Grade 12 Exam

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Grade 12 Exam

• S Riley

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What is Art?
Art covers 4 categories aesthetics, art
criticism, art history and the production of art.
Define the 4 categories. Why do we study art and
art history? What motivates us(as in mankind
and you) to create art? What is the value in art?
Define art according to its different values
material value, the intrinsic value, religious
value, nationalistic value, and psychological
value. Why are you producing art? What statement
do you want to say with your art
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• Impressionism
• Post impressionism-Pointillism
• Expressionism-Fauvism
• Cubism
• Abstract art
• Op art
• Surrealism
• Abstract Expressionism
• Pop Art

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Impressionism, starting approximately1860-
1890 It is an art style that attempts to capture
the rapidly changing affects of sunlight on
objects. Characteristics of Impressionist
paintings include visible brush strokes, open
composition, emphasis on light in its changing
qualities (often accentuating the effects of the
passage of time), ordinary subject matter, the
inclusion of movement as a crucial element of
human perception and experience, and unusual
visual angles. Made possible because of the
invention of paint tubes. Famous artist Claude
Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Morisot, Rodin
Claude Monet, Woman with a Parasol - Madame Monet
and Her Son, 1875
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Monet, ClaudeFrench, 1840-1926Grainstacks, end
of summer1891
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CLAUDE MONET, Impression Sunrise, 1872. Oil on
canvas,
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Van Goghs Sunflowers
Post- Impressionism-both an extension of
impressionism and a rejection of their
limitations. It is a term used to describe
various trends in the painting following
impressionism-rejecting its limitations they
continued using vivid colours, thick application
of paint, distinctive brush strokes, and
real-life subject matter, but they were more
inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort
form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural
or arbitrary colour. Artists Paul Cezanne, Van
Gogh, Paul Gauguin. Pointillism one trend
developed by Seurat.
Andre Derain,Mountains at Collioure (1905
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Wheatfield with Crows(oil on canvas, 1890
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• Pointillism is a style of painting in which small
  distinct points of primary colors create the
  impression of a wide selection of secondary
  colors. Artist Seurat, Signac, and Cross.

Georges Seurat, 'La Parade' (1889)
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Scream by Edvard Munch (1893)

• Expressionism/Fauvism started around 1888.
  Fauvists simplified lines, made the subject of
  the painting easy to read, exaggerated
  perspectives and used brilliant but arbitrary
  colors. They also emphasized freshness and
  spontaneity over finish. Expressionism started
  around 1912. It is the tendency of an artist to
  distort reality for an emotional effect it is a
  subjective art form a style of art that
  emphasized the expression of innermost feelings.
• Famous Fauvism and Expressionist artist Matisse,
  Kirchner as Matthias, Grünewald and El Greco,
  Wassily Kandinsky, Vincent Van Gogh

Henri Matisse, Portrait of Madame Matisse (The
green line), 1905,
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Munch Madonna (1895)
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Matisse, The Dance II, 1909-10
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Cubism started in 1908. It was a style in which
objects and space around them are broken up into
different shapes and then put back together in
new relationships. 3 styles-early cubism,
analytical, synthetic Famous artist Pablo
Picasso, Popova, George Braque
Pablo Picasso, Le guitariste, 1910. An example of
Analytic Cubism.
Pablo Picasso, Three Musicians (1921), Museum of
Modern Art. Three Musicians is a classic example
of Synthetic cubism
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Dada Art peaked from 1916 to 1922 Its purpose
was to ridicule what its participants considered
to be the meaninglessness of the modern world. In
addition to being anti-war, dada was also
anti-bourgeois and anarchistic in
nature. Characterists-childlike, found materials
Hans Arp. Entombment of The Birds and
Butterflies (Portrait of Tristan Tzara), 1916-17.
Painted wood relief.
Hans Arp. Mustache Hat from 7 Arpaden
(1923). Lithograph published in a portfolio.
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Painting is "washed up," Duchamp said in 1912.
Fountain, 1917
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Dali, The Persistence of Time 1931
Rene Magritte False Mirror 1928
Surrealism emerged around 1920. It was an art
style that probed the subconscious world of
dreams for ideas. The works feature the element
of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions. Famous
artists Savidor Dali, Chirico, Miro
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Abstract Expressionism an post WW II Started in
Europe but was known as an American movement
first named in 1946. It is an art style in which
paint was freely applied to huge canvases in an
effort to show feelings and emotions. Artist
Jackson Pollock, Franz Kline, Kandinsky

• Jackson Pollock, No. 5, 1948

Composition VII, 1913
Franz Kline, Painting Number 2, 1954
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Piet Mondrian, Composition No. 10
Franz Kline, Painting Number 2, 1954
Abstract art starting 1912 is now generally
understood to mean art that does not depict
objects in the natural world, but instead uses
color and form in a non-representational way.
Famous Artist Piet Mondrian, Kline. It can be
used to describe a number of movements including
Op art started in 1960s.
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Movement in Squares, by Bridget Riley 1961.
Relativity lithograph print by M. C. Escher in
December 1953.
Op art, also known as optical art, is used to
describe some paintings and other works of art
which use optical illusions. Artists Bridget
Riley, M.C. Escher
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• Victor Vasarely, Quasar-Fugue, 1966-1973, oil on
  canvas, 150.5 x 150.5 cm, Tehran Museum of
  Contemporary Art, Iran.A twentieth century art
  movement and style in which artists sought to
  create an impression of movement on the picture
  surface by means of optical illusion.

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Jeff Koons, Rabbit, 1986, ? Jeff Koons
Warhol, Jackie paintings, 1964
Pop Art was a visual artistic movement that
emerged in the early 1950s. Pop art, like pop
music, aimed to employ images of popular as
opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing
the banal (ordinary) or kitschy (decorative)
elements of any given culture. Popular artist
include Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein among
others.
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• Lichtenstein Wham (1963)