NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE

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NETWORK CONNECTION HARDWARE

• Chapter 3

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NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER

• Provides the link between a computer and the
  network
• Requires a device driver to perform both
  data-link and physical layer functions
• Plugs into a bus slot or universal serial bus
  (USB) port on a computer
• Also referred to as a network interface card (NIC)

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A NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER
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TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONS

• Network interface adapters perform the following
  functions during data transmission
• Data transfer, buffering, and encapsulation
• Media Access Control (MAC)
• Parallel/ serial conversion
• Signal encoding and amplification

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HALF-DUPLEX AND FULL-DUPLEX MODES
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INSTALLING A NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER IN A
COMPUTER

• To install a network interface adapter
• Physically insert the network interface adapter
  card into the slot.
• Configure the card to use the appropriate
  hardware resources.
• Install the cards device driver.

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A NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER IN A COMPUTER
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NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER DEVICE DRIVERS

• Network interfaces require a device driver to
  provide the link between the computer and the
  interface.
• Operating systems ship with device drivers for
  common interfaces.
• Operating systems that support PnP detect and
  configure the interface automatically.
• You can get drivers from the manufacturers Web
  site.
• The driver configuration must match the
  interfaces resource settings.

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TROUBLESHOOTING A NETWORK INTERFACE ADAPTER

• To troubleshoot the suspect network interface
  adapter, open the computer case and do the
  following
• Verify that the interface is seated properly in
  the bus slot.
• Remove the card, clean the slot, and then reseat
  the card in the same slot or try another slot.
• Test a different interface (known to be
  functional) in the same slot and in a different
  slot

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HUBS, REPEATERS, AND CONCENTRATORS

• Hubs, repeaters, and concentrators are all
  physical layer devices that
• Amplify and repeat signals
• Extend the distance of a network

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AN ETHERNET REPEATER
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10BASE-T AND 100BASE-X HUBS

• 10Base-T and 100Base-TX/100Base-T4 standards
  define Ethernet networks that function at 10 Mbps
  and 100 Mbps, using baseband signaling over
  twisted-pair wire.
• 10Base-T
• Maximum distance limitation for each connection
  100 meters, including workstation-to-hub and
  hub-to-hub connections
• Can have up to four hubs connected to form a
  hierarchical star
• Includes an internal crossover circuit
• Uses an uplink port to form a hierarchical star

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10BASE-T AND 100BASE-X HUBS (CONT.)

• 100Base-TX and 100Base-T4
• There are two types of hubs Class I and Class
  II.
• The maximum distance for each node connection is
  100 meters.
• Class II hub-to-hub connections can be no more
  than 5 meters long.

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HUB CONNECTIONS
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10BASE-T HUB
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ROUTERS

• Routers are network layer devices that connect
  LANs.
• Connect similar or different data-link layer LANs
• Must understand and support the network layer
  protocol and addressing
• Perform fragmentation
• Strip the data-link header and footer off
  received frames
• Add a new data-link header and footer before
  transmitting frames
• Use routing protocols to build routing tables and
  forward frames
• Define separate broadcast domains

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A SIMPLE ROUTED NETWORK
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A ROUTED INTERNETWORK
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GATEWAYS

• Can include the functions of all seven layers of
  the OSI model
• Connect dissimilar systems and protocols
• Perform translation and conversion services

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SUMMARY

• Network interface adapters provide the physical
  link between computers and the network.
• Hubs are physical layer devices that amplify and
  repeat signals out all ports except the one they
  were received through.
• Routers are network layer devices that forward
  datagrams between LANs.
• Gateways translate and convert protocols between
  dissimilar systems.