Recent Results from the MAGIC Project and Outlook

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Recent Results from the MAGIC Project and
Outlook José Antonio Coarasa Pérez for the
MAGIC Collaboration Max-Planck-Institut für
Physik, Munich
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The MAGIC telescope
Major Atmospheric Gamma-Ray Imaging Cherenkov
Telescope
Canary Island La Palma

• Largest Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescope for
  ?-ray astronomy(17 m mirror dish)
• Design optimized for
• low energy thresholdE? 50 GeV
• fast repositioning tRlt30 sec

2200 m asl
Collaboration 150 physiciststechnicians, 16
institutes, 9 countries Barcelona IFAE,
Barcelona UAB, HU Berlin, U.C. Davis, U.
Dortmund, U. Lodz, UCM Madrid, MPI München, INFN/
U. Padova, INFN/ U. Siena, Inst. for Nuclear
Research Sofia, Tuorla Observatory, Yerevan Phys.
Institute, INFN/ U. Udine, U. Würzburg, ETH
Zürich.
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Motivation for MAGIC
100-300 GeV was unexplored in IACT before MAGIC
and HESS 10-100 GeV is still unexplored
Main astrophysical targets for the MAGIC Telescope
EBL indirect measurements
Aim to perform ASTROPHYSICS with VHE radiation
emitting objects also contribute to COSMOLOGY
and PARTICLE PHYSICS
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Key technological elements for MAGIC
Active mirror control (PSF 90 of light in
0.1o inner pixel)
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Status of MAGIC

• October 2003 Inauguration

• until August 2004 Commissioning

1 Year 365 x 24 h. 8760 h. Observation time
930 h.
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January 2005 SNOW STORM
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February 2005 EVEN MORE SNOW
We could not perform observations over 2 months
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September 2005 FIRE
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November 2005 WIND STORM (Delta)
Wind speed up to 152 km/h
Telescope should stand up to 170 km/h
MAGIC survived all these incidences (with only
minor problems) Yet we all
hope this year is an easier one
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Crab Pulsar The standard candle

• strong steady source of GeV/TeV gamma rays
  (Whipple 89)
• Standard candle to test performance Cherenkov
  Telescopes
• Ideal test case for developing new analysis
  methods.

E gt 200 GeV
Only statistical errors
Wagner et al, 29th ICRC, August 2005
gt 5 ? detection in 3 min
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Crab Pulsar The standard candle
2004 September, October
2005 January

• Indead stable
• Even after hardware changes in January
• We understand the performance of the telescope

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Energy Spectrum of Crab
Differential photon flux
No SSC peak down to 100 GeV
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Crab Pulsar

• Most energetic pulsar (Lm 5?1038 erg s-1)
• Only pulsar whose pulsed emission phase is the
  same in all wavelengths.

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Crab Pulsar with MAGIC
NO PULSATION DETECTED AT ENERGIES gt 100 GeV
Lopez et al, 29th ICRC, August 2005
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The Galactic Center
Quite some excitement due to the latest
detections in this region
CANGAROO II, Jul 2001, Jul-Aug 2003, 67 h, about
9 sigma
(Tsuchiya et al,2004)
WHIPPLE/VERITAS, 1995-2003, 26 h, about 4 sigma,
(Large Zenith Angle)
(Koshack et al,2004)
HESS, Jun-Jul and Jul-Aug 2003, (1 and 2
telescopes) 5 h and 12 h, about 6 and 9 sigma

• Discrepancy among measurements
• inter-calibration problems?
• time variability of VHE g-ray emission? (highly
  variable emission in X-rays and IR)
• Interesting object to observe in context of DM
  annihilation

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The Galactic Center by MAGIC
Bartko et al, 29th ICRC, August 2005
Accepted in ApJ Letters
7.3 sigma
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The Galactic Center by MAGIC
Bartko et al, 29th ICRC, August 2005
Accepted in ApJ Letters
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HESS 1813-178 by MAGIC
1st independent confirmation
High energy galactic source discovered recently
by HESS Aharonian et al, Science 307 (2005)
1938-1942
astro-ph/0512283
Accepted in ApJ Letters
10.6 sigma
10.6 sigma
Association with SNR G12.82-0.02
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HESS 1834-087 by MAGIC
1st independent confirmation
High energy galactic source discovered recently
by HESS Aharonian et al, Science 307 (2005)
1938-1942
6.8 sigma
6.8 sigma
Association with SNR G23.3-0.3
Data analysis ongoing
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Mrk 421

• First detected in VHE gamma rays by WHIPPLE
  (Punch et al, 1992).
• First extragalactic detection in VHE gamma
  rays
• Highly variable source (doubling flux in 15
  minutes) with high correlations between gamma
  rays and x-rays
• Super-massive black hole surrounded by an
  accretion disk
• Jets of highly energetic particles pointing
  towards the Earth (Blazar)
• Preferred model for the gamma ray emission
  Inverse Compton

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Mrk421 by MAGIC
Mazin et al, 29th ICRC, August 2005
High variability observed
Clear X-gamma ray correlation
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Mrk 421 by MAGIC and HESS

• December 2004 first simultaneous observations
  with HESS

December 14th, RXTE found Mkn421 flaring in
X-rays
Coordinated action was perform within days
(Detected Flux about 1 Crab)
MAGIC
HESS
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1ES1959650

• 1998 First VHE ? detection Utah Seven Telescope
  Array
• (Nishiyama et al, 1999)
• Confirmed in 2002 by WHIPPLE and HEGRA
• (Holder et al, 2003 - Aharonian et al, 2003)

• Jets of highly energetic particles pointing
  towards the Earth (Blazar)
• Preferred model for the gamma ray emission
  Inverse Compton

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Interesting things About 1ES1959650
2 - Orphan flare in TeV-rays in June 2002
(High activity in ?-rays with low activity in
X-rays) Leptonic or hadronic acceleration ??
Hint for neutrino excess recently reported
by AMANDA (Paris, 2005)
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1ES1959650 by MAGIC
Light curves
No variation observed Mean flux 15 Crab flux
X-ray flux without substantial variations
1ES1959 detected in quiescent state
Tuorla Observatory
Optical flux lower than previous period
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1ES1959650 by MAGIC
astro-ph/0508543 (Accepted in ApJ)
Peak of Inverse Compton NOT seen down to 200 GeV
? 2.7 0.1
Only statistical errors
? 3.2 0.2
Performance of the new IACT instruments allow to
do VHE ?-astronomy of blazars in quiescent state
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Mrk 501

• First detected in VHE gamma rays by WHIPPLE
  (Quinn et al, 1996)
• and HEGRA CT1 (Bradbury et al, 1996).
• Second extragalactic detection in VHE gamma
  rays
• 147 h. of ON observation 5.2 sigmas
  detection with CT1 (quiescent state)
• Variable source with high correlations between
  gamma rays and x-rays
• (Huge flare in 1997, up to 10 Crabs)
• Jets of highly energetic particles pointing
  towards the Earth (Blazar)
• Preferred model for the gamma ray emission
  Inverse Compton

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Mrk 501 by MAGIC

• Source found mostly in quiescent state (0.3-0.5
  Crab Units above 200 GeV).
• Not all data analyzed yet
• Signal above 5 sigmas in only 1/2 hour (for 30
  Crab) !!!!

Mkn 501 was active on July 1st
Emitting at 4 Crab Units !!
Crab flux
June 2005
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Mrk 501 by MAGIC
X-rays measured by ASM since 1994 (average over
700 obs.)
X-rays measured by ASM during last 2 weeks

• Source was not found active by the ASM detector
• !!! ORPHAN flare !!!!

Thats getting exciting data analysis
ongoing
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1ES1218304 by MAGIC
Discovery in VHE !!
(z 0.182)
Analysis still ongoing
7.4 sigma
PRELIMINARY
PRELIMINARY
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?-RAY BURSTs by MAGIC
On 13 July 2005 MAGIC observed a GRB only 40 s
after prompt emission
Drive system improvement
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?-RAY BURST by MAGIC
Second GRB that is observed by XRT instrument at
SWIFT
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?-RAY BURST by MAGIC
Light curve GRB050713, as observed with MAGIC
Submitted to ApJ Letters
No significant excess above 175 GeV
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MAGIC II improved Clone

• Clone overall design / telescope structure of
  MAGIC I gt save time and money for redesign

• Employ improved technologies for key elements
• High(er) Quantum Efficiency Camera(gt lower
  energy threshold )
• HPDs (QE up to 50)
• long term SiliconPMs (QE up to 60 - 80
  possible)
• Fast 2Gsamples/sec digitization
• multiplexer FADC (already for MAGIC I in April)
• switch capacitors (fast flexible solution
  ready end 2006)

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Conclusions
Construction of MAGIC I was a technological
challenge
MAGIC I is operating regularly since fall 2004.
Reasonable understanding of the telescope
performance achieved.
Clear gamma-source detections down to 100 GeV
have been performed with high significance
9 sources detected 1 discovery of distant AGN
Construction of MAGIC II already started It
should be scientifically operational before
GLASTs launch
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Kifune Plot
Rome 1995
Source count versus year T. Kifune
R.A. Ong, ICRC Pune (2005)