Vaccine Screening and Administration

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Vaccine Screening and Administration

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What is Seasonal Inactivated Influenza Vaccine?

• The seasonal influenza vaccine is an inactivated
  vaccine.
• Seasonal influenza vaccine always contains
  multiple influenza virus strains annually such
  as
• Influenza A Virus
• Influenza B Virus
• H1N1 Virus
• Virus strains are selected based on forecasts of
  which strains are most likely to cause illness in
  the coming season.
• It takes up to 2 weeks for protection to develop
  after receiving the vaccine.
• The protection lasts for one year.
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
  Diseases. Flu (Influenza). www.niaid.nih.gov/topi
  cs/Flu/understandingFlu/Pages/definitionsOverview.
  aspx (assessed 2012 June 1).

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Who Should Receive the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine?

• Everyone 6 months of age and older.
• Particularly Vulnerable Populations
• Healthcare Workers
• Pregnant women
• Residents of a nursing home or chronic care
  facility
• Immunocompromised (cancer, HIV, organ transplant)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  Seasonal influenza (flu). www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfact
  s.htm (assessed 2012 June 1).

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What is Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine?

• The pneumococcal vaccine is a purified capsular
  polysaccharide antigen derived from 23 types of
  pneumococcus.
• Those 23 strains/serotypes of pneumococcus
• Account for 88 of bacteremic pneumococcal
  disease.
• Cross-react with types causing an additional 8
  of disease.
• Most healthy adults who get the vaccine develop
  protection to most or all of the 23 serotypes
  within 2 to 3 weeks of vaccination.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Pneumococcal disease. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pi
nkbook/downloads/pneumo.pdf. (accessed 2012 June
1).
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Who Should Receive the Pneumococcal Vaccine?

• People 65 years of age and older.
• People 2-64 years of age with high-risk
  conditions such as
• Chronic heart, lung, kidney, liver disease
• Diabetes, alcoholism, sickle cell anemia
• Compromised immunity (cancer,
• HIV, organ transplant)
• Prior splenectomy
• Cerebrospinal fluid leaks
• People 19-64 years of age who
• Have asthma
• Smoke cigarettes

Colorado Adult Immunization Coalition. Pneumonia.
www.mmunizecolorado.com/vaccines/pneumonia
(accessed 2012 June 1).
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What are the Benefits of Influenza and
Pneumococcal Vaccination?

• Protects against invasive disease
• ? Risk of respiratory failure or other
  complications from pneumonia
• ? Morbidity and mortality
• ? Hospitalizations and ICU admits
• Associated with lower rates of bacteremia.

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What are some Expected Side Effects of Influenza
and Pneumococcal Vaccination?

• Soreness, redness, or swelling at the injection
  site.
• Can last up to 1-2 weeks after injection in some
  instances.
• Low grade fever.
• Allergic reactions can occur but are very rare.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Seasonal influenza (flu). www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts
.htm (assessed 2012 June 1).
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What are some Myths or Invalid Contraindications
to Influenza or Pneumococcal Vaccination?

• According to the CDC, some healthcare providers
  inappropriately consider certain condition or
  circumstances to be true contraindications or
  precautions to vaccinations. Such
  contraindications are known as invalid
  contraindications they result in missed
  opportunities to administer needed vaccines.
  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  General Recommendations on Immunization.
  www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/genre
  c.pdf (accessed 2012 June 1).

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This slide should be tailored to institutions
specific process How Do I Screen Patients for
Pneumococcal and Seasonal Influenza Vaccine?

• Examples
• The Physician Approved Order and Screening Form
  for Inpatient Pneumococcal/ Influenza
  Immunization is found in the Nursing Admission
  Packet and is completed when admitting your
  patient.
• Discuss screening form.

• Insert a picture of your screening form here.

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This slide should be tailored to institutions
specific process What if I am unsure if my
patient was previously vaccinated?

• Examples
• When assessing your patient for their past
  vaccination history, we recommend that you do
  these simple steps
• Ask your patient. If the patient is uncertain,
• Ask a readily available family member. If the
  family member is uncertain,
• Check the Vaccine Administrations by Patient
  Report in the report tab on EMAR (inpatient
  vaccine history).
• Check the Immunizations Tab in LMR (outpatient
  vaccine history).
• If patient has not been vaccinated and is
  eligible for vaccination, vaccinate and document.

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How Do I Access the EMAR Vaccine Administrations
by Patient Report to View Past Inpatient
Vaccinations?
This slide should be tailored to institutions
specific process

• Examples
• From the EMAR tool bar Reports tab, access the
  Vaccine Administrations by Patient report
• This report will display all vaccines documented
  in eMAR as either Given or Not Given and the
  reasons why the vaccine was not given.

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This slide should be tailored to institutions
specific process How Do I Access the LMR
Immunizations Tab to View Past Outpatient
Vaccinations?

• Examples
• From LMR, access the Immunizations link (located
  under the Patient Chart tab)

The dates of past Influenza and Pneumococcal
Vaccine administrations will be listed there
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What if my patient is unsure if they were
previously vaccinated and there is no information
in the EMAR or LMR?

• This slide should be tailored to institutions
  specific process
• Screen your patient for contraindications
• If no contraindications, VACCINATE the patient
  and DOCUMENT
• According to the CDC, Providers should not
  withhold vaccination in the absence of an
  immunization record or complete record. The
  patients verbal history may be used to determine
  vaccination status. Patients with uncertain or
  unknown vaccination status should be
  vaccinated.

Atkinson W, Wolfe S, Hamborsky J et. al.
Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable
diseases. the pink book course textbook. 12th
ed. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Washington D.C. 2012.
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What if I have questions or concerns when
screening or administering the influenza or
pneumococcal vaccine to my patients?

• This slide should be tailored to institutions
  specific process
• Page the
• Vaccine Pager ()
• Operational 24 hours/day