Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) in NS-2 Shao-Cheng Wang Computer

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Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) in NS-2

• Shao-Cheng Wang
• Computer Networks Design and Testing Laboratory

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Outlines

• Basic ideas of ZRP
• Design diagram of ZRP package
• Utility scripts in ZRP package

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Routing protocols in ad-hoc networks

• Proactive
• Periodic routing updates
• Pros little delay when route is needed
• Cons lots of overhead in routing updates
  (especially in highly dynamic environment)
• Ex. DSDV, WRP
• Reactive
• Source initiated/ on-demand approach
• Pros no periodic routing update overhead
• Cons
• still considerable control traffic for route
  searching (near flooding)
• long route query delay
• Ex. DSR, AODV

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The ZRP

• Hybrid architecture
• Routing zone
• Radius r
• Interior nodes and border nodes
• Inter-zone routing
• When the destination can not be found in the
  zone Initiate route query
• bordercasting

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Design diagram of ZRP NS-2 package
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Hello and Link-State packets
ZRP
Incoming packets
Link State
Hello
IERP
NDP
IARP
BRP
To Link Layer
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Route query and reply
ZRP
Incoming packets
reply
query
IERP
NDP
IARP
?
No
yes
BRP
To Link Layer
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Installation and Operation

• NS-2.1b6
• Follow the README
• example.tcl
• set opt(adhocRouting) ZRP
• Trace format in cmu-trace.cc (/zrp/support_code)
• Useful scripts (in /zrp/scripts) to get
  statistics from trace file
• Very useful debug switches in zrp.h

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Visualize the ZRP

• To do
• Specify the OID in zrp.h
• Make sure debug16 in zrp.h is on.
• Output file connections, hopsaway, NodeCoord
• Processing engine drawquery.m

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Useful scripts

• In /zrp/scripts
• 2count_packets
• echo 'received IARPS...'
• grep 'r 0-9\.0-9.IARP' 1
• additionneur.cc
• process the outputs from 2count_packet and get
  statistics (overheads, sucessful rate, etc.)

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Route query and reply (coming from outside)
ZRP
Incoming packets
reply
query
IERP
NDP
IARP
BRP
To Link Layer