The Rebirth of the Book Online Publishing at the University of California

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The Rebirth of the BookOnline Publishing at the
University of California

• Roy Tennant
• California Digital Library
• http//escholarship.cdlib.org/books.html

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The Nature of the Rebirth _at_ UC

• Actually
• Out-of-print books get a new lease on life
• We can publish online books that would be
  uneconomical in print
• Functionally New uses of the books are supported
  (e.g., full-text searching)
• Technically Working on a single stream to print
  and digital workflow
• Politically One of the most successful
  partnerships between a university press and a
  library in the U.S.

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Book Publishing _at_ UC

• Why?
• The Partnership
• Publishing Models
• Digitally Driven
• Print Driven
• Support Model

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Why?

• University presses are under severe and ongoing
  budget pressures
• Printing a few hundred copies of an academic
  title is often a risky venture
• Through necessity, publishing decisions were
  being driven by economics rather than scholarly
  merit
• Libraries face higher content costs while
  undergoing budget cuts
• New technical capabilities offer new opportunities

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The Partnership

• A close, cooperative relationship established by
  the Director of UC Press and the Director of
  Scholarly Communication at the California Digital
  Library
• Division of labor
• CDL Technical expertise, online publishing
  infrastructure
• UC Press Editorial expertise, copy editing,
  marketing
• Willingness to experiment by all parties

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Publishing Models

• Digitally Driven
• The digital production process is primary print
  may or may not come later
• MS Word to Adobe Acrobat (PDF) workflow
• Presently accomplished using software from
  bepress.com
• Print Driven
• The print production process is primary
• Quark to XML workflow
• Presently accomplished with in-house
  infrastructure
• Future combination UC Press workflow and CDL
  infrastructure

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Digitally Driven

• Example University of California International
  Area Studies
• Scholar uploads paper to eScholarship Repository
  in MS Word, which is automatically posted in
  Adobe Acrobat (PDF) format for anyone to download
• Paper either remains a working paper, or
  undergoes peer review
• When paper passes peer review, it is published as
  a peer reviewed paper, either individually or
  with other papers as an edited volume
• A purely economic decision is made by UC Press
  about whether to print an edited volume or allow
  it to remain digital only

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Characteristics

• Book sections are in Adobe Acrobat (PDF) format
• Full-text searchable search results point to a
  book section as a downloadable PDF
• Browsing is by publishing entity (e.g., UC
  International Area Studies), then by whatever
  categories established by that entity
• Chapters of an edited volume can appear as soon
  as they pass peer review

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http//repositories.cdlib.org/
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The Life Cycle of UCIAS Papers
eScholarship Repository
UCIAS Digital Collection B2
UCIAS Working Papers
Paper A
Peer Review Decision
Economic Decision
Paper B
Print book
B2
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Print Driven

• Example University of California Press
  eScholarship Editions
• UC Press decides to publish a book
• UC Press sends the work through its traditional
  publishing infrastructure, the end point being a
  Quark Express file (soon to be XML)
• UC Press uses a contractor to translate the Quark
  file to TEI XML
• UC Press passes the file to the California
  Digital Library, which mounts it as part of the
  growing online collection of UC Press books
• Digital publication can occur before or after
  print publication
• Note CDL is in the process of converting 1,500
  UC Press books and mounting them online there
  are now over 700 titles available, over 350
  available to anyone

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Characteristics

• Books are encoded in XML, as one file, but served
  to the user in sections (e.g., a chapter)
  translated to HTML on the fly
• Alternative displays (e.g., large print) are
  available, and easy to produce
• Full-text searchable users can browse their
  search words in context
• Bibliographic data is also searchable (e.g.,
  author, title, subject, description)
• Browsing is by author, title, subject

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Standards Used Supported

• Extensible Markup Language (XML)www.w3.org/xml/
• Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) www.tei-org.org
• Archival Resource Key (ARK) www.loc.gov/standards
  /mets/
• Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS)
  www.loc.gov/standards/mets/
• Metadata Encoding and Transfer Syntax
  (METS)www.loc.gov/standards/mets/
• Dublin Corewww.dublincore.org
• Open Archives Initiative - Protocol for Metadata
  Harvesting (OAI-PMH)www.openarchives.org

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Web Server
I want this book
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XSLT Stylesheet
Bookencodedin XML
Web Server
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XSLT Stylesheet
Bookencodedin XML
XHTML Document (no displaymarkup)
Web Server
HTML Stylesheet (CSS)
Dynamic document
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Transformation
XSLT Stylesheet
Information
Presentation
Bookencodedin XML
XHTML Document (no displaymarkup)
Web Server
HTML Stylesheet (CSS)
Dynamic document
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File System
Encodedin TEIXML
Stored
Search Index
Full Text
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File System
Encodedin TEIXML
Stored
Search Index
Full Text
Structure
Search Index
SelectedFieldsExtracted
METSRepository
RecordsCreated
Stored
Project Profile
MODS record
UC Press record
Library Catalog
UC PressDatabase
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File System
Encodedin TEIXML
Stored
Search Index
Full Text
Structure
Search Index
SelectedFieldsExtracted
METSRepository
RecordsCreated
Stored
Project Profile
Userqueries
MODS record
UC Press record
Library Catalog
UC PressDatabase
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File System
Encodedin TEIXML
Stored
Search Index
Full Text
Structure
Search Index
SelectedFieldsExtracted
METSRepository
RecordsCreated
Stored
Project Profile
Search Results
MODS record
UC Press record
User requests book
Library Catalog
UC PressDatabase
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File System
Encodedin TEIXML
Stored
Search Index
Full Text
Javaservlet
Structure
Search Index
SelectedFieldsExtracted
METSRepository
RecordsCreated
Stored
User requestsbook segment
Project Profile
MODS record
METS record in XML
UC Press record
XSLT
Library Catalog
UC PressDatabase
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File System
Encodedin TEIXML
Stored
Search Index
Full Text
Javaservlet
Structure
Search Index
SelectedFieldsExtracted
METSRepository
RecordsCreated
Stored
XSLT
Project Profile
Booksegmentreturned
MODS record
UC Press record
Library Catalog
UC PressDatabase
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File System
Encodedin TEIXML
Stored
Search Index
Full Text
Javaservlet
Structure
Search Index
SelectedFieldsExtracted
Resultsin XML
METSRepository
RecordsCreated
Stored
XSLT
Project Profile
MODS record
METS record in XML
UC Press record
XSLT
Library Catalog
UC PressDatabase
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File System
Encodedin TEIXML
Stored
Search Index
Full Text
Structure
Search Index
SelectedFieldsExtracted
METSRepository
RecordsCreated
Stored
Project Profile
Userqueries
MODS record
UC Press record
Library Catalog
UC PressDatabase
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File System
Encodedin TEIXML
Stored
Search Index
Full Text
Structure
Search Index
SelectedFieldsExtracted
METSRepository
RecordsCreated
Stored
Project Profile
Resultsreturned
MODS record
UC Press record
Library Catalog
UC PressDatabase
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File System
Encodedin TEIXML
Stored
Search Index
Full Text
Javaservlet
Structure
Search Index
SelectedFieldsExtracted
METSRepository
RecordsCreated
Stored
User wants to seesearch wordsin context
Project Profile
MODS record
UC Press record
Library Catalog
UC PressDatabase
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File System
Encodedin TEIXML
Stored
Search Index
Full Text
Javaservlet
Structure
Search Index
SelectedFieldsExtracted
METSRepository
RecordsCreated
Stored
Booksegmentreturnedw/termshighlighted
XSLT
Project Profile
MODS record
UC Press record
Library Catalog
UC PressDatabase
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http//escholarship.cdlib.org/ucpress/
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Where We Are Now

• Continuing to process the remaining 700 titles
  purchased from netLibrary
• Will be making our infrastructure truly generic
  in nature, so we can ingest and serve any XML
  content
• We are considering opportunities to build on our
  success
• Adding collections of books
• Unifying discovery of online books wherever they
  may be

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Support Model

• We are trying to build a scholarly communication
  and publication model that
• Improves the efficiency and rapidity of scholarly
  communication
• Frees scholarship from the barriers of exorbitant
  purchase or licensing fees
• Places publication costs at the front end, not
  the back end
• In this model, scholars and researchers retain
  distribution rights for their scholarship and
  provide it freely to all via university
  infrastructure services
• Research grant proposals must allocate funds to
  support the dissemination of research findings
• Universities will need to increasingly fund the
  front end (infrastructure) rather than the back
  end (licensing)