CIVIL AIR PATROL

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CIVIL AIR PATROL United States Air Force
Auxiliary Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama
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DisclaimerThis presentation is for the
exclusive use of the Civil Air Patrol and is not
to be used for sale or profit.
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AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AND AIRPORTS

• Aerospace Dimensions

MODULE 2
By Patrick B. Smith, Washington Wing, CAP
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Chapter 1 - Airplane Systems

• Upon completion of this chapter, the cadet should
  know
• Explain how a reciprocating engine operates
• Identify parts of the airplane engine when viewed
  externally
• Describe how a jet engine operates
• Identify basic cockpit-mounted power-plant
  controls.
• Identify basic flight instruments

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Important Terms - Speaking the Language of
Airplane Systems

• power-plant - a term which applies to the
  airplanes engine and its accessories
• reciprocating - a type of engine that processes
  air and fuel by a back and forth movement of its
  internal parts
• cycle - a recurring series of event. The
  airplane engine has four cycles intake,
  compression, power and exhaust
• combustion - the chemical process of burning
• combustion chamber - an enclosed container in
  which fuel and air are burned for the production
  of energy
• stroke - the movement of the piston, within the
  combustion chamber, to its limits

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Important Terms - Speaking the Language of
Airplane Systems

• compression - the act of making a given volume of
  gas smaller
• stoichiometric - a ration of fuel to air in
  which, upon combustion, all the fuel is burned
• rich mixture - a mixture of gasoline an air in
  which there is more gasoline and less air than
  needed for normal combustion
• lean mixture - a mixture of gasoline and air in
  which there is less fuel and more air
• fuel - a chemical substance which is used as a
  source of energy
• meter/metering - the process of allowing a
  precise amount of fuel to pass

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THE AIRPLANES ENGINE

• Every internal combustion engine must have
  certain basic parts in order to change heat into
  mechanical energy. These are the cylinder,
  intake valve, exhaust valve, piston and
  connecting rod.

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Modern Aircraft Powerplant Operation
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Modern Aircraft Powerplant Operation

• Cylinder Arrangements

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Converting Chemical Energy to Mechanical Energy
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Comparing the Reciprocating, Jet and Rocket
Engines
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Comparing the Reciprocating, Jet and Rocket
Engines
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Comparing the Reciprocating, Jet and Rocket
Engines
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The Chemistry of Power
An airplane engine is a heat engine. IT
converts heat energy into mechanical energy and
its the mechanical energy that turns a propeller.
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The Gravity System Common General Aviation
Aircraft
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The Pitot-Static System
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Pratt Whitney F100-PW-229
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Airplane Instrumentation
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The Cessna 182s Flight Deck
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The Larger the Aircraft, the Flight Instruments
Remain Basically the Same Like in this B-36J
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The Flight Engineers Station on the B-36J. The
Invention of the Jet Engine eliminated over 200
Individual Instruments.
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Douglas DC-8s Front Office
The Boeing 747s
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The instruments may not change, but their form
sure has. The mechanical dials and gauges are
replaced with computer screens and digital
displays. Take a look at the Next Generation
Glass Cockpit on the Boeing 777.
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Chapter 2 - Airports

• Upon completion of this chapter, the cadet should
  know
• Explain the basic layout of a general aviation
  airport
• Identify taxiway and runway signs and markings
• Explain the role of the Federal Aviation
  Administration in controlling air traffic
• Identify the different phases of the flight
  profile
• List the phonetic alphabet

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Important Terms - The Language of Airports

• ATC - air traffic control
• beacon - a tower-mounted, large rotating light
  at an airport
• controlled airport - an airport with an operating
  control tower
• control tower - a structure that houses air
  traffic controllers
• course - the intended path of flight, measured in
  angular degrees from true or m magnetic north
• FAA - Federal Aviation Administration
• FSS - Flight Service Station

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Important Terms - The Language of Airports

• heading - the direction that an airplane points,
  with respect to true or magnetic north,
  including any wind displacement
• noise abatement - a policy set forth by a
  governing body that controls the noise impact
  upon a community surrounding an airport
• ramp - the airports parking lot
• runway - a dedicated pathway for taking off and
  landing airplanes
• runway heading - a magnetic number that
  corresponds with the runway
• segmented circle - a set of indicators, usually
  surrounding an airports wind sock, that provide
  traffic pattern information to a pilot in the air

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The Airport Environment

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THE FLIGHT PROFILE
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RUNWAY MARKINGS
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RUNWAY MARKINGS
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AIRPORT LIGHTING
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WIND DIRECTION INDICATORS
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RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AT AIRPORTS

• ALFA
• BRAVO
• CHARLIE
• DELTA
• ECHO
• FOXTROT
• GOLF
• HOTEL
• INDIA

• JULIET
• KILO
• LIMA
• MIKE
• NOVEMBER
• OSCAR
• PAPA
• QUEBEC
• ROMEO

• SIERRA
• TANGO
• UNIFORM
• VICTOR
• WHISKEY
• XRAY
• YANKEE
• ZULU

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Chapter 3 - Airport to Airport - Aeronautical
Charts

• Upon completion of this chapter, the cadet should
  know
• Describe the basic layout of a sectional chart
• Explain the sectional chart legend
• Identify latitude and longitude lines
• Identify features such as railroads, pipelines,
  obstructions and highways
• Identify all of the information given about an
  airport

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Important Terms - The Language of Charts

• cartography - the art and science of creating
  charts and maps
• chart - a projection, usually on paper, showing a
  body of land and other features such as water.
  The chart gives information, usually in the form
  of symbols, graphs or illustrations
• fix- the intersection of two lines of position
• latitude - a system of lines that run parallel to
  the equator, also know as parallels
• line of position (LOP) - the concept that an
  airplane is located somewhere along a given line
• longitude - a system of lines, know as meridians,
  between the north and south poles
• map - a representation of the surface of the
  Earth (or of the sky/space above
• nautical mile - a unit of length that is
  approximately 3076 feet

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Important Terms - The Language of Charts

• projection - a method of transferring a portion
  of the Earths surface onto a flat chart. The
  most widely used in aeronautical charts is the
  Lambert Conformal Conic
• relief - a term used to describe elevations. A
  relief is depicted by color tints, contour lines
  and shading
• sectional - a chart specifically designed for
  aviation use and Visual Flight Rules. The scale
  is 1500,000 or approximately 8 statute miles to
  one inch
• scale - the size of an item, ore area, on a
  chart, compared to it in actuality
• statute mile - a unit of length that is 5,280
  feet
• tick - a small, or abbreviated mark on a line
• WAC - World Aeronautical Chart. Covers a larger
  area than the sectional chart. The scale is
  11,000,000 or 16 statute miles per one inch

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A SYSTEM OF GLOBAL ORGANIZATION
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Sectional Aeronautical Charts
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Sectional Aeronautical Charts
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The Legend and Its Symbols
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MAY YOU ALMOST ALWAYS NEVER FLY HORIZONTAL!
Are there any questions?