INDOOR AIR QUALITY

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INDOOR AIR QUALITY

• Keeping A Safe And Healthy Environment

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UNDERSTANDING IAQ

• HEALTH EFFECTS
• CAUSATIVE AGENTS
• SOURCES
• CONTROL METHODOLOGIES
• LEGISLATION

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• 1. HEALTH EFFECTS

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1. HEALTH EFFECTS

• SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)
• VS
• BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)

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1. HEALTH EFFECTS

• SICK BUILDING SYNDROME
• A PERSISTENT SET OF SYMPTOMS IN gt 20
• CAUSE(S) NOT RECOGNIZABLE
• COMPLAINTS/SYMPTOMS RELIEVED AFTER EXITING
  BUILDING

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1. HEALTH EFFECTS

• SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)
• EYE, NOSE, OR THROAT IRRITATION
• HEADACHES
• FATIGUE
• REDUCED MENTATION
• IRRITABILITY

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1. HEALTH EFFECTS

• SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)
• DRY SKIN
• NASAL CONGESTION
• DIFFICULTY BREATHING
• NOSE BLEEDS
• NAUSEA

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1. HEALTH EFFECTS

• BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS
• CLINICALLY RECOGNIZED DISEASE
• EXPOSURE TO INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS
• RECOGNIZABLE CAUSES

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1. HEALTH EFFECTS

• BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)
• PONTIAC FEVER - LEGIONELLA spp.
• LEGIONNAIRES DISEASE
• HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS
• HUMIDIFIER FEVER

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1. HEALTH EFFECTS

• BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)
• ASTHMA
• ALLERGY
• RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

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• 2. CAUSATIVE AGENTS

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2. CAUSATIVE AGENTS

• INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT TYPES
• COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
• VOLATILE CHEMICALS MIXTURES
• RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES
• RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS
• BIOLOGICS BIOAEROSOLS
• RADIONUCLIDES
• ODORS

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2. CAUSATIVE AGENTS

• COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
• CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
• OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NOX)
• OXIDES OF SULFUR (SOX)
• CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
• POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH)
• TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS

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2. CAUSATIVE AGENTS

• VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS
• ALCOHOLS - ISOPROPANOL
• ALDEHYDES - FORMALDEHYDE
• ALIPHATICS - CYCLOHEXANE
• AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - 4PC
• ESTERS - ETHYL ACETATE
• HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS - TCE

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2. CAUSATIVE AGENTS

• RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES
• ASBESTOS
• CHRYSOTILE
• AMOSITE
• CROCIDOLITE
• FIBERGLASS
• INORGANIC DUSTS (MINERAL)

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2. CAUSATIVE AGENTS

• RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES
• METALLIC DUSTS
• LEAD
• ORGANIC DUSTS
• PAPER DUSTS
• POLLEN

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2. CAUSATIVE AGENTS

• RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS
• WATER VAPOR
• CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
• ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS
• TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS

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2. CAUSATIVE AGENT

• BIOLOGICS BIOAEROSOLS
• MOLDS FUNGI
• BACTERIA
• PROTOZOA
• VIRUSES

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2. CAUSATIVE AGENTS

• RADIONUCLIDES
• RADON
• RADON PROGENY (DAUGHTERS)

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2. CAUSATIVE AGENTS

• ODORS
• ODORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANY INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT
  TYPE
• INDEPENDENTLY
• IN COMBINATION

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• 3. SOURCES

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3. SOURCE

• COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
• KEROSENE HEATERS
• LOADING DOCKS
• WOOD STOVES/UNVENTED GAS STOVES
• NEARBY TRAFFIC

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3. SOURCES

• VOLATILE CHEMICALS MIXTURES
• ADHESIVES CAULKING COMPOUNDS
• CARPETING DRAPERY
• PARTICLE BOARD

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3. SOURCES

• VOLATILE CHEMICALS MIXTURES
• FLOOR WALL COVERINGS
• PAINTS, VARNISHES AND STAINS
• UPHOLSTERY

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3. SOURCES

• RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES
• ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS)
• CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS
• OUTDOOR AIR
• PLANTS PLANT PARTS
• PRODUCTION PROCESSES

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3. SOURCES

• PARTICULATE PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE
• 4-AMINOBIPHENYL NICKEL
• ANATABINE NICOTINE
• ANILINE PHENOL
• BENZAANTHRACENE POLONIUM-210
• BENZAPYRENE QUINOLINE
• BENZOIC ACID SUCCINIC ACID
• BUTYROLACTONE 2-TOLUIDINE
• NITROSODIETHANOLAMINE CADMIUM

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3. SOURCES

• VAPOR PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE
• HYDROGEN CYANIDE ACETALDEHYDE
• ACETONE ACROLEIN
• 1,3-BUTADIENE BENZENE
• CARBON MONOXIDE FORMALDEHYDE
• DIMETHYLAMINE HYDRAZINE
• CARBONYL SULFIDE ETHANE
• METHYL CHLORIDE PYRIDINE
• AMMONIA FORMIC ACID

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3. SOURCES

• RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS
• PEOPLE
• PLANTS

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3. SOURCES

• BIOLOGICS BIOAEROSOLS
• HVAC SYSTEMS
• COOLING TOWERS
• HUMANS/ANIMALS
• STAGNANT WATER RESERVOIRS
• HUMIDIFIERS

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3. SOURCES

• RADIONUCLIDES (RADON - 222Rn)
• SOIL
• WATER
• BUILDING MATERIALS
• NATURAL GAS

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• 4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• PREVENTING IAQ PROBLEMS
• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
• EQUIPMENT
• HUMAN ACTIVITIES
• BUILDING COMPONENTS FURNISHINGS
• OTHER SOURCES
• VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS
• OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
• CONTAMINATED OUTDOOR AIR
• POLLEN, DUST, FUNGI
• INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS
• GENERAL VEHICLE EXHAUST

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
• EMISSIONS FROM NEARBY SOURCES
• PARKING LOTS/GARAGES
• LOADING DOCKS/DUMPSTERS
• RE-ENTRAINED BUILDING EXHAUST
• LOCATION OF SUPPLY INTAKES

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
• SOIL GAS
• RADON
• UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LEAKING)
• LANDFILL
• PESTICIDE APPLICATION

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
• STANDING WATER
• ROOFTOPS
• CRAWLSPACES

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• EQUIPMENT
• HVAC SYSTEM
• DUST/DIRT/GROWTH IN DUCTS
• GROWTH IN DRIP PANS
• IMPROPER USE OF BIOCIDES
• IMPROPER VENTING

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• EQUIPMENT
• NON-HVAC EQUIPMENT
• EMISSIONS FROM OFFICE EQUIPMENT
• SUPPLIES (SOLVENTS, TONERS, ETC.)
• EMISSIONS FROM LABS, CLEANING
• OTHER MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• HUMAN ACTIVITIES
• PERSONAL ACTIVIITES
• SMOKING
• COOKING
• PERSONAL HYGIENE (BODY ODORS)
• COSMETIC ODORS

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• HUMAN ACTIVITIES
• HOUSEKEEPING ACTIVIITES
• CLEANING MATERIALS
• CLEANING PROCEDURES
• STORED SUPPLIES TRASH
• DEODORIZERS FRAGRANCES

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• HUMAN ACTIVITIES
• MAINTENANCE ACTIVIITES
• COOLING TOWERS
• PAINTS, CAULKS, ETC.
• PEST CONTROL
• STORED SUPPLIES

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• BUILDING COMPONENTS FURNISHINGS
• LOCATIONS THAT COLLECT DUST
• DAMAGED MATERIALS
• UNSANITARY CONDITIONS

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• BUILDING COMPONENTS FURNISHINGS
• WATER DAMAGE
• DRY TRAPS - SEWER GAS
• CHEMICAL RELEASE OR OFF-GASING

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• OTHER SOURCES
• ACCIDENTAL EVENTS
• SPILLS
• FLOODING
• FIRE DAMAGE (PCBS)

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• OTHER SOURCES
• SPECIAL USE AREAS
• SMOKING LOUNGES
• LABORATORIES
• PRINT SHOPS
• ART ROOMS - GRAPHIC DESIGN

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• OTHER SOURCES
• SPECIAL USE AREAS
• EXERCISE ROOMS
• BEAUTY SALONS
• FOOD PREPARATION AREAS

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• OTHER SOURCES
• REDECORATING/REMODELING/REPAIR
• NEW FURNISHINGS
• DUST FIBERS FROM DEMOLITION
• ODORS VOCS (PAINT, ETC.)
• MICROBIOLOGICALS FROM DEMOLITION

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS
• ASHRAE STANDARDS (ASHRAE 62-1989)
• TEMPERATURE
• RELATIVE HUMIDITY
• MINIMUM OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTS
• CO2 LEVELS BELOW 1000 PPM

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS
• ENGINEERING CONTROLS
• MODIFY VENTILATION SYSTEM
• MODIFY PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPS
• FILTERS

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS
• ENGINEERING CONTROLS
• PRECIPITATORS
• ION GENERATORS
• HUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
• POPULATION DENSITY
• LIGHTING
• NOISE
• ERGONOMICS

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4. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

• OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
• MANAGEMENT STYLES
• MONITORED WORK STATIONS
• RE-ENTRY CRITERIA
• NO NEWS IS GOOD NEWS

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• 5. LEGISLATION

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5. LEGISLATION

• OSHA IAQ STANDARD
• LEGISLATION PENDING
• AFL-CIO PETITIONED OSHA
• 14 AFFILIATED UNIONS HAVE PETITIONS PENDING

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5. LEGISLATION

• NEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARD
• SPECIFIC TEMPERATURES
• 68 - 74.5 OF WINTER
• 73 - 79 OF SUMMER
• 30 - 60 RELATIVE HUMIDITY
• 20 CFM OUTSIDE AIR/PERSON

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5. LEGISLATION

• NEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARD
• SMOKING ROOM AIR ON SEPARATE SYSTEM
• RENOVATION - ISOLATED
• PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
• HVAC SYSTEM
• RECORD KEEPING - VENTILATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

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• THE END