Estrus Synchronization Planner

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Feeding Value of Distillers GrainsDan LoyIowa
State University
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Outline

• Ethanol Products-Processes
• Challenges and Opportunities with Distillers
  grains for Livestock
• Phosphorous Nutrition in Cattle
• P Calculator

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Iowa Ethanol Production (Millions of Gallons
Source Iowa Corn Promotion Board
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63
Source Bob Wisner
Source Bob Wisner
Capacity 129 of 2006 crop
Iowa corn processing ethanol plants, current
planned, 10/26/06
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Figure 2.
8/30/06
Source Bob Wisner
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5.5 Bil. Bu for ethanol
With 6.5 bil. Bu. 51.8 Mil. T
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Can we feed it all?
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Corn 3.80 /bu or 136/ton DDGS 125/ton
Baumel and Wisner
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Co-Products of Wet Milling

• Corn Gluten Feed
• Corn Gluten Meal
• Corn Germ Meal
• Corn Oil
• Steep Water
• Corn Bran
• Distillers Solubles

Photos Corn Refiners Ass.
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Co-Products of Dry Milling

• Distillers Grains
• Distillers Solubles
• Distillers Grains w/solubles wet, modified or dry

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Modified Dry Distillers
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Distillers feeds

• Distillers dried grains
• Well researched, global commodity
• Distillers wet grains and solubles
• Local resource for value added agriculture and
  community economic development
• Both are excellent feeds

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Characteristics of Distillers Coproducts

• High fiber (rapidly digested)
• High energy (100 of corn for wet products )
• High protein (30 on DM basis)
• Minerals (High P, S) (Low Ca)

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Wet Milling Products Chart
Corn Starch Germ Gluten Bran Lite Steep
Water SEM CCO Heavy Steep Water
Starch Sweetener Dextrose Corn Gluten
Feed Ethanol Fermentation Etoh
Distillers Solubles Other Fermentations
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WET CORN GLUTEN FEED
High fiber (rapidly digested) High energy
(95-100 of corn) High protein (21) Minerals
(High P, K, Mg, S) (Low Ca)
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Nutrient Profile
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Nutrient Profile
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New processing methods Fractionation

• Corn kernal is fractioned
• Endosperm-gtFermented-gtEthanol High protein
  Distillers and solubles
• Bran mixed with solubles-gt Bran Cake
• Germ

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New processing methods Fractionation

• High Protein DG 40
• Germ Product
• Bran Product 12 Protein, High Fiber similar
  in energy to corn

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Deoiled distillersComposition of VeraSun Feed
ProductsOil removed after the fermentation
Corn ME 3.72 kcal/g
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Benefits and Challenges (Swine and Poultry)

• Benefits
• Potentially low cost feed ingredient
• Improves gut health (pigs)
• Phosphorous availability is improved
• Challenges
• Fiber limits performance
• Amino acid profile (low in lysine)
• Pork fat quality
• Inclusion
• Poultry (10-15), finishing swine (20), breeding
  swine can use higher levels

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Benefits and Challenges (Dairy Rations)

• Benefits
• Excellent source of protein, energy and
  phosporous
• Fiber well utilized
• Challenges
• Fat content limits inclusion levels
• Amino acid balance may be an issue with the high
  producing dairy cow
• Inclusion
• Limited to less than 20 of diet (lactating dairy
  cow)

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Benefits and Challenges (Cow-calf operations)

• Benefits
• Excellent source of protein, energy and P
• Compliments low quality forages and crop residues
• Stretches pasture and forage supply
• Challenges
• Needed in small quantities often under extensive
  conditions (delivery systems)
• Long term storage of wet feeds
• May need to adjust mineral programs and other
  supplements

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Feeding of DDGS Cycles as Well.
Calving
Late Preg.
Weaning
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McNay FarmBagging Modified Distillers Grain and
Solubles
Approx. 1.25 tons/foot of bag
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McNay FarmBagging 80 Wet DGS 20 Ground Hay
Approx. 1.1 tons/foot of bag
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Substitution of DDG for Grass

• 1 Pound DDG reduced grass consumption .5 to 1.5
  pounds (dry matter).
• 4-5 pounds DDG should reduce grass DMI by 2-7
  pounds.

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Benefits (Feedlots)

• Quality Protein source
• Energy equals or exceeds corn grain
• Low starch improves management
• Works well with less grain processing
• High moisture feeds superior
• Cheap (potentially)

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Effect of level of feeding on energy value of
Distillers grains
Feeding Value (of Corn) 0 50 100 150
Based Research at Midwest Universities Almost 1
decrease in energy value fore each 1 increase in
inclusion level (Nebraska analysis)
0 10 20 30 40 50 Distillers Grains
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Challenges (Feedlot)

• Fat content limits usage to 40-50 of ration dry
  matter
• Sulfur content may limit usage to even lower
  levels depending on source
• High moisture feeds have short shelf life
• Phosphorous will be in excess of requirements

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Feeding Levels Can be Limited by Sulfur
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Phosphorus Excretion Steers fed control,
distillers soluble or wet DG

• Feeding distillers co-products
• Did not change P metabolism
• Increased P excretion
• Feeding DGS is a manure management issue

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Use of DGS in Feedlot Diets
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Land Area Required for Manure DisposalCorn -
Nitrogen Balance
Assumptions Manure added based on crop removal
corn yield 150 bu/acre 50 of manure N lost as
ammonia 1000-head feedlot occupied 304 days/year
Trenkle (2006)
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Land Area Required Corn ProductionManure
Disposal - P
Trenkle (2006)
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Thank You
Questions? www.iowabeefcenter.org dloy_at_iastate.ed
u (515) 294-BEEF