FAMILY MATTERS Family Influence in Career Development

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FAMILY MATTERSFamily Influence in Career
Development

• Robert C. Chope, Ph.D.
• San Francisco State University
• rcchope_at_sfsu.edu

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Good Morning Madison!!
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The Doyles

• Like father like son
• Father, Judge James Doyle, ran unsuccessfully for
  governor in 1954

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Purpose of Presentation

• Provide an argument for exploring in depth family
  issues in career development.
• Create a means to organize information and ask
  personal and family related questions as an aid
  to the career development process.
• Show how cultural expectations, class, and
  ethnicity add to our understanding of family
  influences.
• Illustrate how the family can contribute to
  career development.

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Part I

• Provide an argument for exploring in depth family
  issues in career development

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Illustrations

• Four examples illustrate the point

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Jack London

• Mother Knows
• Best

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Zak Unger

• Same story
• 100 Years Later

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Wendy Wasserstein

• Mothers
• Disappointment

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George Wein

• Fathers
• Disapproval

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The Data Are In

• Family Matters

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What do families want?

• Fame?
• Al Franken, Joshua Bell, Vincent Van Gogh
• Chuck Ross resubmitted Jerry Kosinskis Steps
  which one the 1969 Nat. Book Award
• Income stability?
• Happiness?
• Community involvement?
• Dont do what I did!!

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Families influence career choices why not

• Accentuate the positive
• Understand the negative
• Let the career choice unfold like a story
• And have the client create a narrative

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Dont Work Alone, Use the Family

• Family of origin affects how people choose a
  career path
• Background, history, mobility, support,
  conflicts, nurturing and exposure to new ideas
• Families and significant others can be used in
  the career development process
• Counselors are in the village, on the team

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Family Influence Versus Happenstance

• John Krumboltz and his career development
• Serendipity Theory
• Describe three events of happenstance
• The use of mentors
• Name three important mentors

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New Models

• In and out economy-Actor model
• Organizational matrices reduce linearity
• Never ending job search-Dental model
• Buffet-Walk on Model
• Project driven work-Portfolio career model
• Imagination and Creativity are key

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Part II

• The purpose of Part II
• To create a means to organize information.
• To ask personal and family related questions as
  an aid to the career development process.

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Biography, Blogs and Tweets

• A nation of biographers
• Create chronicles and memory books
• Create web sites reflecting interest like a
  family history site
• Create a blog to discuss anything from food to
  politics
• Keep the personal network tuned in with face
  book, twitter, linked in, et al.

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E-Portfolios and Journaling

• Just write
• Discover a focus
• Contribute daily
• Look at the journey
• Give the details (like James Boswell and Samuel
  Johnson)
• Let others comment with postings

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New Focus on Context

• Peers , teachers, coaches, community officials,
  and others
• Families and interaction patterns
• The need to know yourself and your context before
  you know your career

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New Contextual Approaches

• Creating narratives, contextualizing career
  development and utilizing constructivism give
  added meaning to the counseling process

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Family Dictates Family Histories Can Be Filled
With Intrigue

• Struggle may ensue
• Two well-known examples
• Andre Agassi
• Rachel Naomi Remen

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Andre Agassi

• Reinventing success

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Portrait of Andre Agassi

• His Story Open
• Hated tennis but played to please father
• Anxiety/pressure/dropped from school
• Turned pro to a life he hated
• His drug use shows how counselors must treat more
  than the career decision
• He was able to make his career his own

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Rachel Naomi Remen

• The Jewish Doctor finds wiggle room

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Savickas Career Styles Interview

• Models-Who do you admire? Why?
• Books-Favorite book? Why?
• Magazines? (Web sites?)
• TV (Games?)
• Movies-Which on a stranded island
• Leisure-Free time activities
• School subjects

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Career Styles (cont)

• Mottos-Do you have a motto or favorite saying?
• Ambitions
• What do your parents want?
• (What do your friends want?)
• What are your ambitions?
• What do you day dream about?

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Career Styles (cont)

• Decisions- Describe an important decision you
  have made and how you were able to make it.
• Counseling moves from fit to belonging, from
  similarity to uniqueness, from interests to
  career path, discovering the hidden reasons
  that guide the story.

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Systematic Methods for Gathering Information

• Genogram
• Retrospective Questionnaires

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Career Genogram

• Picture the origin of family career expectations
  and congruence
• Family success and failure
• Patterns of career choice
• Contextual influences and genetics

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Some Questions With the Genogram

• Who do you identify with?
• Whose aspirations are similar to yours?
• What are the dominant values?
• Are there myths, ghosts, legends?
• Are there secrets?
• What are the interactions like?
• What are the pressures?

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Retrospective Questionnaires

• Amundsons Significant Other Questionnaire
• Taylors Family Work History
• Family Constellation Questionnaire
• Chopes Family Protocol

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Chope Protocol

• What kind of career related information does the
  family provide?
• What kind of tangible assistance is provided?
• What kind of emotional support is provided?

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Chope Protocol (cont)

• Is your client concerned about the impact of the
  career choice on the family?
• What disruptive events affected your client or
  other members of the family?
• What are the actions of the family members who
  are asked to help and the actions of those not
  asked to help?

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What Were the Disruptions?

• Untimely moves
• Tragedies
• Homelessness
• Incarceration
• Divorce
• Military service
• Non events

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How Does the Family Help?In Summary

• Career information possibilities, alternatives,
  traditions
• Emotional support
• Emotional pressure
• Available resources
• Networks

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Part III

• The purpose of Part III
• Show how cultural expectations, environment,
  class, and ethnicity add to understanding family
  influence.

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Diversity

• Cultural expectations
• Examples
• The Korean one year old
• The Thai Monk

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Considering Multicultural Context

• Multiethnic and diversified groups remain worse
  off than white peers
• Diminished employment opportunities are a
  significant source of stress

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Cultural Stressors

• Biological stress
• Physical stress
• Psychological stress
• Family stress
• Social stress
• Cultural stress

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Other Considerations

• Younger family members access global information
• Loss of filial piety
• Desire for autonomy, self expression, and
  individually oriented achievement
• Many witnessed family career reconstruction

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Ten Issues for Understanding Family Influence
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1 Cultural Identity

• Cultural identity in a multicolored world is
  complicated
• What is the impact of assimilation?
• Look at the questions asked about President Obama

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2 Acculturation Modes

• Acculturation vs. enculturation
• Pride vs. shame
• Inclusion vs. separation
• Adopting new values vs. holding on to indigenous
  values

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3 Demographic Environment

• What is the nature of the population in the area
  where the client resides and how representative
  is it of the client's culture?

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4 Diversity within Cultural Groupings

• Counselors need to be sensitive to variations
  within a culture.
• A broad categorization like "Latino/a" or
  "Hispanic" can be South American, Central
  American, Iberian, Cuban, Caribbean, Mexican and
  other cultures.
• Middle Eastern ethnic groups share many
  similarities in culture and traditions but have
  many differences including language (e.g. Arabic,
  Persian, Farsi, Iraqi, and Armenian) as well as
  differences in religion.

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5 Legal Status

• This is likely to be a sensitive topic for many
  immigrants. The documentation status of a person
  and the family has important implications on
  career decision making. Legal services referrals
  may be appropriate in certain circumstances.

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6 Language

• Language is an important source of identity for
  people.
• Dialect may represent identity.
• Language your client uses at home may not be
  used at work or in school.

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7 Religion

• Religious values may play an important role in
  career choices.
• People who follow a non mainstream religion may
  feel uncomfortable on the job.

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8 Attitudes About Work

• The worldview of the family and culture should
  be addressed.
• Some families want their children to earn money
  and be independent.
• Others want them to achieve.
• Others want them to refrain from drawing
  attention to themselves.

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9 Rules in the Family System

• Families may have different rules about the
  power and the influence of the extended family.
• Grandparents, aunts, cousins, and uncles may
  have a role regarding career selection and
  education different from other cultures.
• Confronting or disagreeing with parents can be
  seen as a sign of disrespect.

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10 Gender Stereotypes

• Most cultures have gender stereotypes regarding
  the roles that men and women play relative to
  work, educational experiences, and family
  responsibilities.
• Career counselors should be aware of the
  differential expectations regarding
  appropriateness of jobs for each gender.
• A most interesting question is how a womans
  success affects the family relationship.

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Part IV

• How the family can contribute to career
  development?

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Alan Louis

• Modeling

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Ryan Sadowski
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Why is this important?

• Group Decision Making
• Networking---Relocating
• Linked in, Facebook, My Space, Twitter
• Family knows you
• Reflect on pastphotos, letters, report cards,
  vacations, events, who you were

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Mattering

• People need to feel that they matter-it is why we
  visit loved ones at holidays and in hospitals
• Lowers depression and anxiety and increases
  wellness
• Fantasy has powerCold Mountain
• Practical advice is given, ideas are generated

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But families can hurt

• Destroy creativity
• Demand that you know what you are doing before
  getting started
• Demand that you not offend
• Demand that everything is run through them first
• Criticize every step of the way
• Indecision results

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How families can help

• Listen more, judge less
• Support risk taking
• Forge new connections
• Prevent career indecision
• Promote positive career beliefs

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Integrating families, teachers and counselors

• Work with English teachers to craft assignments
  about family experiences with work.
• Have the stories become a part of the students
  career planning files.
• Use technology like Youtube to find varieties of
  career experience

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Conclusion

• Exploring family influence allows for a deeper
  appreciation of the uniqueness of all clients and
  the cultures they came from and are now part of.
  
• Being aware of differential pressures on people
  and their responses to them makes a counselor
  culturally sensitive and effective.

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