Title: The Size and Distance Scale Of The Solar System
1The Size and Distance Scale Of The Solar System
EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
- Our Earth is just one of several Planets that
revolve around our Sun, the primary and central
object of our Solar System. - Since the entire Solar System, including our
Earth, was created about the same time (about 4.6
billion years ago), our understanding of the
origin and properties of the Solar System, the
Sun, and its other members are important to our
understanding of Earth itself. - We consider the size of our Earth to be very
large, in comparison with most sizes and
distances we deal with in our daily lives. - However, the size of the Earth is very small
compared to the size of the Solar System, which
consists of the Sun and its family of planets, of
which our Earth is only about average in size.
2The Size and Distance Scale Of The Solar System
- In turn, the size of our Solar System is very
large compared to the size of our Earth, or even
the largest planet, Jupiter. - The distance from our Earth to the Moon is about
238,000 miles or 384,000 kilometers (nearly 100
times Earths diameter, or about 30 times the
distance around the Earth at its equator). - The distance from our Earth to the Sun is about
93,000,000 miles or 149,600,000 kilometers (more
than 390 times the distance to the Moon). - The most distant major planet from the Sun,
Neptune, is 30 times Earths distance from the
Sun. - The nearest stars in our Galaxy, the star system
of Alpha Centauri, is 9,000 times Neptunes
distance from the Sun!
3SIZES AND DISTANCES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
- Sizes
- Diameters of Solar System Members
- Sun 1,392,000 km
- Mercury 4,878 km
- Venus 12,104 km
- Earth 12,756 km
- Mars 6,794 km
- Jupiter 142,984 km
- Saturn 120,536 km
- Uranus 51,118 km
- Neptune 49,530 km
- Pluto 2,304 km
Mean Distance from Sun
57,900,000 km 0.387 AU 108,200,000 km
0.723 AU 149,600,000 km 1.000 AU
227,900,000 km 1.524 AU 778,300,000 km
5.203 AU 1,427,000,000 km 10.07
AU 2,871,000,000 km 19.19 AU 4,497,000,000 km
30.06 AU 5,914,000,000 km 39.53 AU
Earths Moon 3,476 km Mean Distance
from Earth 384,400 km
4Earth and Moon to Scale
5Sizes and Distances in the Earth-Moon System
6Relative Sizes of Planets in Our Solar System
7The Planets of Our Solar System The Inner
Planets Sizes to Scale
Mercury Venus Earth and Moon
Mars
8The Planets of Our Solar System
The Outer Planets
Jupiter
Saturn
Earth Included for Scale.
Uranus
Pluto
Neptune
9Size Comparisons In Our Solar System
10THE SIZE AND DISTANCE SCALE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
- The distances between the members of our Solar
System are much larger than the sizes of the
members (even the Sun). - The distance from the Earth to the Sun is about
150,000,000 km (about 93,000,000 miles) in
comparison to the Suns diameter of about
1,392,000 km (about 110 times that of Earth). - The largest planet, Jupiter, is 5 times Earths
distance from the Sun, and 11 times Earths
diameter (1/10 of the Suns diameter). - The most distant major planet, Neptune, is 30
times Earths distance from the Sun. - The region beyond the orbit of Neptune, called
the Kuiper Belt, contains a large number of
smaller objects (including Pluto and at least one
recently discovered slightly larger object), all
(as yet known) smaller than our Moon. - The Kuiper Belt objects known to date can reach
distances of more than 90 times Earths distance
from the Sun.
11SIZES AND DISTANCES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
- Sizes
- Diameters of Solar System Members
- Sun 1,392,000 km
- Mercury 4,878 km
- Venus 12,104 km
- Earth 12,756 km
- Mars 6,794 km
- Jupiter 142,984 km
- Saturn 120,536 km
- Uranus 51,118 km
- Neptune 49,530 km
- Pluto 2,304 km
Mean Distance from Sun
57,900,000 km 0.387 AU 108,200,000 km
0.723 AU 149,600,000 km 1.000 AU
227,900,000 km 1.524 AU 778,300,000 km
5.203 AU 1,427,000,000 km 10.07
AU 2,871,000,000 km 19.19 AU 4,497,000,000 km
30.06 AU 5,914,000,000 km 39.53 AU
Earths Moon 3,476 km Mean
Distance from Earth 384,400 km
12Orbits of the Inner Planets
13Orbits of Jupiter and Saturn
14Orbits of the Outer Planets
15The Kuiper Belt
- The Kuiper Belt is a zone beyond the outermost
major planet, Neptune, in which many of the
comets that pass through the inner part of the
solar system travel, and may have originated in
the early years of our solar system. - Surveys of the outer part of the solar system,
beyond the orbit of Pluto, have recently found
several additional objects comparable to Pluto in
size. - Most recently, an object apparently larger than
Pluto has been found, which would (if verified)
make it the 10th planet of our solar system. - The detection of this (as yet un-named) object,
called (temporarily) UB313, was made using the
ground-based 48-inch Samuel Oschin telescope at
Palomar Observatory. - The object is 97 times Earths distance from the
Sun, or more than twice Plutos greatest
distance. - It is likely that, with continuing very deep sky
surveys with both ground-based and space-based
telescopes, that more objects of these types will
be discovered.
16Orbit of the newly discovered object, 2003 UB313,
compared to those of Pluto and the giant outer
planets. Note, the orbits of Pluto and UB313, in
red, are tilted relative to the plane of the
inner giant planet orbits.
17The Size and Distance Scale of The Solar System
- The size of our Solar System, if defined by the
diameter of Plutos orbit, is about 40 times the
diameter of Earths orbit around the Sun. - If we consider also the most distant Kuiper Belt
objects discovered to date, up to 90 times
Earths distance from the Sun, the diameter of
our solar system would be increased accordingly. - However, the distance to the nearest star other
than our Sun is vastly larger than the size of
our Solar System. - The distances to stars can be estimated by
comparing their observed brightnesses with that
of our Sun, if they are known to be similar to
our Sun in other respects (as determined, for
example, by spectroscopic measurements). - The nearest stars to our solar system, the star
system Alpha Centauri, is at a distance about
9000 times Neptunes distance, or 6800 times
Plutos maximum distance, from our Sun! - If our solar system were scaled to the size of a
quarter (with Plutos orbit about 1 inch in
diameter) the Alpha Centauri system would be at a
distance of about 285 feet!