Thought of the Day

1
Thought of the Day

• Unless you try to do something beyond what you
  have already mastered, you will never grow

2
Historical Time Line

• Hairdressing from the beginning of recorded
  history to the present

3
Objective

• The student be able to describe the early origins
  of hairstyling and barbering.

4
Cosmetology / Barbering

• This field is recognized as one of the oldest
  professions in the world
• Derived from the Greek word kosmetikos which
  means skilled in the use of cosmetics
• The term barber is derived from the Latin word
  barba which means the beard or the hair of
  the beard

5
The Glacial Age

• Haircutting and styling were practiced
• Implements
• Sharpened flints
• Oyster shells
• Bone
• Animal strips of hide
• used to tie hair or as adornment.

6
4000 B.C.

• Ancient Egyptians indicated that barbers serviced
  the priesthood and nobility in Egypt over 6000
  years age
• They were the first to use cosmetics
• personal beautification, religious ceremonies,
  and burial ceremonies
• First to cultivate beauty in an extravagant
  fashion well-versed in the art of makeup
  hairdressing

7
Prior 3000 B.C.

• Nail care
• First evidence of recorded
• Egypt and China
• Egyptian men and women of high social rank wore
  red-orange henna on their nails
• Kings and queens wore deep red
• Lower rank wore only pale colors
• The Chinese wore nails painted black or red

8
1500 B.C.

• Coloring matter made from
• Berries, Bark of trees, Minerals Insects, Nuts,
  Herbs, Leaves
• Eye paint was the most popular of all cosmetics
• 1500 B C first recorded use of henna
• Henna (dye extracted from the leaves of an
  ornamental shrub) Reddish tint to hair
• Egyptian tombs revealed combs, brushes, mirrors,
  cosmetics razors made of tempered bronze
  copper

9
500 B.C.

• Golden Age of Greece
• Hairstyling became a highly developed art

10
300 B.C.

• Hairstyling was introduced in Rome
• Women used haircolor to indicate class
• noblewomen tinted their hair red middle-class
  colored their hair blonde poor women colored
  their hair black

11
Medieval times

• (Medieval times or Middle Ages were considered to
  occur from approximately
• 500 A.D. to 1400 A.D.)
• Cosmetology and medicine were taught as combined
  subjects in English universities

12
Fourteenth century A.D.

• Transition in Western civilization from medieval
  times to modern history

13
Renaissance

• (Began in the fourteenth century and lasted into
  the seventeenth century)
• Particular emphasis was placed on physical
  appearance
• Hair was carefully dressed and ornaments and
  headdresses were worn

14
1450

• Barbering and surgery was separated by law
• With the exception of dentistry
• Barbers no longer could perform surgery
  surgeons were forbidden to act as barbers

15
1541

• Henry VIII reunited barbers and surgeons of
  London by granting a charter to the Company of
  Barber Surgeons
• Role in medical practice dwindled in importance,
  barber-surgeons still were relied on for
  dispensing medicinal herbs pulling teeth

16
Late 1700s

• Law passed officially separating barbers from
  surgeons hairstyling emerged as an independent
  profession

17
1875

• Nineteenth century an era marked by research
  and innovation
• Frenchman Marcel Grateau invented the techniques
  using irons for waving and curling hair
• This practice developed into the art of thermal
  waving, which is known today as Marcel waving.

18
1890

• Sarah Breedlove suffered from a scalp condition
  and began losing her hair
• She started experimenting with store-bought
  products and homemade remedies

19
1890

• The first hairdressing academy was opened in
  Chicago by a pair of Frenchmen, Brisbois and
  Federmeyer.

20
1892

• Frenchman Alexandre F. Goderoy invented the
  hot-blast hair dryer

21
1905 twentieth century

• Charles Nessler invented the first electric perm
  machine (fig 1-4)
• Heavily wired machine that supplied electrical
  current to metal rods
• Two methods were used to wind hair strands around
  the metal units
• Long hair
• Wound from scalp to the ends - called spiral
  wrapping
• Short hair
• Wound from the ends toward scalp called
  croquignole wrapping

22
1906

• Sarah Breedlove married her third husband, C.J.
  Walker , and was henceforth known as madam C.J.
  Walker
• She began to sell her scalp conditioning and
  healing formula, called Madam C.J. Walkers
  Wonderful Hair Grower.

23
1910

• Madam C.J. Walker moved her company to
  Indianapolis, where she built a factory, a hair
  salon, and a training school

24
1917

• Madam C.J. Walker organized a convention for her
  Madam C.J. Walker Hair Culturist Union of America

25
1931

• The preheat method of perming was introduced due
  to clients fear of being tied to an electrical
  contraption with the possibility of receiving a
  shock or burn
• Hair was wrapped using a croquignole method
• then preheated clamps were placed over the wound
  curls

26
1932

• Ralph L. Evans and Everett G. McDonough pioneered
  a method that used external heat generated by
  chemical reaction
• Small flexible pads containing a chemical mixture
  were wound around hair strands
• When pads were moistened with water, a chemical
  heat was released that created long-lasting curls
• This was the first machineless perm

27
1941

• Scientists developed another method of permanent
  waving that used waving lotion, but did not use
  heat
• It was called a cold wave and virtually replaced
  all predecessors and competitors
• The terms cold waving and permanent waving
  almost became synonymous

28
1950

• Growth and expansion occurred which were
  unrivaled by any other time in history
• Advancements in technology and innovative
  haircutting, chemical services, esthetics, and
  nail extensions occurred
• (Examples include haircutting clippers, edgers,
  facial machines, day spas, acrylic nails and
  fiberglass tips, permanent makeup, artificial
  eyelashes, and so on

29
Summary

• We have learned that hairdressing has evolved
  from the Glacial Age to the present

30
Assignment

• Why is knowing about this history and evolution
  of this industry so important to my success in
  cosmetology or a related field?
• Write a short essay to the above question.