Fourth Grade Vocabulary of Mathematics

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Fourth GradeVocabulary of Mathematics
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period
Each group of 3 digits separated by a comma in a
number is called a period.
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estimate
To find an approximate answer rather than an
exact answer.
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round
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Addition Properties

• Zero Property When you add zero to a number,
  the sum is that number.

• Commutative Property When you change the order
  of the addends, the sum stays the same.

• Associative Property When you change the way
  addends are grouped, the sum stays the same.

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To use 1 ten for 10 ones, 1 hundred for 10 tens,
15 ones for 1 ten 5 ones, and so on
regroup
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expressions
4 (67 - 3)
45 78
6 X 3
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EQUATION
A number sentence that says two expressions have
the same value is called an equation.
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A number sentence that says two expressions do
not have the same value is called an inequality.
INEQUALITY
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variable
A letter or symbol used to stand for a number is
called a
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Algebraic expressions
Expressions that contain variables are called
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two variable equation
3x 7z 0
A variable is a symbol that represents a number.
An equation is a statement that two numbers or
expressions are equal.
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factor
factor a number that is multiplied
2 x 9 18
product
factor
product the answer in a multiplication
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Multiplications Properties

• Commutative Property When you change the order
  of the factor, the product stays the same.

• Property of One When you multiply any number by
  1, the product is equal to the other factor.

• Zero Property When you multiply any number by
  zero , the product is 0

• Associative Property When you group factors in
  different ways, the product stays the same.

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array
to set or place in order.
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fact family
Fact families are 3 numbers that are related
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DIVIDE
to separate into equal parts or groups.
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dividend the number that is being divided
quotientthe answer in division
12 2 6
divisorthe number of equal parts or the number
in each part
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remainder
When you divide, the remainder tells how many are
left. The remainder must always be less than the
divisor.
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Is a whole number that has exactly two factors,
itself and 1. When a prime number is divided by
any whole number other than itself or 1, the
remainder will not be zero.
Prime number
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multiples
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A multiple of a counting number is the product of
the number and any counting number. If a number
is a multiple of two or more numbers, it is
called a common multiple of the number.
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Composite number
Has more than two factors.
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DIVISIBLE
A whole number is divisible by another number if
the remainder is zero. 18 is divisible by 2
because 18 2 9 18 is not divisible by 4
because 18 4 4 R2
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NUMBERS ARE DIVISIBLE BY 2
EVEN
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ODD
NUMBERS ARE NOT DIVISIBLE BY 2
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AVERAGE
To calculate the average of the numbers in a
group, divide their sum by the number of addends.
This average is also called the mean
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AVERAGE
STEP 1 Find the sum of the numbers. Count the
addends. 15 21 12 48
STEP 2 Divide the sum by the number of
addends. 48
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3
3 addends
sum
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perimeter
The distance around a figure is called its
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Units of Length
10 millimeters (mm) 1 centimeter (cm) 10
centimeter 1 decimeter (dm) 10 decimeters 1
meter (m) 1,000 meters 1 kilometer (km)
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inch
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half -inch
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quarter -inch
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meter (m)
The international standard unit of length,
approximately equivalent to 39.37 inches.
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centimeter
one-hundredth of a meter a unit of length.
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millimeter
a metric unit of length equal to one thousandth
of a meter.
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Capacity
Is the amount a container can hold.
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Milliliter (mL)
A milliliter (abbreviated mL) is a measure of
volume. 1000 milliliters equal 1 liter. 1
milliliter is also equal to one cubic centimeter.
1000 mL 1 L 1 mL 1 cm3

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Liter (L)
unit of volume in the metric system
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weight
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gram (g)
is a unit of mass.
The gram (g) is the standard unit of mass in the
metric or System Internationale (SI) system
The gram (g) is the standard unit of mass in the
metric or System Internationale (SI) system
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kilogram (kg)
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degrees Fahrenheit ( F)
A thermometer can be used to measure temperature
in.
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Temperatures below 0 F are negative temperatures.
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degrees Celsius ( C)
In the metric system, temperature is measures in
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Time line
Can be used to show when events happened or when
they will happen.
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century
Is 100 years.
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decade
Is 10 years.
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fraction
Is a number that describes the part of a hole. A
fraction can describe part of a collection of
things.
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fraction
1 3 .
numerator
denominator
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equivalent fraction
Fractions that name the same part of a whole are
called
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simplest form
A fraction is in
when 1 is the only number that divides both the
numerator and the denominator
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decimal
A Decimal Number (based on the number 10)
contains a Decimal Point
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decimal point
The number to the left of the decimal point is a
whole number
The first digit on the right means tenths (1/10).
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decimal equivalent
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tenths
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median
When a set of numbers is ordered from least to
greatest, the middle number is called the median.
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outlier
Is a number that is distant from most of the
other data. Some data sets do not have
outliers.Other data sets have one or more
outliers.
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Double bar graph
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line graph
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PROBABILITY
Is a way of describing how likely is that an
event will happen.
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OUTCOME
An outcome is a possible result of probability
experiment.
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PREDICTION
In some situations you can use probability to
make a prediction about what is likely to happen.
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Tree diagram
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grid
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point
Is a location in space
B
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line
You can draw a line though any two points. A line
goes on without end in both directions.
C
D
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LINE SEGMENT
Q
R
A line segment is part of a line. It has two
endpoints.
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Parallel lines
Lines that are always the same distant apart are
Y
L
z
K
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intersecting lines
Lines that cross each other are
Y
K
J
z
L
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Perpendicular
Two lines that form right angles are
perpendicular to each other
Y
K
L
J
z
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RAY
Q
R
A ray line is also a part of a line. A ray has
only one end point and goes on without end in one
direction.
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angle
B
sides
vertex
Q
R
An angle is form by two rays with a common point.
The rays are the side of the angle. The common
endpoint is a vertex of the angle.
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Right angle
Q
B
R
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obtuse angle
Q
B
R
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acute angle
Q
B
R
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polygon
Is a flat, closed plane figure made up of three
or more line segments called sides
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rectangle
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rectangle
Opposite sides congruent four right angels
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square
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square
Four congruent sides Four right angles
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trapezoid
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trapezoid
One pair of parallel sides
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parallelogram
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parallelogram
Opposite sides congruent and parallel
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rhombus
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rhombus
four congruent sides opposite sides parallel
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Equilateral Triangle
All sides are the same length.
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Isosceles Triangle
At least two sides are the same length.
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Scalene Triangle
no sides are the same length.
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Right Triangle
One angle is a right angle.
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Obtuse Triangle
One angle is an obtuse angle.
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Acute Triangle
All angles are acute angles.
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circle
A circle is made up of all points in a plane that
are the same distance from a given point in that
plane, called the center. Point D is the center
of this circle.
G
D
E
F
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radius
A radius is any line segment that joins a point
on the circle to the center of the circle.
G
D
E
F
DE or ED is a radius of this circle
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diameter
A diameter is any line segment that passes
through the center of a circle and has its
endpoints on the circle.
G
D
E
F
GF or FG is a diameter of this circle
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congruent
Plane figures that have the same shape and the
same size are congruent figures.
congruent
congruent
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congruent
congruent
congruent
These figures are not congruent
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perimeter
The distance around a figure is called its
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area
The number of square units needed to cover a
figure is called the area of the figure.
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• A cube has 6 faces.
• Two faces meet to form an edge
• The point where three edges meet is a vertex

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surface area
The surface area of a solid figure is the sum of
the areas of all the faces of the figure.
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Volume
Volume (V) is the amount of space inside a solid
figure. Volume is measure in cubic units.
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ordered pair
6 5 4 3 2 1
A pair of numbers used to locate a point on a
grid.
A
B
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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coordinates
6 5 4 3 2 1
the numbers in an ordered pair are called
coordinates.
A (2, 4)
B (1, 3)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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plot
Plot the point on the grid. The first coordinate
tells the distance to the right. The second
coordinate tells the distance up.
6 5 4 3 2 1
A (2, 4)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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Integers
Negative integers are less than 0.
Positive integers are greater than 0.
Zero is neither positive or negative. It is its
own opposite.
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The vertical number line is the y axis.
3 2 1 -1 -2 -3 -4
Y
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
3 4 X
The horizontal number line is the x axis.
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The point where the number lines, or axes cross
is the origin. The coordinates of the origin are
(0, 0).