FEED GRADE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY

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FEED GRADE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND
SUSTAINABILITY
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DEFINITIONS

• Feed Grade formerly referred to as
  industrial is no more industrialised than
  food grade fisheries
• - is inedible fish, typically small bony and
  oily or surplus to human requirements
• - or trimmings from food grade fish

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DEFINITIONS

• Sustainability
• Development that meets the needs of the present
  without compromising the ability of future
  generations to meet their own needs.
• World Commission on Environment and
  Development, 1987

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World Fish Meal Production
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World Fish Body Oil Production
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WILD FISH USED FOR AQUACULTURE

• Fish oil used in aquaculture - 732TT
• ie. 56 of world fish oil production
• Wild fish used for fish meal and oil1 - 39mlnT
• (Plus 5mlnT trimmings)
• Propotion of wild fish for producing1 - 732TT
• fish oil (2002)2 - 14mlnT
• World aquaculture production of1
• finfish crustacea (2002)2 - 39mlnT
• That is aquaculture uses 14mlnT inedible fish to
  produce 39mlnT fish crustacea a net gain of
  25mlnT
• and almost trebling of product
• 1The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture,
  2002, FAO
• 2Estimated from 2001 figure

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SUSTAINABILITY FISHERY CONTROLS
see next slide
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The closed areas for anchovy and sardine are
now enforced by satellite tracking in Peru and
Chile. All EU community fishing vessels,
exceeding 20 metres, have since January 2000 been
equipped with satellite based vessel monitoring
systems (VMS) this applies also to third country
vessels of the same size operating in Community
waters. VMS is being applied progressively in
bilateral fisheries agreements, i.e. EU/Norway,
EU/Faroe Islands and in the framework of Regional
Fisheries organisations like NEAFC.
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SOUTH AMERICA
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GOVERNMENT CONTROLS OF FEED FISH FISHING IN PERU

• Boats fitted with satellite tracking systems
• Closed fishing seasons, e.g. February and March
  to protect growth of juveniles August to October
  to protect spawning stock
• Vessels have to be licensed to fish in 200 mile
  limit
• Limits on minimum size of fish landed short
  term fishing closures if too small
• Government Institute IMARPE launched a
  hydro-acoustic evaluation of pelagic resources
  along entire Peruvian coastline in February 2002

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GOVERNMENT CONTROLS OF FEED FISH FISHING IN CHILE

• Government regularly monitors fishery resources
  and uses results to set control measures to
  protect stocks
• Government has introduced legislation to set a
  maximum catch limit for each company
• In North Chile closed seasons for anchovy and
  sardine are set annually spawning stocks between
  August and September, and December to February to
  protect anchovy
• In central south part closed seasons set for
  anchovy and sardine to protect spawning period
  July and August and mid-December to mid-January

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ANCHOVY BIO-MASS ON COAST OF PERU(1990 2002)
Million Tonnes
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NORTH SEA AND NORTH EAST ATLANTIC OVERVIEW
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SAND-EEL IN NORTH SEA

• Within safe biological limits for 2002 according
  to International Council for the Exploration of
  the Sea (ICES)
• TAC reduced from 1mlnT to 863TT for 2003
• Average catch in past eight years 800TT
• Less than 20 of total stock caught as feed fish
  surplus not fully utilised
• No evidence that cod fishery limited by sand-eel
  availability
• independent scientific organisation advising
  North Sea and
• North East Atlantic governments on status of fish
  stocks

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SAND-EEL FISHERY AND SENSITIVE AREAS FOR BREEDING
SEABIRDS

• Closed season for sand-eel fishing from April to
  August off east coast of Scotland
• - Firth of Forth and Grampian coast
• - covers period when kittiwake, puffin,
  gannet, etc., feed sand-eel to their chicks
• Sand-eel fisheries in important foraging areas
  for kittiwakes closed and re-opened based on 0.5
  and 0.7 fledged chicks per nest respectively
• This based on work by Professor Robert Furness of
  University of Glasgow financed by fish meal
  industry

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OTHER FISHERIES IN 2002

• NORWAY POUT - stock within safe biological
  limits (ICES)
• SPRAT - stock in good condition (ICES)
• - because of by-catch, e.g. herring
  (landings are inspected) fishery is
  restricted
• CAPELIN (Barents Sea) - within safe biological
  limits (ICES)
• CAPELIN (Icelandic) healthy according to
  waters Icelandic Ministry of
  Fisheries

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OTHER FISHERIES IN 2002 (Cont.)

• HORSE MACKEREL - state of stock not
  known
• BLUE WHITING
• - harvested outside safe biological limits but
  stock situation has improved
• North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission have
  agreed to implement long term management plan to
  ensure catches limited to a sustainable level.
  Meanwhile TACs still under discussion

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OTHER FISHERIES IN 2002 (Cont.)

• HERRING (North Sea)
• - Autumn spanning stock within safe biological
  limits (ICES)
• Spring spawning stock stable, but being harvested
  outside safe biological limits
• HERRING (Icelandic waters)
• within safe biological limits
• HERRING (North East Atlantic)
• - known as Norwegian Spring spawing herring
  within safe biological limits (ICES)