EMC Directive 2004/108/EC Steve Ferguson

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EMC Directive 2004/108/EC Steve Ferguson
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EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS
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EMC

• EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
• The ability to operate in the intended
  environment without performance degradation
• The ability to operate in the intended
  environment without interfering with operation of
  other equipment/systems

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Terms Definitions

• European Directive
• Legal Document adopted by EC Council of Ministers
• Must be adopted into National Law by each EC
  member state
• Does not call out technical standards refers to
  private standards-making bodies to draw up
  product standards
• European Norm (EN)
• Harmonized Standard Common Standard used for
  determining conformity
• Committee process
• ENs based on existing standards (CISPR, IEC)
• Must be adopted into National Standards by each
  EC Member state
• CENELEC (Comite Europeen de Normalisation
  Electrotechnique)
• European Committee for Electrotechnical
  Standardization responsible for generating
  European Norms
• CE Communaute Europeenne

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Terms Definitions

• Competent Body
• Review Technical Construction Files and generate
  Certificates of Conformity
• Must demonstrate competence in the area of the
  Directive
• Approved by member state National Authority
• Conformity Assessment Bodies (CAB) in US
• Notified Body
• Notified means that the organization has been
  officially announced to the EC and other states
  by National Authority

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New approach directives

• Objective Elimination of Technical Barriers
• New Approach calls out Essential Requirements
• Technical Details Left to Committees
• Harmonization of European Norms (Standards)
• CENELEC
• Conformity to European Norms demonstrates
  compliance
• Products meeting essential requirements eligible
  for CE Marking

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The EMC Directive

• 89/336/EEC The EMC Directive
• Adopted 1989 by Council of the European
  Communities
• Original Implementation 1 January 1992
• Amended by 92/31/EEC
• Affects all products to be placed on the Market
• Calls out essential protection requirements
  which include emissions as well as susceptibility
• Does not call out specifications or standards
• New Approach Directive
• Essential Protection Requirements
• Allows Self-Certification
• CE Marking certifying products conformance

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European directives
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2004/108/EC Background

• Review of 89/336/EEC as part of the SLIM (Simpler
  Legislation for the Internal Market) established
  a need to complete, reinforce, and clarify the
  directive
• Member states adopt and publish laws to comply
  with directive by 20 January 2007
• Apply laws adopted by 20 July 2007
• Repeal 89/336/EEC by 20 July 2007
• Not impede market for product complying with
  89/336/EEC placed on the market prior to 20 July
  2009

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2004/108/EC Directive - Changes

• Clarification of scope and definitions
• Simplification of compliance methods DoC
• Elimination of mandatory NB/CB examinations
• Modified DoC supporting location of responsible
  parties by enforcement
• Requirement for unique product identification
• Clear treatment of fixed installations and their
  compliance obligations

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Equipment exclusions
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive
2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
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Flowchart 1 - notes

• 1. Equipment without electrical or electronic
  parts is except
• 2. Excluded equipment
• RTTE (covered by 1999/5/EC)
• Aeronautical parts, products and appliances
• Radio equipment used by radio amateurs
• 3. Equipment covered by other specific community
  directives
• Motor vehicles (2004/104/EC)
• Medical devices (various directives)
• Marine equipment (6/98/EC)
• Agricultural and forestry tractors (75/332/EEC)
• Two or three wheeled motor vehicles (97/24/EC)
• Measuring instruments (immunity excluded see
  2004/22/EC)
• Non-automatic weighing instruments (immunity
  excluded see 90/334/EEC)
• 4. Inherently benign equipment
• Incapable of generating or contributing to
  emissions
• Operate without degradation in the presence of
  EMI normally present
• 5. Apparatus or fixed installation
  classification (to flowchart 4)

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Scope for apparatus
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive
2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
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Clarification of scope

• Applicability
• Equipment (apparatus fixed installation)
• Apparatus - Any finished appliance or combination
  thereof made commercially available as a single
  functional unit
• Component or sub-assemblies intended for
  incorporation into an apparatus by the end user
• Mobile installation defined by a combination of
  apparatus intended to be moved and operated in a
  range of locations
• Fixed installation - A particular combination of
  several type of apparatus which are assembled,
  installed and intended to be used permanently at
  a predefined location

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Applicable provisions
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive
2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
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Essential requirements Article 5

• Apparatus
• Electromagnetic disturbances generated do not
  exceed level to interfere with operation of
  radio, telecommunications or other equipment
• Has a level of immunity to electromagnetic
  disturbances expected in its intended
  environment
• Fixed installations
• Use good engineering practices with a view to
  meeting apparatus requirements. Document those
  practices with the documentation on file as long
  as installation is in operation.

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Conformity assessment article 7

• Annex II
• Perform electromagnetic assessment
• Evaluate all configurations
• Prepare technical documentation
• Hold technical documentation 10-years after last
  manufacture
• Attest to compliance by issuing DOC
• Hold DOC 10-years after last manufacture
• If manufacturer is not established within the
  Community, documentation will be held by person
  placing on the Community market
• Manufacture according to technical documentation
• Prepare technical documentation DOC per Annex
  IV
• Annex III (Typically used where harmonized
  standards are not completely satisfied e.g., in
  situ testing)
• Present technical documentation to Notified Body
• Notified Body issues compliance statement
• Include Notified Body statement in the technical
  documentation

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Other markings article 9

• Identify type, batch, serial number or any other
  information to allow for identification of the
  apparatus
• Name and address of manufacturer and authorized
  representative placing apparatus on market
• Specific precautions associated with assembly,
  installation, maintained or used for EMC
  protection (e.g., installation instructions,
  shielded cable use, etc.)
• Restrictions for residential use appearing on the
  apparatus and packaging
• Information required to enable the apparatus to
  be used for intended purpose contained in the
  accompanying instructions

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CE Marking

• Implementation of the CE Marking
• Must be affixed to
• Product
• Packaging
• Instructions for use, OR
• Guarantee certificate
• Can be used with other marks providing they do
  not reduce the visibility and legibility of the
  mark
• The marking may include
• The identification of a notified body involved in
  assessment

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Product Identification

• Each apparatus to be identified in terms of type,
  batch, serial number or other information
  allowing identification
• Each apparatus shall be accompanied with
  Community contact information
• Information must be provided on specific
  precautions for EMC protection (e.g.,
  installation instructions, shielded cable use,
  etc.)
• Use restrictions for items where residential
  compliance is not ensured
• Information on use for intended purpose included
  with the apparatus

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Installations
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive
2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
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Fixed Installations

• Special section Article 13
• Applies to a given fixed installation with the
  apparatus not commercially available
• CE marking and mandatory pre-testing not required
• Installation requires application of good
  engineering practices with documentation of EMC
  precautions incorporated
• If EMC problems are indicated, authorities may
  request evidence of compliance
• If non-compliance is established, appropriate
  measures to attain compliance may be imposed

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Conformity assessment
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive
2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
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Conformity Assessment

• Manufacturer performs an electromagnetic
  compatibility assessment applying all relevant
  harmonized standards published in OJ
• Manufacturer prepares technical documentation
  providing evidence of compliance retains at
  least 10-years after date of last manufacture
• Manufacturer prepares a Declaration of Conformity
  (DoC)
• The CE mark may be placed on the equipment

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Non-harmonized/Incomplete Application of Standards

• If harmonized standards are not followed or
  partially followed
• Technical documentation is more complex to
  justify the DoC describing the steps taken to
  meet the essential requirements
• Review by a Notified Body to obtain an opinion on
  conformity
• NB opinion adds weight in case of a dispute but
  does not solely authenticate the DoC

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Technical documentation Annex IV

• The technical documentation must enable the
  conformity with the essential requirements to be
  assessed. It must cover the design and
  manufacture in particular. Must contain
• General description of the apparatus
• Evidence of compliance to the standards
• In the case where the harmonized standards are
  not used completely, a description of steps taken
  to assure compliance with the essential
  requirements including the EMC assessment, design
  calculations, examinations accomplished, test
  reports, etc.
• Statement from notified body when used

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DOC Annex IV

• The EC declaration of conformity must contain
• A reference to the applicable directive
• Identification to the apparatus
• Name and address of manufacturer and authorized
  Community representative if applicable
• Dated reference to the specifications to which
  conformity is declared
• Date of the declaration
• Identity and signature of person empowered to
  bind the company

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EMC Test Standards

• Product specific test standards establish
  requirements and typically point to test method
  standards. Normally include
• Radiated Emissions CISPR 11 or CISPR 22
• Conducted Emissions CISPR 11 or CISPR 22
• Harmonic Emissions EN 61000-3-2
• Flicker EN 61000-3-3
• Electrostatic Discharge EN 61000-4-2
• Radiated Immunity EN 61000-4-3
• Electrically Fast Transient Immunity EN
  61000-4-4
• Surge Immunity EN 61000-4-5
• Conducted Immunity EN 61000-4-6
• Magnetic Immunity - EN 61000-4-8
• Voltage dips/interrupts EN61000-4-11

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EMC Design 10-steps

• 1. Establish a 0V return
• 2. Tend to the cables
• 3. Power distribution
• 4. Component layout
• 5. Signal distribution
• 6. Filtering
• 7. Filter installation
• 8. Sealing the enclosure
• 9. Deal with analog circuits
• 10. Switch mode power supplies