Over the Counter Drug Medications (OTC) Sarah Glover Kally

1
Over the Counter Drug Medications (OTC)

• Sarah Glover
• Kally Hotvedt
• Melissa Mankowski
• Chris Sanzeri

2
History of Pain Relievers

• Willow Tree bark and leaves
• The first type of pain reliever recorded was when
  ancient Romans used willow bark as a fever
  fighter.
• The leaves and bark of the willow tree contain a
  substance called salicin, a naturally occurring
  compound similar to acetylsalicylic acid, the
  chemical name for aspirin.

3
Aspirin

• History of Aspirin
• No one person invented aspirin
• A German chemist with an arthritic father, came
  across acetylsalicylic acid, the chemical name
  for aspirin and developed the product aspirin
• He was working for
• Friedrich Bayer and Company
• (a.k.a. Bayer Aspirin)

4
Aspirin cont.

• Chemical formula of Acetylsalicylic Acid
  (Aspirin)
• CH3COOC6H4COOH
• Functional Groups
• carboxylic acid
• ether

5
Aspirin Pros

• Pros
• Relieves pain associated with headaches,
  infections and arthritis
• Reduces fever, redness, swelling
• Prevents blood clots
• Reduces the risk of a second heart attack or
  stroke
• Large doses can be used to treat gout

6
Aspirin Cons

• Cons (or side effects)
• Upset stomach
• Vomiting
• Properties that allow aspirin to stop blood clots
  can cause stomach bleeding, bleeding in the
  brain, kidney failure, and strokes.
• Daily use of aspirin may only be beneficial if
  you have heart or blood vessel disease or poor
  blood flow

7
If you experience the following symptoms, seek a
Doctor!

• Ringing of ears
• Loss of hearing
• Bloody or black stools
• Wheezing
• Difficulty breathing
• Mental confusion
• Drowsiness
• Skin rash

8
Other Facts about Aspirin

• For healthy people, the potential of
  cardiovascular benefits of daily aspirin have not
  yet been determined
• Some pregnant women may increase their likelihood
  of delivering a healthy baby if they take aspirin
  daily (Check with your doctor to be sure)
• Aspirin will not negate other risk factors such
  as smoking or high cholesterol levels
• Aspirin is not for everyone

9
Tylenol

• History of Tylenol
• Introduced in 1955
• Tylenol Elixir for children, becoming a very
  reputable OTC drug

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Tylenol cont.

• Chemical formula for Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
• C8H9NO2
• Functional Groups
• amine
• ketone

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Tylenol How it Works

• Tylenol works by elevating your bodys overall
  pain threshold so that you feel less pain.
• It wont irritate your stomach like many other
  OTC drugs because it works a little differently.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammitories (like Advil
  Aleve) work by blocking a substance that carries
  pain messages to your brain. One of its side
  effects is that it leaves yours stomach lining
  vulnerable to problems.

12
Tylenol Children

• Tylenol is a widely used pain reliever for
  children.
• It is even safe to use on small infants.
• It is, however, very important to use them as
  directed.

13
Tylenol Pros and Cons

• Pros
• Relieves pain
• Reduces fever
• Treats headaches, muscle aches, arthritis,
  backache, toothaches, colds fevers

• Cons (side effects)
• Liver damage
• Blood problems
• DO NOT TAKE TYLENOL FOR HANGOVERS!
• It will destroy your liver!

14
Aleve

• History of Aleve
• First approved and put on the market in 1994
• Has recently been put on the
• list of medicine
• that is linked to
• strokes and
• heart attacks

15
Aleve cont.

• Chemical formula of Naproxen Sodium (Aleve)
• C14H14O3
• Functional Groups
• carboxylic acid

16
Aleve cont.

• Naproxen sodium belongs to a group of medicines
  called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  (NSAIDs).
• Dosing
• The usual adult dose is 250-500 mg twice daily
  using regular naproxen tablets.
• Naproxen should be given with food to reduce
  upset stomach.

17
Aleve Pros and Cons

• Pros
• Reduces hormone that cause inflammation and pain
• Relieves
• pain/inflammation/
• stiffness caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid
  arthritis, cramps, gout, and injury

• Cons (side effects)
• Allergic reaction
• Cramps, numbness, tingling
• Ulcers in mouth
• Weight gain
• Seizures
• Decreased hearing, ringing in ears

18
Advil

• Invented in 1969 - Prescription only
• Not used as an OTC drug until 1984

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Advil cont.

• Chemical formula of Ibuprofen (Advil)
• C13H18O2
• Functional Groups
• carboxylic
• acid

20
Advil Doses

• The general dosage is 200 or 400 mg every 4 to 6
  hours.
• Arthritis is treated with 300 to 800 mg 3 or 4
  times daily.
• Children 6 months to 12 years of age usually are
  given 5-10 mg/kg of ibuprofen every 6-8 hours for
  the treatment of fever and pain.
• Juvenile arthritis is treated with 20 to 40
  mg/kg/day in 3-4 divided doses.
• Ibuprofen should be taken with meals.

21
Advil Pros and Cons

• Pros
• Relieves mild to moderate aches and pains
• Reduces fever, menstrual cramps, and inflammation

• Cons (side effects)
• Rash
• Ringing in the ears
• Headaches
• Dizziness, drowsiness
• Abdominal pain, nausea
• Diarrhea, constipation
• Heartburn
• Ulcers in the stomach or intestines that are
  prone to bleeding

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Now you know

• What the most common OTC drugs are, what they are
  made of, as well as the chemical formulas,
  structures and the functional groups.
• What these drugs are, what they do for you and
  what the possible side effects include.

23
Other Info

• Take Aspirin if you have a hangover.
• If you or someone you know overdoses with any of
  these OTC drugs, see a doctor IMMEDIATELY.
• Winona Hospital - 855 Mankato Ave

24
Remember.

• Use proper dosage
• READ the DIRECTIONS!
• Keep drugs out of the reach of children and in a
  dry place
• Take OTC drugs
• with food

25
Resources

• Tylenol.com. 2005. 26 Apr. 2005
  http//www.tylenol.com
• Answers.com. 26 Apr. 2005 http//www.answers.com/
  topic/naproxen
• Vitacoast.com. 26 Apr. 2005 http//www.vitacoast
  .com/science/hn/drug/naproxen.htm
• MedicineNet.com. 26 Apr. 2005 http//www.medicin
  enet.com/ibuprofen/artical.htm
• Bayer.com. 26 Apr. 2005
• http//www.bayeraspirin.com/questions/b_product_
  center_dc.htm
• Ask Dr Sears.com. 26 Apr. 2005
  http//www.askdrsears.com
• Wikipedia.org. 26 Apr. 2005 http//www.en.wikipedi
  a.org/wiki/main_page
• Heart Center Online. 2005. 22 Apr. 2005
  http//heartcenteronline.com
• Aspirin. 2005. Aspirin Foundation of America. 19
  Apr. 2005 http//aspirin.org