Anthropology 315 Third World Cultures

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Anthropology 315Third World Cultures

• Dr. Siemens
• Office-Sierra Hall 240M
• Office Telephone [phone]
• Office Hours
• Tuesday and Thursday 820-920AM 330-4PM
• and by appointment
• Email stephen.siemens_at_csun.edu

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3x5 Card

• Name
• Reason for Class
• Previous Anthropology
• Email Address
• Is there a particular Third World Culture of
  interest to you?
• Anything else you want Dr. Siemens to know about
  you and your interests.

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THE SCOPE OF ANTHROPOLOGYWhat anthropologists
have you heard of?What did they study?
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Harrison Ford as fictional Indiana Jones
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Mary Leakey Discovered Oldest Footprints
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Louis Leakey found fossil humans
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Jane Goodall was first to study chimpanzees in
the wild.
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Jane Goodall still works for Chimpanzee
conservation.
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Dian Fossey was first to study gorillas in the
wild.
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Sigourney Weaver as Dian Fossey
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Margaret Mead with Samoan Girls
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Deborah Tannen
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David Maybury-Lewis(right) Host of PBS series
MilleniumAlso founder of the human rights group
Cultural Survival
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Sam Dunn used anthropological training in heavy
metal documentary

• Takes holistic view religion, gender, social,
  global and historical perspectives.
• Main obstacle was convincing artists he was
  sympathetic.
• Metal artists gave thoughtful responses.
• Some appeared hostile on camera but friendly off
  camera.
• Anthropological approach was not first choice.

Chicago Tribune 4-14-06
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Anthropologists You may have Heard of

• Indiana Jones
• Mary Leakey
• Louis Leakey
• Jane Goodall
• Dian Fossey
• Margaret Mead
• Deborah Tannen
• David Maybury-Lewis
• Sam Dunn

• Explore Ruins (fictional)
• Fossil Hunter
• Fossil Hunter
• Chimpanzees
• Gorillas
• Samoan Girls
• American Women and Men Talking
• Xavante Rights
• Heavy Metal Music

Fictitious anthropologist
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Anthropologists in the News

• Anthropologists contribute to American society as
  well as to the international community of scholars

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Maira Martinez

• Forensic Anthropologist
• Identifying victims of political massacres
• Families accompany her sometimes
• LA Times August 4 A7

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Jane MacLaren Walsh

• Skull was made with modern tools
• Skull lacks prehistoric style features
• LA Times June 8, 2008

• Studied Crystal Skull donated to Smithsonian

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• Studied Japanese consumer culture
• Worked in Tokyo convenience stores
• Japanese buy exotic Colombian Giant beetles.
• Heads resemble samurai headgear
• 350/Giant beetle
• LA Times 5-21-08 A4

Gavin Whitelaw

• Biodiversity valuable to Colombian, German
  Viasus, left
• Colombia plans to market more biodiversity

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Diana FullwileyHarvard

• Analyses genetic markers to connect
  African-Americans to ancestral populations and
  African-American kin.
• "At most, you're getting 1 of your ancestry
• Raymond A. Winbush
• paternal DNA linked him to the Bubi, a people
  indigenous to Equatorial Guinea on Central
  Africa's Atlantic coast, and his maternal DNA
  linked him to the Tikar people of adjoining
  Cameroon. He also carried markers common in
  people of Dutch, French, British and German
  origin.
• "The discovery helped me to locate myself more
  psychologically," he said. "It's all kind of
  wrapped up in the idea of locating oneself in
  history."
• LA Times 5-4-08 A6

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Richard Applegate

• Wrote Samala dictionary from John P. Harringtons
  notes
• Samala is a Chumash Language
• Chumash are native people of Los Angeles
• Santa Barbara Independent 4-24-08

• Chumash financed dictionary
• Chumash are relearning language
• Last native speaker of Samala died 1965

J.P. Harrington
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Anthropologists in the News

• Maira Martinez
• Jane MacLauren Walsch
• Gavin Whitelaw
• Diana Fullwiley
• Richard Applegate

• Identifying Colombian Political Victims
• Crystal Skulls
• Japanese Consumerism
• African Genetic Markers
• Chumash Language

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Anthropologists for Our Readings
Turnbull-Mbuti, Weiner-Trobriands, Flint de
Waal -Darfur Evans-Pritchard and Siemens-Azande
Trobriands (Weiner)
Darfur FlintdeWaal
Mbuti (Turnbull)
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Colin Turnbull Mbuti (Sua)
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Mitsuo Ichikawa

• Mbuti (Sua)

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Robert Bailey-Mbuti (Efe)
Justin Kendrick- Mbuti
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Bronislaw Malinowski Trobriand Fieldwork and
Functionalism
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Annette Weiner Trobriands
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Darfur, Sudan

• Julie Flint and Alex de Waal used research on Dor
  village by anthropologist Adam Abdul-Jalil Musa

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Edward Evans-Pritchard Azande
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Siemens Observes Azande Magic
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Anthropologists for Our Readings

• Colin Turnbull
• Mitsuo Ichikawa
• Robert Bailey
• Justin Kendrick
• Annette Weiner
• Bronislaw Malinowski
• Adam Abdul-Jalil Musa
• Julie Flint and Alex de Waal
• Edward Evans-Pritchard
• Stephen Siemens

• Mbuti Pygmies
• Mbuti Pygmies
• Mbuti Pygmies
• Mbuti Pygmies
• Trobriand Islanders
• Trobriand Islanders
• Darfur
• Darfur
• Azande
• Azande

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Why are all of these called anthropologists?
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Anthropology Defined

• Anthropology is the study of human beings in a
  holistic manner.
• Holism means appreciating totalities as more than
  mere combinations of parts.
• There are two ways anthropology is holistic.
• 1) Comprehensiveness. Because anthropology is
  holistic its study includes all humans of all
  places and all times.
• 2) Interrelatedness. Because anthropology is
  holistic any human group should be studied in its
  entirety, finding connections among economics,
  politics, religion, language, etc.

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Nature and Nurture

• A hundred years ago anthropology was the same as
  racial studies.
• Biological determinism was the prevailing view.
• Eugenics was popular.
• Eugenics seeks to improve a population by
  identifying those with good genes and promoting
  their reproduction. Those with bad genes are
  prevented from reproducing.
• Nazi extermination of Jews was eugenics.
• Eugenics is inhumane and mistaken about genetics.

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Cultural Determinism

• Franz Boas argued that the important sources of
  human variation were learned rather than
  inherited.
• Boas changed the prevailing view to cultural
  determinism.
• Boas decreased the importance of biology to
  anthropology and increased the importance of
  learned culture.

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Anthropological SubfieldsFirst four subfields
are results of differences in methods.

• Physical (or Biological) Anthropology
• Archeology
• Linguistic Anthropology
• Cultural Anthropology
• Applied Anthropology intersects the first four.
• Has practical as well as intellectual goals.

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Physical Anthropology

• Physical Anthropology uses biological methods.

Physical anthropology studies human origin,
related species variation.
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Archeology

• Archeology uses excavation methods and sampling.
• Archeology studies artifacts.
• Artifacts are objects made by humans.

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Linguistic Anthropology

• Linguistic Anthropology uses linguistic methods.

• Linguistic anthropology studies language in use.

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Cultural Anthropology

• Cultural Anthropology uses participant
  observation.
• Cultural anthropology studies cultures of living
  people.
• This class is about cultural anthropology.

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Applied Anthropology

• Intersects cultural, physical, linguistic and
  archeological anthropology.
• Works with organizations to solve problems using
  anthropology business, government,
  non-governmental organizations.
• Creates commonality among practitioners
• Marietta L. Baba (right) as worked with major
  corporations such as Motorola.

• Current interest is in globally distributed work
  groups.
• Network analysis reveals rifts that hinder
  productivity.

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