impact of science and technology on development of livestock

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IMPACT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON DEVELOPMENT
OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
IN VIETNAM ___________________________________
_______

• 1) T.K. Anh, National Agricultural Extension
  Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
  Development (MARD), Hanoi, Vietnam
• 2) N.N. Phuc, Thuy Phuong Pig Research Centre,
  National Institute of Animal Husbandry (NIAH),
  Hanoi, Vietnam
• 3) N.T. Son, Department of Livestock Production,
  (MARD), Hanoi, Vietnam
• 4) P.T Lam, Department of Science and Technology,
  (MARD), Hanoi, Vietnam
• Email livestock_at_fpt.vn

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INTRODUCTION______________

• Livestock are vital role following rice
  production for many years in Vietnam where more
  than 70 of the population still are engaged in
  agriculture
• Livestock as a source of protein in human diets,
  farm income, fertilizer for crop production,
  store of wealth, draught power and means of
  transport.
• Since the early 1990s new stock and breeds of
  poultry, pigs and cattle are imported

Mong cai, a high prolifitive local sowhas mostly
been reared in backyard and mated with exotic
boars to produce fattters which are famous for
their meat with excellent tatse and high quality
intramuscullar fat.
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INTRODUCTION______________

• The immense growth in per capita income has
  boosted consumption of livestock products and
  created an opportunity for intensification.
• Old traditional mixed farms a few animals
  using agriculture by-products alongside their
  crop
• New system of large-scale, industrialized and
  market-oriented production livestock production
• The development of livestock production is
  closely associated with science and technology
  activities and innovations.

There are more than 2.9 million water buffaloes
reared mainly in the middle and highland areas
and served for draught power (1.8 million) and
fattening (60.000 tons meat)(Source Depertment
of Livestock Production, MARD, Oct. 2005)
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PRINCIPLE CHANGES IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION________
____________________________________

• Over the last 10 years, livestock production has
  an annual increasing rate of 5.2
• Predominant agriculture animals are pigs, cattle
  and poultry.

There are more than 5.5 million cattle in the
country served mainly for draught power, milk
(1.3 million cows) and fattening (140,000 tons
beef)(Source Depertment of Livestock
Production, MARD, Oct. 2005)
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PRINCIPLE CHANGES IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION________
____________________________________
Figure 1. Annual increasing rates of population
of pigs, cattle and poultry.
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Rural development policies from
1990S________________________________________

• Land user rights wherein the land was returned to
  the farmers
• A resolution calling for increased investment in
  agriculture
• The rural industrialization and modernization
  as a top priority
• Pro-poor livestock policies with a new approach
  to alleviate poverty (expanded productive
  opportunities)

GA HO - an excellent fighting cock, one of more
than 50 indigenous animals that have been
conserved in Vietnam
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RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES FROM
1990S________________________________________

• The land decollectivization leads to the
  formation of private farms including farms for
  livestock with various sizes.
• Most livestock farms were small households
  keeping either 5-10 sows or 10-20 fatteners
  and/or some tens of broiler chickens.
• The most innovative and well situated establish
  medium and large scale livestock farms oriented
  to the growing domestic market and partly to
  export.

BAU QUI, a typical local goose in Nghe An
province, that is well suitable to graising
feeding in extensive production.
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WITH LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION_______________________________________
_______________

• Livestock research as a high priority in the
  agriculture
• 3 livestock research institutes
• National Institute of Animal Husbandry (Hanoi)
• National Institute of Veterinary Research (Hanoi)
• Institute of Agricultural Science of South
  Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City)

Thawing swine frozen semen before insemination in
Thuy Phuong Pig Research Centre (NIAH, Hanoi)
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WITH LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION_______________________________________
_______________

• Most research activities recieve subsidies
  from the state budget.
• Over the last 5 years, funds for livestock
  research was 82.5 billion VND (or 5.2 million
  USD), accounting for 12.6 of total funding for
  agricultural research.

DONG CAO chicken - a local breed for meat and
eggs producing that mainly reared in intensive
and semi-intensive systems
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WITH LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION_______________________________________
_______________

• 383 research works become applicable in
  production since 1990, wherein
• 106 on genetics and breeding,
• 88 on livestock nutrition and feeding,
• 101 on veterinary, and
• 88 on livestock rearing techniques.

Bach Thao goat, a well domesticated animal which
are suitable in extensive and semi-extensive
graising and semi-graising systems
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WITH LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION_______________________________________
_______________

• Using exotic breeds to improve performance and
  quality of products as markets required
• Creating crossbreds of exotic and native animals
  
• Evaluation for conservation of more than 50
  indigenous breeds of animals with assistance of
  genetic molecular technique
• Conservation of 2.181 ADN samples of 39 domestic
  animals

Imported exotic pigs are popular in intensive
farms with various scales
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ACHIEVEMENTWS__________________________

• Using agriculture by-products and home-mixing
  feeds
• Introducing commercial feeds for livestock
• New models of animal housing and advanced
  livestock waste treatment
• Eshtablishing sustainable systems
  livestock-fishier production
• Network of veterinary services from the Centre to
  farms

GA AC a local medicine chicken with 5 toe
legs are reared by scavenging, semi- scavenging
in extensive system.
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ACHIEVEMENTS__________________________

• 12 vaccines against common infectious diseases
  in pigs, chicken, goats, buffaloes are produced
  and introduced into livestock farms
• Establishment of Central Lab with the modest
  imported laboratory equipment
• Success in creating of beef cattle by embryo
  transfer and in vitro fertilization (the NIAH)

HMONG chickens with black meat reared in
extensive system.
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EXTENSION SERVICE ________________________________
______________________

• An effective link between research activities and
  livestock operation
• Early, there was no national system of state
  extension
• Since 1990, Establishment of Department of
  Agricultural and Forestry Extension Service
  (currently, the National Agricultural Extension
  Centre)
• 61 provincial extension centres
• 522 extension stations at district levels
• More than 8000 contract extension workers

Giving presentation on livestock techniques is
one of various extention activities in Vietnam
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EXTENSION SERVICE ________________________________
______________________

• Extension programs focus on general and
  technical assistance
• Supplying of financial supports to establish
  demonstration farms
• Guide to management, animal husbandry
  techniques and marketing
• Good opportunity to access and utilize
  extension services
• Extension programs receive the support and
  cooperation from research institutes
• Researchers from institutes give lectures in
  training courses

Introduction of rabbit rearing technique to
private farm owners in Ba Vi Goat and Rabbit
Research Centre (NIAH)
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CONSTRAINTS_____________

• 1. Livestock research and its findings are still
  weekly linked to production system
• 2. Environment pollution and accelerates the
  transmissible animal diseases that threaten human
  health
• 4. High feed costs and highly dependent on
  imported feedstuffs
• 5. Livestock products are less competitive due to
  high production cost

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Thank youfor your attention!