Bacteria

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Bacteria

• . Support bacteria - they're theonly culture
  some people have .

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What is bacteria?

• True bacteria are the oldest organisms on earth
• organisms made up of just one cell
• capable of multiplying by themselves, as they
  have the power to divide
• some bacteria can cause diseases
• Sometimes they are just in the wrong place but
  other times they are designed to invade our
  bodies!!
• Bacterial infections are usually treated with a
  special antibiotic that only kills the bacterium
  that has caused the disease.

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Common Shapes of Bacteria
BACILLUS
COCCUS
SPIRILLUM
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Reproduction of Bacteria

• Bacteria may reproduce either asexually or
  sexually.
• Primarily they reproduce asexually, which they
  accomplish by simple cell division.
• During this process, one cell divides into two
  daughter cells with the development of a
  transverse cell wall.
• genetic variations can occur within individual
  cells through recombinant

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Malicious Bacteria (

• Why did the paramecium cross the road?
• He was stuck to the chicken's butt.

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Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever

• is an infectious feverish disease
• severe symptoms in the digestive system
• caused by an infection with the bacterium
  Salmonella typhi,
• which is only found in humans and may lead to
  serious illness.
• Salmonella typhi can only attack humans
• the bacterium is passed on with water and foods
  and can withstand both drying and refrigeration.

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Salmonella and Food Poisoning

• found in poultry, eggs, unprocessed milk and in
  meat and water
• attacks the stomach and intestines
• enters the lymph tracts, which carry water and
  protein to the blood, and the blood itself
• Symptoms-
• Diarrhea (constipation), headaches, stomach
  cramps, nausea and vomiting

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Anthrax

• a bacterial disease caused by an organism called
  Bacillus anthracis
• is capable of producing spores
• Its a disease of grass-eating animals such as
  sheep, goats, cattle and horses so humans wont
  get infected unless they are exposed to infected
  animals
• Symptoms -
• Vomiting, nausea, fever

IT IS NOT CONTAGIOUS!
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Botulism

• serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin
  
• produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum
  (found in soil)
• cant be detected unless diagnosed (ex a cat
  scan)
• 110 cases of botulism each year
• Clostridium botulinum
• name of a group of bacteria
• rod-shaped organisms grow best in low oxygen
  conditions.
• bacteria form spores - allows them to survive in
  a dormant state

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Types of Botulism

• Foodborne botulism caused by eating foods that
  contain the botulism toxin (25 of the cases)
• Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a
  wound infected with Clostridium botulinum (72 of
  the cases)
• Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores
  of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the
  intestines and release toxin
• NOTE ALL TYPES ARE FATAL AND SHOULD
  RECEIVE MEDICAL ATTENTION!!

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The Plague

• The Black Death wiped out complete villages in
  Europe in the 14th century. Largest outbreak of a
  bacteria.
• The epidemic lasted about 200 years and affected
  all aspects of social and economic life.
• Carried by fleas, rodents and humans.

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Gram Positive ()

• Gram positive bacteria have simple walls composed
  primarily of peptidoglycan
• Secrete exotoxins which can infect a host without
  the bacteria actually being present

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Gram Negative (-)

• Gram negative bacteria have relatively complex
  walls with lipopolysaccharides which are often
  toxic, making the walls of gram-negative bacteria
  toxic
• Often more resistant than gram positive Bacteria
  to antibiotics
• Usually more deadly than gram-positive bacteria,
  but must be present for symptoms to occur. Do
  not secrete exotoxins

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Beneficial Bacteria )

• Why did the bacteria cross the road?
• To prove he wasn't chicken.

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Good Bacteria

• Used in soil enrichment
• Used for pickling and preserving
• Used for fermentation
• Used to decompose organic waste
• The bacteria that live within us, help to build
  and maintain a strong gastrointestinal barrier
  against invasion and damage by pathogenic
  bacteria, viruses, protozoa and toxic substances.

Lactobacillus reuteri
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Bacteria is a part of everyday life

• The bacteria that live within us as symbionts,
  help to build and maintain a strong
  gastrointestinal barrier against invasion and
  damage by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa
  and toxic substances.

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Combating Bad Bacteria D

• Why did the bacteria cross the playground?
• To get to the other slide..

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Antibodies

• An antibody is a protein complex used by the
  immune system to identify and neutralize bacteria
  
• Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen
  unique to its target
• Antibodies that recognize bacteria mark them for
  ingestion by macrophages.
• Together with the plasma component complement,
  antibodies can kill bacteria directly.

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Antibiotics

• Drugs that help cure certain infections by
  impairing bacteria.
• First antibiotic discovered was penicillin.
• Some fungi produce antibiotics used to treat
  bacterial infections
• The dark side is that antibiotics caused the
  evolution of antibiotic-resistant populations of
  the very bacteria the drugs were meant to kill

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Prevention

• Improvements in prevention of bacterial
  infections come more from improved public health
  policies than so-called wonder-drugs.
  Generally little can be done to combat bacterial
  infections directly other than keeping your
  living conditions and yourself sanitary.