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EMC Directive 2004/108/EC Steve Ferguson

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Title: EMC Directive 2004/108/EC Steve Ferguson


1
EMC Directive 2004/108/EC Steve Ferguson
2
EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS
3
EMC
  • EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
  • The ability to operate in the intended
    environment without performance degradation
  • The ability to operate in the intended
    environment without interfering with operation of
    other equipment/systems

4
Terms Definitions
  • European Directive
  • Legal Document adopted by EC Council of Ministers
  • Must be adopted into National Law by each EC
    member state
  • Does not call out technical standards refers to
    private standards-making bodies to draw up
    product standards
  • European Norm (EN)
  • Harmonized Standard Common Standard used for
    determining conformity
  • Committee process
  • ENs based on existing standards (CISPR, IEC)
  • Must be adopted into National Standards by each
    EC Member state
  • CENELEC (Comite Europeen de Normalisation
    Electrotechnique)
  • European Committee for Electrotechnical
    Standardization responsible for generating
    European Norms
  • CE Communaute Europeenne

5
Terms Definitions
  • Competent Body
  • Review Technical Construction Files and generate
    Certificates of Conformity
  • Must demonstrate competence in the area of the
    Directive
  • Approved by member state National Authority
  • Conformity Assessment Bodies (CAB) in US
  • Notified Body
  • Notified means that the organization has been
    officially announced to the EC and other states
    by National Authority

6
New approach directives
  • Objective Elimination of Technical Barriers
  • New Approach calls out Essential Requirements
  • Technical Details Left to Committees
  • Harmonization of European Norms (Standards)
  • CENELEC
  • Conformity to European Norms demonstrates
    compliance
  • Products meeting essential requirements eligible
    for CE Marking

7
The EMC Directive
  • 89/336/EEC The EMC Directive
  • Adopted 1989 by Council of the European
    Communities
  • Original Implementation 1 January 1992
  • Amended by 92/31/EEC
  • Affects all products to be placed on the Market
  • Calls out essential protection requirements
    which include emissions as well as susceptibility
  • Does not call out specifications or standards
  • New Approach Directive
  • Essential Protection Requirements
  • Allows Self-Certification
  • CE Marking certifying products conformance

8
European directives
9
2004/108/EC Background
  • Review of 89/336/EEC as part of the SLIM (Simpler
    Legislation for the Internal Market) established
    a need to complete, reinforce, and clarify the
    directive
  • Member states adopt and publish laws to comply
    with directive by 20 January 2007
  • Apply laws adopted by 20 July 2007
  • Repeal 89/336/EEC by 20 July 2007
  • Not impede market for product complying with
    89/336/EEC placed on the market prior to 20 July
    2009

10
2004/108/EC Directive - Changes
  • Clarification of scope and definitions
  • Simplification of compliance methods DoC
  • Elimination of mandatory NB/CB examinations
  • Modified DoC supporting location of responsible
    parties by enforcement
  • Requirement for unique product identification
  • Clear treatment of fixed installations and their
    compliance obligations

11
Equipment exclusions
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive
2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
12
Flowchart 1 - notes
  • 1. Equipment without electrical or electronic
    parts is except
  • 2. Excluded equipment
  • RTTE (covered by 1999/5/EC)
  • Aeronautical parts, products and appliances
  • Radio equipment used by radio amateurs
  • 3. Equipment covered by other specific community
    directives
  • Motor vehicles (2004/104/EC)
  • Medical devices (various directives)
  • Marine equipment (6/98/EC)
  • Agricultural and forestry tractors (75/332/EEC)
  • Two or three wheeled motor vehicles (97/24/EC)
  • Measuring instruments (immunity excluded see
    2004/22/EC)
  • Non-automatic weighing instruments (immunity
    excluded see 90/334/EEC)
  • 4. Inherently benign equipment
  • Incapable of generating or contributing to
    emissions
  • Operate without degradation in the presence of
    EMI normally present
  • 5. Apparatus or fixed installation
    classification (to flowchart 4)

13
Scope for apparatus
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive
2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
14
Clarification of scope
  • Applicability
  • Equipment (apparatus fixed installation)
  • Apparatus - Any finished appliance or combination
    thereof made commercially available as a single
    functional unit
  • Component or sub-assemblies intended for
    incorporation into an apparatus by the end user
  • Mobile installation defined by a combination of
    apparatus intended to be moved and operated in a
    range of locations
  • Fixed installation - A particular combination of
    several type of apparatus which are assembled,
    installed and intended to be used permanently at
    a predefined location

15
Applicable provisions
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive
2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
16
Essential requirements Article 5
  • Apparatus
  • Electromagnetic disturbances generated do not
    exceed level to interfere with operation of
    radio, telecommunications or other equipment
  • Has a level of immunity to electromagnetic
    disturbances expected in its intended
    environment
  • Fixed installations
  • Use good engineering practices with a view to
    meeting apparatus requirements. Document those
    practices with the documentation on file as long
    as installation is in operation.

17
Conformity assessment article 7
  • Annex II
  • Perform electromagnetic assessment
  • Evaluate all configurations
  • Prepare technical documentation
  • Hold technical documentation 10-years after last
    manufacture
  • Attest to compliance by issuing DOC
  • Hold DOC 10-years after last manufacture
  • If manufacturer is not established within the
    Community, documentation will be held by person
    placing on the Community market
  • Manufacture according to technical documentation
  • Prepare technical documentation DOC per Annex
    IV
  • Annex III (Typically used where harmonized
    standards are not completely satisfied e.g., in
    situ testing)
  • Present technical documentation to Notified Body
  • Notified Body issues compliance statement
  • Include Notified Body statement in the technical
    documentation

18
Other markings article 9
  • Identify type, batch, serial number or any other
    information to allow for identification of the
    apparatus
  • Name and address of manufacturer and authorized
    representative placing apparatus on market
  • Specific precautions associated with assembly,
    installation, maintained or used for EMC
    protection (e.g., installation instructions,
    shielded cable use, etc.)
  • Restrictions for residential use appearing on the
    apparatus and packaging
  • Information required to enable the apparatus to
    be used for intended purpose contained in the
    accompanying instructions

19
CE Marking
  • Implementation of the CE Marking
  • Must be affixed to
  • Product
  • Packaging
  • Instructions for use, OR
  • Guarantee certificate
  • Can be used with other marks providing they do
    not reduce the visibility and legibility of the
    mark
  • The marking may include
  • The identification of a notified body involved in
    assessment

20
Product Identification
  • Each apparatus to be identified in terms of type,
    batch, serial number or other information
    allowing identification
  • Each apparatus shall be accompanied with
    Community contact information
  • Information must be provided on specific
    precautions for EMC protection (e.g.,
    installation instructions, shielded cable use,
    etc.)
  • Use restrictions for items where residential
    compliance is not ensured
  • Information on use for intended purpose included
    with the apparatus

21
Installations
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive
2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
22
Fixed Installations
  • Special section Article 13
  • Applies to a given fixed installation with the
    apparatus not commercially available
  • CE marking and mandatory pre-testing not required
  • Installation requires application of good
    engineering practices with documentation of EMC
    precautions incorporated
  • If EMC problems are indicated, authorities may
    request evidence of compliance
  • If non-compliance is established, appropriate
    measures to attain compliance may be imposed

23
Conformity assessment
From draft Guide for the EMC Directive
2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006
24
Conformity Assessment
  • Manufacturer performs an electromagnetic
    compatibility assessment applying all relevant
    harmonized standards published in OJ
  • Manufacturer prepares technical documentation
    providing evidence of compliance retains at
    least 10-years after date of last manufacture
  • Manufacturer prepares a Declaration of Conformity
    (DoC)
  • The CE mark may be placed on the equipment

25
Non-harmonized/Incomplete Application of Standards
  • If harmonized standards are not followed or
    partially followed
  • Technical documentation is more complex to
    justify the DoC describing the steps taken to
    meet the essential requirements
  • Review by a Notified Body to obtain an opinion on
    conformity
  • NB opinion adds weight in case of a dispute but
    does not solely authenticate the DoC

26
Technical documentation Annex IV
  • The technical documentation must enable the
    conformity with the essential requirements to be
    assessed. It must cover the design and
    manufacture in particular. Must contain
  • General description of the apparatus
  • Evidence of compliance to the standards
  • In the case where the harmonized standards are
    not used completely, a description of steps taken
    to assure compliance with the essential
    requirements including the EMC assessment, design
    calculations, examinations accomplished, test
    reports, etc.
  • Statement from notified body when used

27
DOC Annex IV
  • The EC declaration of conformity must contain
  • A reference to the applicable directive
  • Identification to the apparatus
  • Name and address of manufacturer and authorized
    Community representative if applicable
  • Dated reference to the specifications to which
    conformity is declared
  • Date of the declaration
  • Identity and signature of person empowered to
    bind the company

28
EMC Test Standards
  • Product specific test standards establish
    requirements and typically point to test method
    standards. Normally include
  • Radiated Emissions CISPR 11 or CISPR 22
  • Conducted Emissions CISPR 11 or CISPR 22
  • Harmonic Emissions EN 61000-3-2
  • Flicker EN 61000-3-3
  • Electrostatic Discharge EN 61000-4-2
  • Radiated Immunity EN 61000-4-3
  • Electrically Fast Transient Immunity EN
    61000-4-4
  • Surge Immunity EN 61000-4-5
  • Conducted Immunity EN 61000-4-6
  • Magnetic Immunity - EN 61000-4-8
  • Voltage dips/interrupts EN61000-4-11

29
EMC Design 10-steps
  • 1. Establish a 0V return
  • 2. Tend to the cables
  • 3. Power distribution
  • 4. Component layout
  • 5. Signal distribution
  • 6. Filtering
  • 7. Filter installation
  • 8. Sealing the enclosure
  • 9. Deal with analog circuits
  • 10. Switch mode power supplies
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