A Test Preparation

1
Pre-Apprentice Training

• A Test Preparation
• Manual for the
• Skilled Trades

2
The Authors
Jack Martin Experience includes

• Apprentice Plumber
• Apprentice Draftsman
• Classroom Teacher
• Vocational Counselor
• Director of Job Placement
• Vice President of Baker College
• Labor Management Consultant

Currently President of Jack Martin
Associates
3
The Authors
Mary Serich Teacher of Pre-Apprentice Training

• Experience includes
• Delphi Skill Center Trainer
• A. Computers
• B. Blueprint Reading
• C. Electronics
• D. Math
• E. Science
• 2) Instructor for Train-the-Trainer
  certification
• 3) B.A. in both Science and Math, M.A. in
  Technical Training

4
Presentation Goals

• To understand the Apprenticeship system and how
  it works.
• To learn the skills required to get an
  Apprenticeship.
• To help students prepare for jobs in the skilled
  trades.

5
Definition

• Apprenticeship is a system of training that
  combines on the job and classroom learning in
  order to acquire Journeyperson status.

6
Registered Apprenticeable Trades

• "900"
• According to the Department of Labor Office of
  Apprenticeship - 2007

7
Industrial Trades

• Mold Maker
• Pattern Maker
• Pipefitter
• Stationary Engineer
• Sheet Metal Worker
• Tin Smith
• Tool Designer
• Tool Maker
• Welder

• Auto/Truck Repair
• Die Designer
• Die Maker
• Draftsman
• Electrician
• Machinist
• Machine Repair
• Millwright
• Model Maker

8
Construction Trades

• Iron Worker/Structural Steel
• Millwright
• Operating Engineer
• Plasterer
• Painter/Drywall Finisher
• Plumber/Pipefitter
• Refrigeration Air Conditioning
• Roofer/Waterproofer
• Sheet Metal Worker
• Sprinkler Fitter
• Tile, Marble Terrazzo Mason

• Asbestos Worker
• Boilermaker
• Bricklayer
• Carpet/Latherer/Floor Layer
• Cement Mason
• Construction Craft Laborer
• Drywall Finisher
• Electrician
• Elevator Constructor
• Glaziers/Glass Worker

9
History of Apprenticeship

• The worlds second oldest profession
• Code of Hammurabi
• Benjamin Franklin
• Keep it in the family
• Women and minorities need not apply
• National Apprenticeship law 1937
• The modern Apprentice

10
Preparation

• Can you think of a skilled trade that does not
  require any math?
• A - All trades require basic math skills
• B - Some trades require advanced math
• C - All trades require measurement skills
• D - All trades require reading ability

11
Required Basic Math Skills

• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Division
• Fractions
• Decimals

12
Advanced Math Skills

• Algebra
• Geometry
• Trigonometry
• Graphic Math

13
Measurement Skills

• Read a ruler in both English and Metric units
• Convert from fraction measurements to decimal
  measurements and visa versa
• Round off measurements accurately

14
Reading Skills

• Reading comprehension for speed and accuracy
• Technical reading for charts, graphs, estimates,
  work orders, purchase orders, blueprints and
  problem solving.

15
Suggested High School Courses

• Shop Math
• Algebra
• Geometry
• Drafting
• Electronics
• Machine Shop
• Wood Shop

• Computers
• Welding
• Auto Shop
• Building Trades
• STRA-School to registered Apprenticeship
• Pre-Apprentice Training

16
Selection

• I. Most trades require a High School Diploma or
  GED
• II. At least 16 18 years old
• III. Test (not all trades require a test)
• A. Technical Reading
• B. Basic Math
• C. Algebra and Geometry
• D. Mechanical Comprehension
• E. Spatial Relations
• IV. Some require drug testing
• V. Some require a valid drivers license
• VI. All use an interview process

17
Training

• Apprenticeship The other four year degree
• Classroom / College credit
• On-the job / hands on
• Usually taught by a skilled trades person
• Monitored by the US Office of Apprenticeship

18
Wages

• 50 to 75 of Journeypersons starting wage
• 120,000 during Apprenticeship
• Starting Journeyperson 45,000 to 65,000
• With overtime up to 100,000

19
Earn While You Learn
20
Journeyperson Status

• Above average pay
• Good job security
• Job mobility
• Career satisfaction
• Possible self employment
• Possible to own the company

21
History of Pre-Apprentice Training

• 1964, Civil Rights legislation put pressure on
• companies to improve their skilled trades
• hiring practices.

• 1968, Flint Michigan, fewer than 2 of all
  skilled trades
• where females and people of color.

• As result, there was a need to
• provide entry level job training
• and test preparation skills.

22
Preparing Minorities and Females Applicants for
the Apprenticeship Entrance Exam
The Mott Adult Education program of the Flint
Community Schools was asked to help prepare
minority and female applicants for entry into
the General Motors apprenticeship program. Jack
Martin was the program coordinator.
23
First Course Content

• Used five different textbooks costing more than
  75
• per student. These books included
• ? Basic Math
• ? Algebra
• ? Geometry
• ? Blueprint Reading
• ? Mechanical Comprehension

• The students participated in forty-five hours of
  
• classroom study.

24
First Class Results

• Taught by journeyman machinist John Beach.

• Class was limited to minorities and females.

• Twenty-two students participated in the class
  and all
• successfully completed the apprenticeship
  test battery
• and interview process.

• Of the original twenty-two, 17 became
  apprentices and
• 15 completed the apprenticeship program
  becoming
• journeymen skilled trades workers.

• Since this initial class, approximately 200,000
  students
• have successfully used the workbook.

25
Consolidated Workbook

• In 1968, a workbook was written by Jack Martin
  and
• John Beach consolidating all five subjects
  into one book.
• Many instructors contributed to revising and
  improving
• the content.
• In 1993, Mary Serich did a complete revision and
  update
• adding a lot of new content including
• 1. Reading speed and comprehension
• 2. Ratios, proportions, and percents
• 3. Graphic math

26
2005 Content
New Chapters Added by Mary Serich

• How to Read a Ruler
• Basic Electricity
• Revised Mechanical Comprehension
• Technical Reading

27
Chapter 1 The Apprenticeship System

• Apprenticeship History
• Career Development
• Industrial Apprenticeship Programs
• Construction Apprenticeship Programs
• Related Classroom Instruction
• How to Select an Apprenticeship
• How to Apply for an Apprenticeship
• How to Improve your Chances of Being Hired

28
Chapter 2 Whole Numbers

• A review of basic math skills including
• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Division

• The emphasis is NOT on learning the
• skills, but increasing speed and
  efficiency.

• Most mistakes made on timed tests are in the
  basic
• arithmetic. We tend to speed through the
  simple stuff. These careless simple mistakes can
  make the difference
• between passing the test or not.

29
Whole Numbers Practice Test Answers
3) 800 x 9 a) 7200 b) 8100 c) 7400
d) none of the above 4) 40 3 a) 13.13
b) 13.03 c) 13 1/3 d) none of the above

• 1) 2 8 5 7 2 1
• a) 23
• b) 24
• c) 15
• d) none of the above
• 2) 388 99
• a) 287
• b) 288
• c) 289
• d) none of the above

30
Chapter 3 Fractions and Decimals Practice Test
Answer

Fractions are a good example of, If you dont
use it you lose it.
31
Chapter 3 Fractions and Decimals Practice Test
Answer
6) Arrange the following socket wrenches in order
from largest to smallest 1/2 , 3/16 , 5/8 ,
1/4 a) 5/8, 1/2, 1/4, 3/16 b) 3/16,
1/2, 5/8, 1/4 c) 1/2, 3/16, 5/8, 1/4 d)
none of the above
32
Chapter 3 Fractions and Decimals Practice Test
Answer
25 32 5 8

• 7) Solve and reduce
• a) 5/32
• b) 5/8
• c) 1 1/4
• d) none of the above

33
Chapter 3 Fractions and Decimals Practice Test
Answer

8) Arrange these decimals in order from smallest
to largest. .76, .7, .076, .071
a) .76, .7, .076, .071 b) .7, .071,
.076, .76 c) .071, .076, .7, .76 d)
none of the above
Think of decimal numbers in terms of money
(something we are very familiar with) and they
make sense.
34
Chapter 4 Reading a Ruler English
Metric Practice Test Answer

9) Write the English measurements indicated on
the following diagram (Reduce answers when
possible)
A 3/4" B 1 5/16" C 1 13/16" D
2 5/8"
35
Chapter 4 Reading a Ruler continued

• Chapter 4 also includes
• Reading Metric measurements
• Solving problems with fraction measurements
• A) Addition
• B) Subtraction
• C) Multiplication
• D) Division
• Calculation of dimensions on diagrams

36
Chapter 5 Ratios, Proportions
Percents Practice Test Answer

Ratio 10) A local factory employs 50 salaried
workers and 575
hourly workers. What is the ratio of salaried
workers to the total number of workers in the
plant? 575 Hourly 50 Salaried 625 Total
employees Salary Total employees 50625
225 a) 2 25 b) 2 23 c) 1 75
d) none of the above
37
Chapter 5 Ratios, Proportions
Percents Practice Test Answer
a) 330 miles b) 420 miles c) 680 miles
d) none of the above
38
Chapter 5 Ratios, Proportions
Percents Practice Test Answer

• Percent
• If daily production of a stamping plant is
  136,000 parts and the average amount of scrap is
  3, how many bad parts are produced in one day?
• Well, 1 of 136,000 is 1360, so 3 times
  1360 is 4080.
• 3 of 136,000 4080 bad parts per day

a) 4080 bad parts b) 408 bad parts c)
4800 bad parts d) none of the above
39
Chapter 6 Directed Numbers Practice Test Answer

13) Solve and reduce
a) 1/8 b) -1/4
c) -1/2 d) none of the above
2 16 -1 2
40
Chapter 7 Algebra Practice Test Answer

• 14) Solve for C 4 C 10
• a) 14
• b) 4
• c) 6
• d) none of the above

41
Chapter 7 Algebra
Also Included in the Algebra Chapter 1)
Equations (solving for an unknown) n 4 2)
Formulas n y x
d 3) Plotting points, graphing an
equation Draw the graph of x y 8.
n 12
42

Chapter 7 Algebra continued

• Word Problems
• Approximately how many 12 x 12 tiles are
  required to cover a 10 x 10 floor?
• 10 x 10 100 sqft
• One 12 x 12 tile covers 1 sqft, so you need at
  least 100 tiles
• Powers and roots
• 4a3b2
• 2a2b2
• Factoring equations and the FOIL method to solve
  trinomials
• multiply (5x 2)(2x 1) 10x2 x 2
• Solving number and letter sequences
• 7 8 22 9 10 21 11 12

9x2 3x 16 4
20
43
Chapter 7 Algebra Practice Test Answer

• 15) Three consecutive numbers total 12. What is
  the lowest of the three numbers?
• x x 1 x 2 12
• 3x 3 12
• 3x 9
• x 3
• a) 3
• b) 2
• c) 6
• d) none of the above

44
Chapter 7 Algebra Practice Test Answer

• 16) Multiply (y z)(y z)
• a) 2y 2z
• b) y2 z2
• c) 2y 2z
• d) none of the above

45
Chapter 7 Algebra Practice Test Answer

• 17) What is the next number in the sequence?
• 25 100 300 600 600 - ____
• a) 0
• b) 1200
• c) 800
• d) none of the above

46
Chapter 8 Geometry

• Contents include
• Definitions
• Points, lines, and angles
• Angles and Degrees
• Polygons
• Geometric Propositions

If lt CAB 45 Find lt CBA lt CBA 45
47
Chapter 9 Graphic Math

Use above drawing for questions 7 14. X is a
bolt, Y and Z are nuts, and W is a washer. Solve
for dimension A. Solve for the area of
the washer. (a) 1.00 (a) 0.785
(b) 0.50 (b) 0.835 (c)
0.75 (c) 0.589 (d) 2.25
(d) 0.625 (e) none (e) none
48
Chapter 10 Spatial Skills

• Orthographic projection
• 3 view drawings
• Surface identification
• Rotated/Flipped timed test
• Same object/ Different object timed test
• Box folding and unfolding timed test

49
Chapter 10 Spatial Skills
Example of 3 view drawing
One of the views below is not complete, fill in
the missing lines.
50
Chapter 10 Spatial Skills
51
Chapter 10 Spatial Skills
52
Chapter 11 Basic Electricity Practice Test Answer

• 18) If bulb A burns out, which bulbs
• will remain lit?
• a) bulb C
• b) bulbs B, C and D
• c) bulb B
• d) none

53
Chapter 11 Basic Electricity

• Also Included in the Basic Electricity Chapter
• Electronic terminology
• Series Circuits
• Parallel Circuits
• Ohms Law and dc Circuits
• Simple Electrical Diagrams

54
Chapter 12 Mechanical Comprehension

• Natural Physics
• Forces and Motion Force vectors,
• and calculation of the resultant vector
• Speed
• Inertia
• Gravity
• Weight and Mass
• Center of Gravity
• Density
• Acceleration
• Action and Reaction
• Fluid Power

55
Chapter 12 Mechanical Physics

• Mechanical Physics
• The Six Simple Machines
• Calculation of Mechanical Advantage
• The Law of Simple Machines
• Pulleys
• Gear Trains and Belt-Driven Pulleys

56
Chapter 13 Technical Reading

• Timed reading tests, practice technical tests
• Construction Fasteners
• Estimation of materials for rough framing a
  room
• Quality Control Charts
• Reading information from a line graph

57
Chapter 14 Test Taking Techniques

Tips to study and prepare for taking any timed
test
58
Chapter 15 Apprentice Selection Interview

• Preparing for the Interview
• The Actual Interview
• Anticipating Question During the Interview
• Following Directions

59
Follow-up Studies

• By 1973, five years after the initial class,
  minority and
• female participation in the Flint area
  skill trades
• increased from 2 to 18.

2. Pre and Post Test Scores improved by more
than 30.
3. Other programs using this workbook continue
to show marked improvement in test scores.
4. Instructors using the workbook continue to
give it outstanding ratings for content and
ease of use.
60
Examples of Organizations Using the Book

• Adult Education Programs
• Hard Hatted Women
• CISCO
• PSEG
• Urban League
• Job Corp
• School to Work Programs
• Labor Unions
• Indian Reservations
• Community Colleges
• Public Schools
• Libraries
• Canadian Schools

61
Benefits of Pre-Apprenticeship Training

• Training opens the door to higher paying jobs.
• People become more confident and lead better
  lives.
• Teachers have the satisfaction of knowing they
  made a difference.
• Provides each applicant with an equal opportunity
  for success.

62
Future Vision

• Library placement expanded
• Curriculum adaptation at the High School level
• Career development promoted through High School
  counselors
• Continue to support all apprenticeship applicants

63
Pre-Apprenticeship Training
A workbook designed to help students prepare to
pass entrance examinations for the skilled
trades. Written by Jack Martin and Mary Serich