Parturition Topic 2035

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ParturitionTopic 2035

• Ashlee Gibson

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What is Parturition?

• Act of process of giving birth

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Parturition Names in Species

• Cattle Calving
• Sheep Lambing
• Swine Farrowing
• Horses Foaling

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Signs of Approaching Parturition

• Distended abdomen
• Mammary development milk secretion
• Swollen vulva and relaxed pelvic ligaments
• Mucous discharge
• Relentlessness and separation from group
• Labor and Contractions

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Signs of Parturition in Cattle

• One week - mammary glands fill with milk,
  tailhead ligaments relax, and you will see a
  waxing of teats.
• 12-24 hours - frequent defecation and urination,
  anorexia, looking for young, makes a nest or
  seeks out an isolated area.

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Signs of Parturition in Sheep

• Ten days before lambing the ewes teats become
  firm and full of milk, her vulva slackens and
  becomes slightly swollen.
• Closer to lambing, the ewe's cervical seal passes
  from the vulva as a thick, creamy, white mucus.
• In the final stages prior to lambing, the ewe
  becomes anxious and uneasy and continually
  switches from a reclining to a standing position.

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Signs of Parturition in Horses

• Two to six weeks before foaling the mares udder
  will swell.
• Seven to ten days prior to foaling the muscles
  over the buttocks appear to shrink and the
  abdomen drops.
• At four to six days before foaling the teats fill
  with milk.
• Twelve to 24 hours before foaling wax appears on
  the end of the nipples.

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Stages of Parturition

• Stage 1- Preparatory Stage
• Stage 2- Birthing Process
• Stage 3- Placenta Expulsion

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Stage 1- preparatory stage

• Characterized by dilation of the cervix.
• Rhythmic contractions of the uterus.
• At the end of this stage, the cervix expands,
  allowing the uterus and vagina to become a
  continuous canal.

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Stage 2- Birthing Process

• Increase in contractions with abdominal pressing.
  
• The placenta, along with the head and forelegs,
  are forced into the vagina (birth canal).
• Presentation is forelegs first with the nose
  resting on the forelegs.
• Anterior head first
• In swine, piglets may be born anteriorly or
  posteriorly

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Stage 3- Placenta Expulsion

• Associated with uterine contractions
• Normally expelled within 12 hours
• Placenta of each species should be expelled
  within the following time periods
• Mare- one hour
• Cow and ewe- 8to 24 hours
• Sow normally attached to fetus at birth

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Types of Placentas

• Cotyledonary
• Cow Ewe
• Diffuse
• Mare Sow

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Dystocia Difficulty during Parturition

• Fetal dystocia problems
• Over-sized fetus
• Multiple birth complications
• Breech presentation - With sheep, cattle, and
  horses, the fetus is presented posteriorly.
• Deviations in normal presentation - For example,
  one leg may be pushed back or the head may be
  turned.

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Dystocia

• Maternal dystocia problems
• Narrowing of the birth canal due to fractures of
  the pelvis.
• Uterine torsion reducing the size of the birth
  canal.
• The cervix may fail to dilate.
• Absence of uterine contractions