Administration of Intravenous medications Chapter 11 Nursing

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Administration of Intravenous medications

• Chapter 11
• Nursing 105

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Advantages Disadvantages of I.V. medications

• Advantages
• Provide direct access to the circulatory system
• A route for drugs that irritate the gastric
  mucosa
• A route for instant drug action
• A route for delivering high drug concentrations
• instant drug termination if sensitivity or an
  adverse reaction occurs
• Route of administration in patients in whom use
  of the GI tract is limited

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Advantages Disadvantages of I. V.
administration cont

• Disadvantages
• Drug interaction because of incompatibilities
• Adsorption of the drug being impaired because of
  leaching into the I.V. container or
  administration set
• Errors in compounding of medication
• Speed shock
• Extravasation of a vesicant drug
• Chemical phlebitis

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Common error in Administering Medications

• Lack of knowledge about drugs
• Errors in drug identity checking
• Mistakes in calculations,
• Improper use of pumps and controllers

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Drug incompatibilities

• Three broad categories
• Physical occur when one drug is mixed with other
  drugs or solutions to produce a product that is
  unsafe for administration
• Chemical a reaction of a drug with other drugs
  or solutions, which results in alterations of the
  integrity and potency of the active ingredient
• Therapeutic an undesirable effect occurring in a
  patient as a result of two or more drugs being
  given concurrently

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I. V. Medication delivery

• IV medication can be delivered by
• Continuous infusion
• Intermittent infusion
• IV push through a locking device

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Subcutaneous infusion

• Subcutaneous infusion route is used for patients
  unable to take medications by mouth and who have
  poor venous access

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Intraspinal catheters

• Epidural
• Intrathecal
• Both provide superior pain control, require small
  doses, and produce longer periods of relief
  between doses while preventing many systemic side
  effects
• Alcohol must NEVER be used for site preparation
  or for accessing an intraspinal catheter. Only
  preservative-free medication can be delivered by
  the intraspinal routes.

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FDA Drug Studies

• Phase I clinical pharmacology and
  therapeuticsresearchers test the new drug or
  treatment in a small group of people. Determine
  an acceptable dosage
• Phase II initial clinical investigationevaluate
  drug efficacy, conduct a pilot study, the drug is
  given to a larger population (100 to 300)
• Phase II full-scale evaluation and treatmentthe
  drug is given to an even larger group (1,000 to
  3,000), the group is evaluated
• Phase IV postmarketing surveillancedelineate
  additional information including the drugs
  risks, benefits, and optimal use.