Lab # 12 Female Reproductive System Female Reproductive

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Lab 12

• Female Reproductive System

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Female Reproductive System

• Produces gametes (eggs)
• Provides space and nutrients for the developing
  fetus
• Delivers the child into the outer environment

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Ovary - where gametes produced

• 3-4 cm long, enclosed by tunica albuginea
• Cortex produces gametes (oocytes)
• Oogenesis process of oocyte production
• One egg/month produced
• Medulla
• Blood vessels
• Stroma - background substance

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Fig. 28.2
3. Secondary Follicle
1. Primordial Follicles
4. Mature Follicle
2. Primary Follicle
Antrum
Ovarian Ligament
Granulosa Cells
Suspensory Ligament
Oocyte
Oocyte
Medulla Cortex
Theca folliculi
Tunica Albuginea
Germinal Epithelium
Corona radiata
7. Corpus Albicans
5. Ovulated Oocyte
6. Corpus Luteum
Stroma
Fimbriae of Tube
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Oogenesis

• Follicle - circular structures in ovary with
  oocyte
• Primary, Secondary, Mature
• Antrum - fluid-filled space within follicle where
  oocyte is
• Corpus Luteum produces progesterone
• Corpus Albicans if no pregnancy occurs
• Atresia
• Absence or degeneration of ovarian follicles
  before maturity reached

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Ovary
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Uterine Tubes

• Fimbriae
• 3 regions
• Infundibulum
• Ampulla
• Isthmus

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Uterus



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Uterus

• Protect, nurture growing embryo
• 3 layers
• Perimetrium external serosa
• Myometrium smooth muscle
• Endometrium sloughed off during
  menstruation

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Uterus

• Endometrium - two layers
• Functional layer
• Shed during menstruation
• Spiral arterioles and uterine glands
• Basal layer
• Straight arterioles

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• Functional layer composed of spiral arterioles
  and uterine glands which appear as wavy lines at
  the edge of the tissue
• The basal layer has straight arterioles

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Hormones/Menstrual Cycle

• Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
• From Pituitary gland
• Stimulates ovarian follicles to secrete estrogen
  and progesterone important in the first half of
  menstrual cycle
• Stimulates the development of the follicle
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
• From pituitary
• Triggers release of egg
• Maintains the corpus luteum estrogen and
  progesterone in the second half of the menstrual
  cycle
• These hormones stimulate thickening of
  endometrium
• When they drop off, the functional layer sloughs
  off menstruation

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Menstrual Cycle

• Menstrual phase (days 1-5)
• Sloughing off of the functional layer in the
  uterus
• Proliferative phase (days 6-14)
• Egg development
• Endometrium increases in thickness
• Egg is released at the end of 14 days
• Secretory phase (days 15-26)
• Glycogen is produced in the endometrium

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Menstrual Cycle

• After ovulation progesterone levels increase
• At the end of the menstrual cycle progesterone
  levels drop and causing the functional layer of
  the endometrium to slough off

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Ligaments

• Suspensory ligament
• Attaches ovary to lumbar vertebrae
• Ovarian ligament
• Attaches ovary to uterus
• Broad ligament
• attaches uterus to pelvic wall
• Round ligament
• Attaches uterus to abdominal wall

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Ovarian Ligament (ovary to uterus)
Uterine Tube
Suspensory Ligament (to lumbar vertebrae)
Ovary
Broad Ligament (to pelvic wall)
Round Ligament (to abdominal wall)
Cardinal Ligament
Uterosacral Ligament
Vagina
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Vagina

• 8-10 cm long, very muscular
• Discharge of menstrual fluid
• Receives semen
• Birth canal
• Lined with rugae, allows for expansion
• Vaginal orifice and canal, join uterus at cervix
• Fornix - recessed region around cervix

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Vagina



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External Genitalia - the Vulva

• Mons pubis adipose tissue over pubic symphysis
• Labia majora outer folds of skin
• Labia minora inner, form vestibule
• Clitoris erectile tissue within body wall -
  prepuce
• Hymen - membrane that partially encloses the
  vaginal orifice
• Glands - lubrication
• Greater and lesser vestibular or Bartholins
  glands
• Paraurethral

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Mammary Glands

• Breast overlie pectoralis major
• Suspensory ligaments
• Milk Production
• Lobules
• Lobes
• Lactiferous ducts
• Lactiferous sinuses
• Nipple

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Mammary Glands
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Early Stages of Fetal Development

• Gametes
• Fertilization
• Zygote single cell - undergoes cleavage
• Morula - ball of cells
• Blastocyst hollow, implants on the uterine wall
• outer layer (trophoblast)
• Inner cluster (inner cell mass)

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