A TREE FOR WASTELANDS
  
• PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY TO PRODUCE BIODIESEL FROM
  THE OIL DERIVED FROM NON EDIBLE SEEDS LIKE
  JATROPHA,PUNGAM ETC.

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EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

• Some of the Traditional Biotechnologies are vying
  with Modern biotech applications to create the
  employment opportunities in India.

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OBTAIN PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE IN

• Some of the noteworthy techniques leading to
  the employment avenues are described here.
• Curriculum Vitae of candidates must have
  reference to the techniques which are learnt.
  Expertise which is gained on instrument while
  doing Real Time Projects must be reflected in the
  Resume .

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CELL CULTURE

• Cells from plant tissues can be grown for
  producing active components for various
  industries e.g. pharmaceutical, flavours and
  aroma based organizations.
• The Commercial production would entail
  exposure to Microbiology techniques, maintenance
  of sterile atmosphere free of other micro
  organism by usage of Bio hoods.

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STEM CELL CULTURING

• Stem cell culturing is the most modern form of
  cell culturing involving precise methods for
  achieving good quality cells leading to a good
  organ suitable for transplanting. Embryonic stem
  cells can take care of several ailments like
  diabetes.

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MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

• One of the fast growing business is the
  Diagnostic industry which is known to consume
  Monoclonal antibodies. These specific antibodies
  could help us in the detection of serious
  ailments like cancer, AIDS etc. through a
  specific diagnostic test. Biological pollutants
  can also be detected easily. It is also used in
  auto immune diseases.
• It is very important to pick up techniques to
  produce Monoclonal antibodies as the applications
  for treatment of many diseases by conferring
  immunity on the deficient host is being explored
  all the time.

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FERMENTATION

• Some of products like Hepatitis B vaccine and
  Enzymes are produced using processes like
  fermentation. Micro organisms are used with
  fermentation processes for producing amino acids
  . Production of Antibiotics like Semi Synthetic
  Penicillins ( e.g. Amoxicillin, Ampicillin etc.),
  Semi Synthetic Cephalosporins ( e.g. Cephalexin,
  ceftriaxone etc.) and Human insulin fall under
  the category of bio processing.

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CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS

• The technique of capillary electrophoresis
  entails the running of samples in gels
  (polyacrylamide or agarose) or in free solutions.
  
• The protein bands are identified and observed as
  they are passing through a detector without any
  process of staining. This kind of a procedure is
  very quick. The major advantage is in sectors
  such as forensic science and mapping of the
  genomes.
• Even drug development of small molecules needs an
  instrument like capillary electrophoresis.

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CYTOMETRY

• The process of measurement of the biochemical and
  physical parameters of a biological item or a
  cell is called as cytometry. When the characters
  are measured in a stream of fluid it is called as
  Flow Cytometry. This method requires that the
  biological particle or cell should pass through
  a beam of a light which is emitted by the cell
  after it goes through a fluorescent light, a
  laser beam or a scattered laser beam.
• The flow cytometry is also used to calculate the
  activity of enzymes, potential of membranes and
  concentration of ions.

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PROTEIN ENGINEERING

• Biocatalysts play a very important role in the
  industrial production of several products in
  Paper, textile, pharmaceutical industries. The
  preparation of suitable and commercially viable
  enzymes has been possible due to protein
  engineering. Novel proteins could be designed to
  deactivate viruses and to counter tumour
  causing cells. Food products could also be
  produced designing better proteins.

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BIOSENSORS

• Biological components like enzyme or antibody
  are coupled with electronic components like a
  detecting device , transducer ( which produces a
  signal) to form a biosensor. These coupled
  devices are used industrially to produce better
  quality foods and clinically to measure blood
  parameters in bed ridden patients. Detection of
  toxins and infectious biological agents is also
  possible very much in an economical fashion.

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OTHER RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES

• Nano Biotechnology
• The marriage of micro volume of Biological
  samples (micro fluidics) and measurement of micro
  signals has created the exciting field of Nano
  biotechnology which has tremendous application
  potential in treatment and diagnosis.
• Recombinant DNA Technology
• The practice of combining Genetic material
  from various living sources is becoming quite
  common and the ramifications of this technology
  is reaching into agriculture for enhancing
  yields, bio control measures etc. It is being
  used for producing Biodegradable plastics too.

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CONCLUSIONS

• The fields described here are few and there are
  many more Job opportunities which are likely to
  spring up as substantial investments are in the
  process of being made. The stem cell and organ
  bank concept, Gene therapy, Clinical trials for
  Biotech products as well as R D Jobs will be
  the focus of the future Biotech industry in
  India. Job seekers must not restrict themselves
  only to theoretical knowledge derived from the
  educational institutions but must invest some
  time money to gain practical experience in the
  labs of the industry or commercially oriented R
  D institutes.

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• THANK YOU ALL FOR THE PATIENCE
• WISH YOU ALL A
• PROFITABLE TIME

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• Dr. R. Jagannathan
• Tel [phone]
• Email srg_at_eth.net