Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

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Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Transport and Metabolism
Introduction
Homeostasis
Receptors
Grab Bag
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FINAL ROUND
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Introduction 100 Question

• The endocrine system communicates with target
  cells by way of this
• a. chemical messengers that do not
  leave the cell where they are produced
• b. chemical messengers secreted
  into the bloodstream
• c. chemical messengers secreted
  through ducts into other organ
• d. electrical signals

ANSWER
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Introduction 100 Answer

• The endocrine system communicates with target
  cells by way of this
• a. chemical messengers that do not
  leave the cell where they are produced
• b. chemical messengers secreted
  into the bloodstream
• c. chemical messengers secreted
  through ducts into other organ
• d. electrical signals

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4
Introduction 200 Question

• Given these characteristics 1.
  amplitude-modulated signals2. all-or-none
  response3. usually slower response4. effects
  usually more generally distributedList the
  characteristics that apply to the endocrine
  system when compared to the nervous system.
• a. 2,3 c. 1,3,4
• b. 1,2,4 d. 1,2 3,4

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5
Introduction 200 Answer

• Given these characteristics 1.
  amplitude-modulated signals2. all-or-none
  response3. usually slower response4. effects
  usually more generally distributedList the
  characteristics that apply to the endocrine
  system when compared to the nervous system.
• a. 2,3 c. 1,3,4
• b. 1,2,4 d. 1,2 3,4

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6
Introduction 300 Question

• Chemical signals that are secreted into the
  environment and modify the behavior and
  physiology of other individuals are called this
• a. autocrine chemical signals
• b. pheromones
• c. paracrine chemical signals
• d. hormones
• e. neurotransmitters

ANSWER
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7
Introduction 300 Answer

• Chemical signals that are secreted into the
  environment and modify the behavior and
  physiology of other individuals are called this
• a. autocrine chemical signals
• b. pheromones
• c. paracrine chemical signals
• d. hormones
• e. neurotransmitters

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8
Introduction 400 Question

• Neurohormones are intercellular chemical signals
  that do this
• a. produced by groups of cells and
  affect neurons
• b. released by cells and affect other cell types
  locally
• c. produced by neurons and act like hormones
• d. released by neurons and stimulate or inhibit
  other neurons

ANSWER
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Introduction 400 Answer

• Neurohormones are intercellular chemical signals
  that do this
• a. produced by groups of cells and affect
  neurons
• b. released by cells and affect other cell
  types locally
• c. produced by neurons and act like
  hormones
• d. released by neurons and stimulate or
  inhibit other neurons

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10
Introduction 500 Question

• Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and
  glucocorticoids are all examples of this
• a. proteins
• b. glycoproteins
• c. polypeptides
• d. amino acid derivatives
• e. steroids

ANSWER
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Introduction 500 Answer

• Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and
  glucocorticoids are all examples of this
• a. proteins
• b. glycoproteins
• c. polypeptides
• d. amino acid derivatives
• e. steroids

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12
Homeostasis 100 Question

• This statement about hormones is true except
• a. are secreted at a constant rate
• b. function to regulate the rates of
  many activities in the body
• c. secretion rate is controlled by
  negative feedback mechanisms
• d. help maintain homeostasis

ANSWER
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13
Homeostasis 100 Answer

• This statement about hormones is true except
• a. are secreted at a constant rate
• b. function to regulate the rates of
  many activities in the body
• c. secretion rate is controlled by
  negative feedback mechanisms
• d. help maintain homeostasis

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14
Homeostasis 200 Question

• This regulates the secretion of a hormone from an
  endocrine tissue
• a. other hormones
• b. negative-feedback mechanisms
• c. nonhormone substance in the blood
• d. the nervous system
• e. all of the above

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Homeostasis 200 Answer

• This regulates the secretion of a hormone from an
  endocrine tissue
• a. other hormones
• b. negative-feedback mechanisms
• c. nonhormone substance in the blood
• d. the nervous system
• e. all of the above

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16
Homeostasis 300 Question

• Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the
  autonomic nervous system during exercise results
  in secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
  into the blood when exercise ends, the amount of
  epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood
  decreases rapidly. This is an example of
• a. acute hormone regulation
• b. chronic hormone regulation
• c. cyclic hormone regulation

ANSWER
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Homeostasis 300 Answer

• Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the
  autonomic nervous system during exercise results
  in secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
  into the blood when exercise ends, the amount of
  epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood
  decreases rapidly. This is an example of
• a. acute hormone regulation
• b. chronic hormone regulation
• c. cyclic hormone regulation

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18
Homeostasis 400 Question

• When blood glucose levels increase, hormone "A"
  is secreted. Based on this information, hormone A
  is controlled by this
• a. changes in the level of a chemical in
  the blood
• b. direct stimulation by the nervous system
• c. stimulation by a hormone released
  from another endocrine gland
• d. a hypothalamic releasing factor

ANSWER
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19
Homeostasis 400 Answer

• When blood glucose levels increase, hormone "A"
  is secreted. Based on this information, hormone A
  is controlled by this
• a. changes in the level of a chemical in
  the blood
• b. direct stimulation by the nervous system
• c. stimulation by a hormone released
  from another endocrine gland
• d. a hypothalamic releasing factor

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20
Homeostasis 500 Question

• Hormone "A" stimulates the release of hormone
  "B." As levels of hormone "B" increase, the
  secretion of hormone "A" is inhibited. This
  control mechanism is this
• a. negative feedback
• b. positive feedback
• c. neural control
• d. amplification

ANSWER
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21
Homeostasis 500 Answer

• Hormone "A" stimulates the release of hormone
  "B." As levels of hormone "B" increase, the
  secretion of hormone "A" is inhibited. This
  control mechanism is this
• a. negative feedback
• b. positive feedback
• c. neural control
• d. amplification

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22
Transport and Metabolism 100 Question

• Hormones bind to binding proteins in a reversible
  fashion.
• True/False

ANSWER
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23
Transport and Metabolism 100 Answer

• Hormones bind to binding proteins in a reversible
  fashion.
• True/False

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24
Transport and Metabolism 200 Question

• Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins, must do
  this
• a. pass through capillary cells
• b. pass through pores in the capillary
  endothelium
• c. be moved out of the capillary by active
  transport
• d. remain in the blood

ANSWER
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25
Transport and Metabolism 200 Answer

• Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins, must do
  this
• a. pass through capillary cells
• b. pass through pores in the capillary
  endothelium
• c. be moved out of the capillary by
  active transport
• d. remain in the blood

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26
Transport and Metabolism 300 Question

• These statements about these lipid-soluble
  hormones are true except
• a. have relatively long half-lives
• b. are degraded rapidly by enzymes
• c. have half-lives that increase and
  decrease slowly
• d. regulate activities that have a long
  duration

ANSWER
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27
Transport and Metabolism 300 Answer

• These statements about these lipid-soluble
  hormones are true except
• a. have relatively long half-lives
• b. are degraded rapidly by enzymes
• c. have half-lives that increase and
  decrease slowly
• d. regulate activities that have a long
  duration

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28
Transport and Metabolism 400 Question

• This process makes hormones less active or
  increases elimination by attaching water-soluble
  molecules such as sulfate or glucuronic acid
  groups to them in the liver
• a. active transport
• b. conjugation
• c. excretion
• d. metabolism

ANSWER
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29
Transport and Metabolism 400 Answer

• This process makes hormones less active or
  increases elimination by attaching water-soluble
  molecules such as sulfate or glucuronic acid
  groups to them in the liver
• a. active transport
• b. conjugation
• c. excretion
• d. metabolism

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30
Transport and Metabolism 500 Question

• A hormone is secreted in large amounts, modified
  by the liver, and excreted by the kidney rapidly,
  thus making its half-life very short. A patient
  that has liver and kidney disease would see this
  effect
• a. the hormone is not modified and excreted
  rapidly
• b. increases blood levels of this hormone
• c. concentration remains high for a longer time
• d. decreases blood levels of this hormone
• e. a, b and c

ANSWER
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31
Transport and Metabolism 500 Answer

• A hormone is secreted in large amounts, modified
  by the liver, and excreted by the kidney rapidly,
  thus making its half-life very short. A patient
  that has liver and kidney disease would see this
  effect
• a. the hormone is not modified and excreted
  rapidly
• b. increases blood levels of this hormone
• c. concentration remains high for a longer time
• d. decreases blood levels of this hormone
• e. a, b and c

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32
Receptors100 Question

• Thyroid hormones, testosterone, estrogen,
  aldosterone, and cortisol are small lipid-soluble
  hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors.
• True/False

ANSWER
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33
Receptors100 Answer

• Thyroid hormones, testosterone, estrogen,
  aldosterone, and cortisol are small lipid-soluble
  hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors.
• True/False

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34
Receptors 200 Question

• Intracellular hormone receptors are found here
• a. floating freely in the cytoplasm of
  target cells
• b. in the nucleus
• c. in the mitochondria
• d. in the endoplasmic reticulum
• e. both a and b

ANSWER
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35
Receptors 200 Answer

• Intracellular hormone receptors are found here
• a. floating freely in the cytoplasm of
  target cells
• b. in the nucleus
• c. in the mitochondria
• d. in the endoplasmic reticulum
• e. both a and b

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36
Receptors 300 Question

• Given these events1. cAMP is synthesized.2.
  The a subunit of G protein is activated.3.
  Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP.
• Choose the arrangement that lists the events in
  the order they occur after a chemical signal
  binds to a receptor.
• a. 1,2,3 c. 2,1,3
• b. 1,3,2 d. 2,3,1

ANSWER
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37
Receptors 300 Answer

• Given these events1. cAMP is synthesized.2.
  The a subunit of G protein is activated.3.
  Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP.
• Choose the arrangement that lists the events in
  the order they occur after a chemical signal
  binds to a receptor.
• a. 1,2,3 c. 2,1,3
• b. 1,3,2 d. 2,3,1

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38
Receptors 400 Question

• These statements describe chemical signals
  binding to membrane-bound receptors except
• a. DNA produces mRNA
• b. G proteins are activated
• c. the receptor-hormone complex
  causes ion channels to open or close
• d. the chemical signal is usually a large,
  water-soluble molecule
• e. the cell's response is fast

ANSWER
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39
Receptors 400 Answer

• These statements describe chemical signals
  binding to membrane-bound receptors except
• a. DNA produces mRNA
• b. G proteins are activated
• c. the receptor-hormone complex
  causes ion channels to open or close
• d. the chemical signal is usually a large,
  water-soluble molecule
• e. the cell's response is fast

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40
Receptors 500 Question

• Intracellular receptors are better adapted for
  mediating responses that last a relatively long
  time due to this
• a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the
  cytoplasm
• b. cAMP is broken down quickly
• c. mRNA is synthesized
• d. synthesis of new proteins
• e. c and d

ANSWER
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41
Receptors 500 Answer

• Intracellular receptors are better adapted for
  mediating responses that last a relatively long
  time due to this
• a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the
  cytoplasm
• b. cAMP is broken down quickly
• c. mRNA is synthesized
• d. synthesis of new proteins
• e. c and d

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42
Grab Bag100 Question

• If there is a decrease in the specific plasma
  protein to which a hormone binds, this occurs
• a. more free hormone occurs
• b. less hormone binds to target cells
• c. blood levels of the hormone increase
• d. all of these

ANSWER
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43
Grab Bag 100 Answer

• If there is a decrease in the specific plasma
  protein to which a hormone binds, this occurs
• a. more free hormone occurs
• b. less hormone binds to target cells
• c. blood levels of the hormone increase
• d. all of these

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44
Grab Bag 200 Question

• Down-regulation occurs because of this
• a. both hormone and receptor are taken
  into the cell by phagocytosis
• b. receptor molecules are degraded more
  quickly
• c. there is a decrease in the rate of
  receptor synthesis
• d. all of these

ANSWER
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45
Grab Bag 200 Answer

• Down-regulation occurs because of this
• a. both hormone and receptor are taken
  into the cell by phagocytosis
• b. receptor molecules are degraded more
  quickly
• c. there is a decrease in the rate of
  receptor synthesis
• d. all of these

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46
Grab Bag 300 Question

• This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule
• a. cAMP
• b. cGMP
• c. ADH
• d. DAG
• e. IP3

ANSWER
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47
Grab Bag 300 Answer

• This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule
• a. cAMP
• b. cGMP
• c. ADH
• d. DAG
• e. IP3

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48
Grab Bag 400 Question

• A hormone controls the concentration of some
  substance in the circulatory system. A tumor
  begins to produce that substance in large amounts
  in an uncontrolled fashion. The secretion rate
  for the hormone would
• a. increase by positive feedback
• b. decrease by negative feedback
• c. decrease by positive feedback
• c. stay the same

ANSWER
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49
Grab Bag 400 Answer

• A hormone controls the concentration of some
  substance in the circulatory system. A tumor
  begins to produce that substance in large amounts
  in an uncontrolled fashion. The secretion rate
  for the hormone would
• a. increase by positive feedback
• b. decrease by negative feedback
• c. decrease by positive feedback
• c. stay the same

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50
Grab Bag 500 Question

• Given these events1. activation of cAMP2.
  activation of genes3. enzyme activity altered
• These events can occur when a hormone binds to an
  intracellular hormone receptor
• a. 1 c. 2,3
• b. 1,2 d. 1,2,3

ANSWER
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51
Grab Bag 500 Answer

• Given these events1. activation of cAMP2.
  activation of genes3. enzyme activity altered
• These events can occur when a hormone binds to an
  intracellular hormone receptor
• a. 1 c. 2,3
• b. 1,2 d. 1,2,3

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52
FINAL ROUND Question

• This might be a consequence of trying to use a
  skin patch to administer a constant level of
  insulin to a patient who has diabetes mellitus
• a. too little insulin available after a meal
  when sugar levels are high
• b. too much insulin available between
  meals when sugar levels are low
• c. would control blood sugar levels well
• d. a and b

ANSWER
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53
FINAL ROUND Answer

• This might be a consequence of trying to use a
  skin patch to administer a constant level of
  insulin to a patient who has diabetes mellitus
• a. too little insulin available after a meal
  when sugar levels are high
• b. too much insulin available between
  meals when sugar levels are low
• c. would control blood sugar levels well
• d. a and b

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