Title: Artificial Intelligence in the Military
1Artificial Intelligence in the Military
- Presented by
- Carson English, Jason Lukis,
- Nathan Morse and Nathan Swanson
2Overview
- History
- Neural Networks
- Automated Target Discrimination
- Tomahawk Missile Navigation
- Ethical issues
3History
- 1918 first tests on guided missiles
- 1945 Germany makes first ballistic missile
- 1950 AIM-7 Sparrow
- fire-and-forget
4(No Transcript)
5History
- 1973 remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs)
- Used to confuse enemy air defenses
- 1983 tomahawk missile first used by navy
- Uses terrain contour matching system
- 1983 Reagan make his famous star wars speech
- 1988 U.S.S. Vincennes mistakenly destroys
Iranian airbus due to autonomous friend/foe
radar system
6History
- 1991 Smart bombs used in Gulf War to
selectively destroy enemy targets - Praised for its precision and effectiveness
7Neural Networks
- Inspired by studies of the brain
- Massively parallel
- Highly connected
- Many simple units
8Structure of a neuron in a neural net
9Neural net with three neuron layers
10Three Main Neural Net Types
- Perceptron
- Multi-Layer-Perceptron
- Backpropagation Net
11Perceptron
12Multi-Layer-Perceptron
13Backpropagation Net
14Areas where neural nets are useful
- pattern association
- pattern classification
- regularity detection
- image processing
- speech analysis
- optimization problems
- robot steering
- processing of inaccurate or incomplete inputs
- quality assurance
- simulation
15Limits to Neural Networks
- the operational problem encountered when
attempting to simulate the parallelism of neural
networks - inability to explain any results that they obtain
16Automated Target Discrimination
As researched by the Computational
NeuroEngineering Laboratory in Gainsville, FL
- SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar)
- CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate)
- QGD (Quadratic Gamma discriminator)
- NL-QGD (multi-layer perceptron)
- Example
- Results
17Synthetic Aperture Radar
- Data collection for ATD
- Self-illuminating imaging radar
- Creates a height map of a surface
- Maintains spatial resolution regardless of
distance from target - Can be used day and night regardless of cloud
cover
18Picture of SAR rendering
19Two Constant False Alarm method for determining
targets
20Quadratic Gamma discrimination
21Non Linear QGD
22Example
23Results
- After training, all three discriminators were run
on a data set representing 7km2 of terrain.
Target detection threshold was set to 100. - CAFR resulted in 4,455 false alarms.
- QGD resulted in 385 false alrams.
- NL-QGD resulted in 232 false alarms.
24Tomahawk Missile Navigation
- Missile contains a map of terrain
- Figures out its current position from percepts
(radar altimeter) - Uses a modified Gaussian least square
differential correction algorithm, a step size
limitation filter, and a radial basis function
25Weight matrix
Radial Basis Function
Gaussian Least Square Correction
Necessary Condition
Sufficient Condition
Step size limitation filter
Tolerence error 10-8
26Ethics
- Accountability
- Legal
- Political
- Example Aegis defense system shoots down an
Iranian Airbus jetliner in 1988 - Use of AI in warfare
- Ethics of Research and Development
- Potential uses
- Military Funding of AI
- Passing of the blame just doing my job
27Sources
- Target Discrimination in Synthetic Aperture
Radar (SAR) using Artificial Neural Networks
Jose C. Principe, Munchurl Kim, John W. Fisher
III. Computational NeuroEngineering Laboratory.
EB-486 Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department. University of Florida. - Sandia National Laboratories. http//www.sandia.g
ov/radar/sar.html - Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute
of Technology. http//southport.jpl.nasa.gov/desc
/imagingradarv3.html - Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
http//www.gis.wau.nl/sar/sig/sar_intr.htm