Computer Concepts Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

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Computer Concepts - Illustrated Introductory,
Seventh Edition

• UNIT B
• Computer Hardware

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Objectives

• Examine input devices
• Review display devices
• Compare printers
• Introduce storage technology
• Compare storage technologies

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Objectives

• Explore hard drive technology
• Examine CDs and DVDs
• Review solid-state storage
• Expand your computer
• Talking Points Why recycle computers?

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Examining Input Devices

• Input devices - input information for computer to
  process
• Typical input devices
• Keyboard and pointing device (mouse)

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Examining Input Devices

• Keyboards
• Most have a similar structure
• Can be found on PCs, handheld devices
• Keyboard includes keys or buttons with letters,
  numbers, and special words and characters

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Examining Input Devices

• Desktop and notebook computer keyboards include
  Navigation keypad
• Home, End, arrow keys
• Used to move screen-based insertion point
  (cursor)

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Examining Input Devices

• Mouse
• Pointing device which manipulates an on-screen
  pointer and other on-screen controls

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Examining Input Devices

• Mouse options -
• Mechanical mouse
• Position based on movement of ball that rolls on
  pad
• Optical mouse
• Uses LED light and computer chip
• Laser mouse
• Uses laser as light source to track movement

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Examining Input Devices

• Mouse dots per inch (dpi)
• Higher dpi more sensitive and accurate
• Mouse transmits signals one of two ways
• Wired or Wireless
• Most prefer optical or laser
• Durability
• Less maintenance
• Can be used on variety of surfaces

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Examining Input Devices

• Other pointing devices
• Pointing stick or TrackPoint
• Touchpad or trackpad
• Trackball
• Joystick

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Examining Input Devices

• Other input devices
• Touch screen technology
• Scanner
• Microphone

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Reviewing Display Devices

• Computer display system
• Main output device
• Two key components
• Graphics card
• Display device such as monitor or screen
• Use one of three technologies
• CRT, LCD, plasma

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Reviewing Display Devices

• CRT Monitor(cathode ray tube)
• used to be standard
• Big and bulky
• Not typically sold with new computers today

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Reviewing Display Devices

• LCD (liquid crystal display)
• Produces image by manipulating light within layer
  of crystal cells
• Advantages include
• Display clarity
• Low radiation emission
• Portability and compactness

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Reviewing Display Devices

• Plasma
• Creates on-screen image by illuminating miniature
  colored fluorescent lights arrayed in panel-like
  screen
• More expensive than LCD
• Used more for large screen venues

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Reviewing Display Devices

• Graphics cards
• Contain graphics processing units (GPU)
• Circuitry generates signals for displaying image
  on screen
• Amount of available video memory
• Key to how fast screen updates when information
  is displayed
• Typically built into motherboard
• Sometimes available as small circuit board that
  plugs into motherboard

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Reviewing Display Devices

• Graphics card - key to how images display on
  monitor
• Resolution
• Maximum number of horizontal and vertical pixels
  displayed on screen
• Pixel (picture element)
• single point or smallest unit in image

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Reviewing Display Devices
Comparing Screen Resolution
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Reviewing Display Devices

• Screen size
• Measurement in inches from one corner of screen
  diagonally to opposite corner
• Typical monitor sizes
• 13 to 21
• Larger screens exist
• Viewing angle width
• How far to side you can clearly see screen image

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Reviewing Display Devices

• Dot pitch (dp)
• Measure of image clarity
• Smaller dp means crisper image
• Dot pitch - distance in millimeters between
  like-colored pixels
• Ranges from .26 mm to .23 mm
• Not customizable

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Reviewing Display Devices

• Color depth or bit depth
• Number of colors monitor and graphics card can
  display
• Most PCs can display millions of colors
• Monitors can be used to watch television
• if proper circuitry is installed
• NTSC or HDTV circuitry
• Allows PC to accept signals from antenna or cable

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Comparing Printers

• Printers
• Produce hard copy of computer-generated text or
  graphical images
• Paper, labels, transparencies
• Differ in resolution and speed
• Most printers use ink-jet or laser technologies
• Specialized applications
• Impact, solid ink, thermal transfer, dye
  sublimation

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Comparing Printers

• Ink-jet printers
• Sprays ink onto paper to form characters and
  graphics
• Two ink cartridges Black and color
• Small, lightweight, inexpensive
• Cartridges can be expensive and add to printing
  costs

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Comparing Printers

• Laser printer
• Produces dots of light on light sensitive drum to
  produce characters and graphics
• Good high-volume, good quality printing
• More expensive than ink-jet
• Color laser printers more expensive than
  black-and-white
• Toner cartridges are expensive, produce more
  pages than ink-jet cartridges

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Comparing Printers

• Photo printers
• Use thermal dye
• Slower output speeds than other printers
• Produce professional-quality images on
  specialized papers
• Cost of replacement cartridges should be
  considered

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Comparing Printers

• Printer resolution
• Density of grid of dots that create image
• Measured in dpi (dots per inch)
• At reading distance, 900 dpi looks solid
• Good-quality printers are rated 2400 to 4800 dpi
• Magazine quality printouts are about 900 dpi
• Expensive coffee-table books are comparable to
  2400 dpi or higher

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Comparing Printers

• Pages per minute (ppm)
• Measurement of printer speed
• Color usually takes longer to print than
  black-and-white
• Text prints faster than heavy graphics
• Most printers for personal or small business
  print 15 to 30 ppm
• Memory capacity
• More memory needed to print color and graphics
• Laser printers Between 64 MB and 120 MB

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Comparing Printers

• Duplex printer
• Can print both sides of paper
• Duty cycle
• Proportion of time during which device is
  operated
• Usually measured in pages per month
• Higher duty cycle means shorter useful life

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Comparing Printers

• Computer connected to network can share printer
  with other computers on network
• Network-enabled printer
• Connects directly to network, not single computer
• Network connection can be wired or wireless

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Introducing Storage Technology

• Storage technology
• Data storage systems that allow electronic
  devices to store and retrieve data
• Data storage consists of storage medium and
  storage device

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Introducing Storage Technology

• Storage medium
• Hard drive, tape, memory card, CD, DVD or other
  technology that holds data

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Introducing Storage Technology

• Storage device
• Equipment that stores and retrieves data from
  storage medium
• Hard drives, card readers, tape drives, CD and
  DVD drives, flash drives, solid-state drives, Zip
  drives

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Introducing Storage Technology

• Hard drive
• Computers come with internal hard drive
• Cant be moved from one computer to another
• Provide fast data access
• Some storage devices are more dependable than
  others
• CDs, DVDs
• Flash drives and external hard drives
• Can be moved from computer to computer

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Introducing Storage Technology

• RAM (random access memory)
• Temporary holding area for your work and programs
  needed to produce your work
• RAM - emptied when computer shuts off
• Data easily lost
• Store data on storage medium, not as likely to
  lose work

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Introducing Storage Technology

• Drive bays
• Storage parking spaces
• In system unit case
• Used to connect storage devices to computer
• Internal or external
• When buying computer, find out
• How many drive bays it has
• What storage devices can be connected

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Introducing Storage Technology

• Drive bays

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Comparing Storage Technologies

• Random vs. sequential access
• Random (direct) access
• Ability to jump directly to requested data
• Hard drive, solid-state drive, CD and DVD drives
• Sequential access
• Must read through data from beginning to end
• Tape drive
• Slower

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Comparing Storage Technologies

• Access time
• Average time it takes computer to locate and read
  data
• Measured in milliseconds
• Data transfer rate
• Amount of data that can be moved from storage
  medium to computer per second

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Comparing Storage Technologies

• Storage capacity
• Maximum amount of data that can be stored on
  storage medium
• Measured in kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB),
  gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)
• Graphics need more storage capacity than text

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Comparing Storage Technologies

• Magnetic storage
• Magnetizes microscopic particles on disk or tape
  surface
• Particle patterns are interpreted as 0s and 1s
• Provides flexibility for editing data and reusing
  storage medium

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Comparing Storage Technologies

• Magnetic media
• No very durable
• Eventually loses magnetic field
• Damaged by magnetic fields, dust, mold, smoke,
  heat, mechanical problems

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Comparing Storage Technologies

• Optical storage
• Stores data as light and dark spots on surface of
  disk
• Light patterns are interpreted as 1s and 0s
• Advantages
• Portable
• Quite versatile
• Less susceptibleto environmental damage

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Comparing Storage Technologies

• Solid-state storage
• Stores data in nonvolatile, erasable, low-power
  chip
• Drive has no moving parts
• Very durable, portable, versatile
• Capacity does not currently match that of hard
  drives

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Comparing Storage Technologies

• Why Versatility?
• Important working with other people and other
  computers
• Store data and share with others using same
  storage medium
• Why Durability?
• Determines ability of device or media to last so
  data remains accessible
• Important for traveling and carrying files

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Exploring Hard Drive Technology

• Hard drives preferred type of main storage
• Three main reasons
• Storage capacity
• Fast access
• Economical
• 40 MG of storage costs about a penny

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Exploring Hard Drive Technology

• Parts of hard drive
• One or more platters on spindle with associated
  read-write heads

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Exploring Hard Drive Technology

• Hard drives found in wide variety of digital
  devices
• Physical size of hard drive varies depending on
  size of device

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Exploring Hard Drive Technology

• Factors that determine how fast data can be made
  available
• Access time (measures in milliseconds)
• Rotation speed (measured in revolutions per
  minute)
• Hard drive platters with data are divided into
  tracks and sectors
• Cylinder
• Vertical stack of tracks

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Exploring Hard Drive Technology

• Controller
• Circuit board that positions disk, locates data,
  and interfaces with components on system board

Hard drive showing Controller card
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Exploring Hard Drive Technology

• Adding second hard drive increases storage,
  provides backup
• Data available on only one drive at a time
• Hard drives
• Not as durable as many other storage technologies
• Head crash can be caused by particles as small as
  piece of dust
• Handle and transport with care
• Always have backup copies of hard drive

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Examining CDs and DVDs

• CDs and DVDs can be used to store data
• CD (compact disc)
• DVD (digital video disc or digital versatile
  disc)
• Three optical digital technologies
• Read-only (ROM)
• Recordable
• Rewritable

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Examining CDs and DVDs

• CD-ROM
• Read-only technology
• CD-R
• Recordable technology
• CD-RW
• Rewritable technology

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Examining CDs and DVDs

• DVD-R and DVDR
• Recordable DVD formats
• DVD-RW and DVDRW
• Rewritable formats
• Why so many?
• One standard has not emerged as industry leader

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Examining CDs and DVDs

• Computer CD-ROM or DVD-ROM
• Discs cannot have data added, erased, or changed
• To record data one or more times
• Need recordable media (one time use)
• Rewritable (multiple session use) discs

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Examining CDs and DVDs

• Good idea to have CD or DVD drive
• Create music CDs or DVDs
• CD drives cant read DVDs
• Most DVDs can read DVDs or CDs
• Several types of CD and DVD drives
• Can be used for different purposes

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Examining CDs and DVDs
CD or DVD Drive Capabilities
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Examining CDs and DVDs

• Rewritable CD and DVD drives
• Not acceptable replacement for hard drive
• Saving, accessing, modifying data is much slower
• Capacity is inadequate when compared to hard
  drives

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Examining CDs and DVDs

• CD and DVD drives use laser technology to read
  data

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Examining CDs and DVDs

• Make your own CDs
• Need proper hardware, media
• CD-R or DVD-R
• Must put all data on disc in one session
• Rewritable technology
• Can record in multiple sessions

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Examining CDs and DVDs

• Handling CDs and DVDs

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Reviewing Solid-State Storage

• Solid-state storage
• Portable and durable
• Provides fast data access
• Uses very little power
• Used in consumer devices
• Digital cameras, MP3 players, notebooks, PDAs,
  cell phones

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Reviewing Solid-State Storage

• Solid-state storage suitable for many needs
• Can hold hundreds of photos
• Store MP3 files
• Portable computing
• Data can be erased so card can be reused

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Reviewing Solid-State Storage

• How does it work?
• Nonvolatile, erasable, low-power chip stores data
• Circuitry arranged in grid
• Each cell holding transistors that act as gates
• Open gates represent 1, closed represents 0
• Chip retains data without external power

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Reviewing Solid-State Storage

• Several types of solid-state memory cards
• CompactFlash cards (CF)
• MultiMedia cards (MMC)
• SecureDigital cards (SD)
• SmartMedia cards

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Reviewing Solid-State Storage

• Card reader
• Transfers data to and from computer
• Can stand alone, or be part of system unit

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Reviewing Solid-State Storage

• USB flash drive
• Portable storage device with built-in connector
  that plugs into USB port
• Small and durable
• Can be carried on key ring
• U3 drive or U3 smart drive
• Special USB flash drive preconfigured to play
  automatically when connected to computer

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Expanding Your Computer

• Expanding
• Increase / improve capabilities of computer
• Add peripherals
• Scanners, mouse, cameras, graphics tablets, etc.
• Add or upgrade sound cards, video cards, etc.

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Expanding Your Computer

• Most peripherals can be added using external USB
  port

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Expanding Your Computer

• Expansion cards can be added / upgraded to
  enhance functionality
• Graphics card
• Modem card
• Sound card
• Network card
• Also called expansion boards, controller cards,
  or adapters

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Expanding Your Computer

• An expansion card
• Small circuit board that provides computer
  ability to control input, storage, or output
  devices
• Data bus
• Circuits over which data travels from one
  component to another

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Expanding Your Computer

• Expansion bus
• Segment of data bus between RAM and peripheral
  devices
• Allows data to travel through expansion slots,
  cards, ports, and cables

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Expanding Your Computer

• Expansion slot
• Long, narrow socket on motherboard into which
  expansion card is plugged
• PCMCIA slot
• External expansion slot for PC

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Expanding Your Computer

• Expansion ports
• Connectors that pass data in and out of computer
  or peripheral device

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Expanding Your Computer

• Device driver
• Software that sets up communication between
  computer and device or card
• Each device or card needs one
• Directions supplied with device or card includes
  instructions for installing device driver

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Talking PointsWhy recycle computers?

• 500 million computers were obsolete by 2007
• About 1 billion floppy discs, CDs, and DVDs end
  up in landfills every year
• Computer parts contain toxins like lead,
  phosphorous, and mercury
• Monitors can contain up to six pounds of lead

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Talking PointsWhy recycle computers?

• Instead of throwing away
• Sell it
• Donate it to school, church, or community program
• Have it hauled away by professional recycling
  firm
• Send it back to manufacturer

Computer Concepts Illustrated Introductory,
Seventh Edition