Mesopotamia

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The Ancient Middle East
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1. Mesopotamia "Land Between the Two Rivers"
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Indo-European Migrations 4m-2m BCE
The Middle East The Crossroads of Three
Continents
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The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area
The Middle East The Cradle of Civilization
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Sumerians
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Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic
Enki
Innana
Appeasement of the gods
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Ziggurat at Ur

• Monumental Architecture a hallmark of
  civilization

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Mesopotamian Trade
The Cuneiform World
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TechnologyCuneiform Wedge-Shaped Writing
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Cuneiform Writing
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Sumerian Cylinder Seals
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Gilgamesh The First Literature
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The Royal Standard of Ur Circa 2600 BCE
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Mesopotamian Harp
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Board Game From Ur
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Sophisticated Metallurgy Skillsat Ur
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Sargon of AkkadThe Worlds First Empire
Akkadians
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The Babylonian Empires
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Hammurabis r. 1792-1750 B. C. E. Code
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Hammurabi, the Judge
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• Important Facts
• Difficult geography for farming unpredictable
  rivers
• Open geography led to invasions
• Open geography led to trade and exchange of ideas
• FIRSTS agriculture, Writing, wheel, cities,
  base-60 counting , literature

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2. The Ancient Egyptians
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A View of Egypt by Satellite
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The Fertile Nile Valley
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The Annual Flooding of the Nile
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Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
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Menes Unifier of Upper Lower Egypt
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
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Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life
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Making Ancient Egyptian Beer
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Egyptian Social Hierarchy
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Egyptian Priestly Class
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Egyptian Scribe
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Papyrus ? Paper
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Papyrus Plant
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Hieroglyphics Alphabet
24 letters 700 phonetic symbols
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Materials Used in Mummification
1. Linen
6. Natron2. Sawdust
7. Onion3. Lichen
8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax
9. Linen Pads5. Resin
10. Frankinsense
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Preparation for the Afterlife
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Egyptian Mummies
Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E.
Seti I1291-1278 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C.
E.
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Egyptian Book of the Dead
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The Final Judgement
Anubis
Horus Osiris
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Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
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Giza Pyramid Complex
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Important Facts

• Calm environment and protected geography better
  view of afterlife and gods
• Also allows Egypt to unify under 1 government
• Trade and exchange occurred south to Nubia and
  East to Mesopotamia