Title: Web ??? ????
1????? ??
2??
- ??
- ???? ???? ??
- ???? ??
- Web ??? ????
- ???? ??? ??
- ??? interaction ??
- ????? ??
- Reference
- ???? ??
3??
- ????? ??
- ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???-??? ?????
- ??? ??
- ??, ??, ??, ?? ?
- ??? ??? (?????) ??
- ??
- ????? ?????
- ???? ???? ???? ?? ??
4??
- ?? ??
- 3?? ??? ???? ??
- ???? ???
- ?????
- ??? ???
- ????
- ????
- ???? (HCI)
- Tracking (?? registration)
- ???? ??, ?? ???? ???? ??
- ???? ? ??
- 3?? ??? ??
5??
- ????? ??
- ???(Presence) ?? ???(Immersion)
- 3?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??
- HUD (Head Up Display)? ?? ????? ??? Data Glove?
?? ???? ?? - ????? (Interactivity)
- ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? (feedback)? ?? ? ??? ??.
- ??? (Autonomy)
- ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??.
6???? ???? ??
- Desktop VR
- HUD-based VR
- CAVE
- Augmented Reality
7Desktop VR
???? ???? ??
- CRT? LCD monitor ??
- Mouse ?? ???? navigation
- Virtual walk-through / fly-through
- Shutter glasses ?? ???? stereo ?? ??
- ?? ?? ?? ??
- ?? ???
- ??
8HUD-based VR
???? ???? ??
- HUD (Head Up Display) ?? HMD (Head Mount Display)
?? - ???? ?? ??? ??? display ?? ??
- Tracking ??? ???? ??? ?? (?? ???)? ??? ?? ??
- 3?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??
- Data glove? haptic ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??
- ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ??
- ?? ???
- ??
9CAVE
???? ???? ??
- Cave Automatic Virtual Environment
- HUD? monitor ?? projector? ??
- ??? ?? 5? ?? 6?? ??? ???? ??
- ?? ????? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?
- ??? ?? ??? ? ? ??
- ??? ?? ?? ?? ??
- ? ????? ??? ? ??? ??
- ?? ??? ???
- ??
10????
???? ???? ??
- ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???
- ????? ??? ???? ??
11????? ????
???? ???? ??
- Milgrams Reality-Virtuality Continuum
Augmented Reality
Augmented Virtuality
Real Environment
Virtual Environment
12???? ??
- ????
- ??? ??
- ????? ??
- ?????
- ?? / ?? interaction ??
- ??? ?
- ? ?
13???? ????
???? ??
- Rendering system
- SGI (Silicon Graphics)
- PC Graphics accelerator
- ATI, nVidia
- Display Device
- HUD (Head Up Display)
- Shutter glasses
- Projectors
14???? ????
???? ??
- Interaction Devices
- Tablet
- Track ball / space ball
- Polhemus cube
- ? ??? ?? ???
- Data gloves
- ???? ?? ?? ?? ??
- Haptic devices
- ????? ?? ?? ??
- Tactile information
- Force feedback
15???? ?????
???? ??
- 3D Modeling SW
- 3D Studio Max
- Rhino
- Maya
- Softimage
- Wavefront Alias
- Others
- WorldToolkit Sense8
- Cosmo Worlds / Cosmo Player SGI
16Web ??? ????
17VRML
Web ?? ????
- Virtual Reality Markup Language
- 3?? ??? ?? ??? ?? script ??
- Animation ??
- ??? ?? interactive ? ?? ??
- Navigation ??
- Cosmo player ?? ???? ? ? ??
18VRML
Web ?? ????
- 54?? ??
- 3?? ??
- ??? ?? ??
- ??
- ?? ??
- 3?? ???
- ???
- ?????? ?????
19Quicktime VR
Web ?? ????
- Apple??? ??
- ???? ?? ??? ??
- ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??
- Zoom-in, zoom-out, ?? ??
- ?? ???? ??
- http//www.panoramas.dk/fullscreen3/f2_mars.html
20???? ??? ??
??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??
21??? ?? ??
??? ??
- ??? ??
- ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??
- ?? ?? ??? ???
- ??? ??? ???? ??
- ?? ??? ??
- ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???
??
22???? ??? ????? ??
??? ??
23??? ??
??? ??
- Why?
- ?, ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??
- ??? ?? ??
- ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??
24??? ??
??? ??
- ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??
- ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ??
25??? ?? ??? ??
??? ??
- Back-face elimination
- List priority
- Ordering in Projection Space
- Depth-sort
- Ordering in Object Space
- Binary Space Partition Trees
- Image precision
- Z-buffer
- Ray Casting
26Back Face Culling
??? ??
- Normal vector? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????
- ????? l? ?? C (cx,cy,cz)? ??? ??
- ??? ???? ? ??? visible
27??? ?? ???
??? ??
- ?? C? polygon ?? S? ?? ?, ?? S?? ?? polygon? ???
?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? - igtk ?? Pi gtPk
- ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??
- Painters algorithm
28z-sort in Projection Space
??? ??
- ?? polygon? ? ??? ???? ??
- ??? ???? ??? ?? ??
29depth-sort (Newell? ??)
??? ??
- Polygon P? Q? X-Y???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??
- P? z? ??? Q ?? ??? P? Q?? ??? ??
30depth-sort
??? ??
- ????? ???? P? Q?? ?? ??
- Z-extent of Q is wholly in front of P or
- Y-extent of Q does not overlap P or
- X-extent of Q does not overlap P or
- All points on P lie on the opposite side of Q
than the COP or - All points on Q lie on the same side of P as the
COP or - The projections of P and Q on the XY plane do not
overlap (full 2D polygon overlap test)
31BSP Trees
??? ??
- Binary Space Partition Trees
- ??? list ordering ??? ????? ??
- ??? ???? ??? ?? ??
- BSP tree? ???? ??
- ???? ??
- Shooting ?? ??? ??
- ? ??
- ??? ???? BSP tree ??
- ??? ?? ??? ??
- ? ?????? BSP tree? ????? ??? ?? ??
32??? BSP Tree ??
??? ??
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
The tree
A set of polygons
33??? BSP Tree ??
??? ??
Select one polygon and partition the space and
the polygons
34??? BSP Tree ??
??? ??
Recursively partition each sub-tree until all
polygons are used up
35??? BSP Tree ?? ??
??? ??
- ??? ???? polygon? ??? ? BSP tree??? ??
- ??? polygon? ???? root? ??
- ??? polygon?? ??? polygon?? ? ???? ?? ?, ?, ??
?? - ??? polygon? ???? polygon? ??
- ?? ??? ?, ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??
- ??? subtree? ?? ?/? ??? ??
36BSP ??? ?
??? ??
- ? ??? ??? ??? ?? (??/??)
- root? ? ??
- Leaf ???? ?? ??? ??
37Polygons? BSP tree? ??? ?
??? ??
38BSP ?? ?? ???? (Back-to-Front Traversal)
??? ??
void traverse_btf(Tree t, Point vp) if (t
NULL) return endif if (vp in-front of plane
at root of t) traverse_btf(t-gtback, vp)
draw polygons on node of t traverse_btf(t-gtfr
ont, vp) else traverse_btf(t-gtfront, vp)
draw polygons on node of t traverse_btf(t-gtbac
k, vp) endif
39Interactive BSP tree demo
??? ??
Demo? ?? ?? http//symbolcraft.com/graphics/bsp/bs
ptreedemo_korean.html
40???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???
??? ??
41?? ?? ??? ???
??? ??
42??
??? ??
- ??? ??? ??? ???? ??
- 2D images ? 3D model
- ??
- Photogrammetry (????)
- Disparity ? ??
- Stereo camera
- Solve Correspondence problem
- ??? ??
- ??? ??? ???
43??
??? ??
- Image-based Modeling
- ?? ??? 2?? ??? ???? 3?? ?? ??
- Image-based Rendering
- 2?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??
- Image-based Acceleration
- ??? ??? ?? ?? geometric model ??, ?? ?? ?? ????
?? - Image-based lighting
- 2?? ?????? ????? ??
- ??? ??? ??
44?? ? ???
??? ??
- Computer Vision Computer Graphics
- ??
- ??? ???? ???
- ???? ?? ?? ??
- ???
- ?????? ???? ???
- ?? ????
- ???? ?? (?? ??)
45??
??? ??
http//whatisthematrix.warnerbros.com/dld/NUMBER_T
HREE.mov
UC Berkeley campus
?? ????
46???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??
??? ??
47??
??? ??
- Multi-resolution representation
- ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??
- ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???
??
48LOD ??? ??
??? ??
49Distance LOD
??? ??
- ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??
- ??? ?? (3-D Euclidean distance)
- Scale dependent
- Resolution dependent
- Field of View dependent
50Size LOD
??? ??
- ???? ??? ??? ???? (?? ??? ?? ??)
- 3D ? 2D projection ??
- Scale invariant
- Resolution invariant
- Field of View invariant
- Box ?? Bounding spheres or ellipsoids ? ?? ??
51Eccentricity LOD
??? ??
- Visual periphery(??)? ?? ??
- ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??
- ??? ??? ??? ??? ??. ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??
- more retinal photoreceptors (rods/cones) towards
fovea - retinal and cortical cell receptive field sizes
increases linearly with eccentricity - 80 of cortical cells devoted to central 10
degrees of vision - Eye tracking system? ??
52Velocity LOD
??? ??
- ???? ??? ???? ??
- ??? ??? ??? ????? ??
- ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??
- Eye tracking ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??
53??
??? ??
- Static LOD (Level of Detail)
- ??? ??
- ?? ?? ?? ??
- Dynamic LOD
- ????? ?? ??
54Static LOD
??? ??
- ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??
- ?? ?, ???? ??? ??(?? ?? ??? ??) ??? ??
- LOD? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? Static LOD? ??
55Static LOD
??? ??
- ??
- ????
- ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????
- ??
- ??? ??? ??? ??
- ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??
56Dynamic LOD
??? ??
- ?? ? ??? LOD? ???? ??
- ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??
57Dynamic LOD
??? ??
- ??
- ???? ??? ??
- ??? ??
- ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??
- view-dependent LOD (?? ???? LOD) ??? ??
58Dynamic LOD
??? ??
59Dynamic LOD
??? ??
??? ??? ?
11,726 triangles
34,321 triangles
60??? ???? ??
Desktop interaction ?? Locomotion Manipulation
interface Haptic ??
61Desktop interaction ??
??? interaction ??
- ??
- Linear (??) / Rotary (???)
- ??, ??/?, ??(torque)
- ??? / ???
- ??
- ???
- ??
- ???
- Tablet
- Space ball
- Track ball
- ?? ??
62??? ???? ?? Locomotion??? ?? ??
??? ??
63Locomotion
??? interaction ??
- ?? ??
- ??
- 2D ??? ??? ?? ??
- Virtual body? ??
64Orientation
??? interaction ??
- Navigation ??
- ??? (?? ??? ???? ??) ??? ???? ???? ??, roll,
pitch, yaw ??
65?? ??
??? interaction ??
- Locomotion
- ???? ??? ???? ?
- 6DOF (Degrees Of Freedom)
- 3?? ?? 3?? ??
- Desktop system
- 2D ??? 6D ??
- ???? ???? ?? ??
- ??? ??
- ?) ?? ??? ??? ??? XZ, ??? XY ??
- Immersed system
- ??? ?? ??
66??
??? interaction ??
- Scene ??
- input ??? ??? ??? ??
- ?? ?? ??? ???, ???/?? ???? ??
- ? ??
- input ??? ?(??)? ??
- ??? ??? ??
- Flying ??
- ???? ???? ???? ?
- Virtual fly-through? ??
- ?? ?? ??? ??
672D ??? ??? ?? ??
??? interaction ??
- ??? ? ??
- ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???
- ???
- World ???
- ??? ?? ???
682D ??? ??? ?? ??
??? interaction ??
- Free navigation
- ?? ??? ?,? ??? ??? ?,? ??? ??
- ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ? ?? ??
- Virtual Walk-through
- ????? ??? ??
- ??? world ???? Y ? ??
- ?? VPN (View Point Normal) ??? world ???? XY ???
??? ???? - Virtual Fly-through
- ?? 1 Pitch? Yaw ?? (U,V ???? ??)
- ?? 2 (U,N ???? ??)
- ?? 3 (N,V ???? ??)
69Virtual body? ??
??? interaction ??
- Egocentric
- ???? ??? ???? ?? ??
- ??? ???? ? ?? ? ? ??
- ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??
- Exocentric
- ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ??
- ?? ???? ??? ??
- ???? ???? ? ? ??
- ?? ??? ?? ??
70Trackers
??? interaction ??
- ??
- 3?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??
71Manipulation Interface(??/?? ?????)
??? interaction ??
- Cubic-mouse
- 3?? ?? ??? ?? ??
- 6DOF tracking ?? ??
- 3D probes
- ??? 3?? ???? ??
72Haptic ??
??? interaction ??
- ????? ?? ??
- ?? ??
- ???? ???
- ?? ??
73????? ??
?? / ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? / ?? ?? ? ?? ????? ??
74?? / ????
????? ??
- ??? ????? ??
- ?? ??, ????? ??? ?? ??
75??
????? ??
- ?? ??
- Virtual abdominal surgery training
- Simulation
76Virtual Museum
- ??????? ??? 3?? ??? ? ? ?? ????? ??
77?? ???
????? ??
78?? ?? (Telepresence)
????? ??
- ??? ??? ?? ??
- ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??
Virtual grasp
Robot operation
79?? ? ??
????? ??
- ?? ?? ???
- ??? ?? ??
- ?? ??
80?????
????? ??
- ?? ??
- Worldcup 2002
- ??? ?? ??
- ?? ??
- Doppler shift
- Chemistry
- Weather simulation
81??, ??
????? ??
- 3?? ??
- ???? ??
- With force feedback
82??
????? ??
- 3?? ??
- Floating sculpture
- 4 ?? ????? ???
83Reference
- Books
- Burdea and Coiffet, Virtual Reality Technology,
2003 Wiley-Interscience - Slater, Steed, and Chrysanthou, Computer
Graphics and Virtual Environments, from realism
to real-time, 2002, Addison-Wesley - ??? ??, ????? ???, ?????, 2000
84Reference
- Quicktime VR
- http//www.apple.com/quicktime/download/
- http//www.panoramas.dk/fullscreen3/f2_mars.html
- VRML
- http//www.karmanaut.com/cosmo/player/
- http//ca.com/cosmo/
- Natural history museum VR
- http//www.nhm.ac.uk/interactive/VRendeavour/index
.htm - VR Applications
- http//coe.sdsu.edu/eet/Articles/VRApps/start.htm
- http//www.rug.nl/rc/hpcv/projects/
85Reference
- VR Simulation
- Doppler shift
- http//www.ori.org/vr/projects/vrscience/doppler/
index.html - Vehicle crash
- http//www.arasvo.com/crown_victoria/crown_vic.htm
- VR Training
- Medical article
- http//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/03/00030
6075800.htm - VR medical training
- http//iregt1.iai.fzk.de/KISMET/kis_apps_med.html
- http//www.facit.co.uk/medical_training.htm
86Reference
- VR telepresence
- NASA
- http//ranier.oact.hq.nasa.gov/telerobotics_page/t
elerobotics.shtm - Standorf
- http//www-cdr.stanford.edu/telepresence/VSEL.html
- Virtual Museum
- http//www.hitl.washington.edu/projects/knowledge_
base/museum.html
87Reference
- CAVE
- http//vitalstatistix.nicve.salford.ac.uk/iis/reac
tor/information.shtml - ???? ??? ???
- http//whatisthematrix.warnerbros.com/dld/NUMBER_T
HREE.mov - Interactive BSP tree ??
- http//symbolcraft.com/graphics/bsp/bsptreedemo_ko
rean.html - LOD
- http//research.microsoft.com/hoppe/
- http//lodbook.com/course
88Reference
- Interaction ??
- Cubic Mouse
- http//www.imk.fraunhofer.de/sixcms/detail.php?tem
platea_projectid515 - 3D probe
- http//www.immersion.com/digitizer/
89???? ??
- ???? ??
- Download 3D model files
- free models from www.3dcafe.com
- Convert model files into OpenGL code segments
- Free converter available at http//www.winsite.com
/bin/Info?2000000035549 - Render and control views
90???? ??
- ??? ??
- ???? ??? navigation
- ??? ?? ??
- Free navigation
- Virtual walk-through
- Virtual fly-through
91???? ??
- LOD? ??? ?? ??? ??
- HMD? tracker? ??? virtual walk-through ??
- BSP tree? ??? visibility ???? ??
92?? ???
- LoD (Level of Detail)? ??? ?????.
- ??? ????.PPT ?? ?? LoD? ???? LoD? ???? ??? ???
????? ?? ???? ??? ?. - VRML? LoD ??? ???? LoD? ??? ??? wrl? ???? ??? ?.
- ???? 12? 9? 2400??(???)
- ???? kelee_at_deu.ac.kr? ??? ???? ??
- ?? ??? 10?? ? ?.
- ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?.