MATTER States (Phases) of Matter What are the general

1
MATTER
2
What is Chemistry?

• Chemistry the study of matter, its
  structure, properties, and composition, and the
  changes that matter undergoes

What is Matter?
Matter anything that has mass and occupies
space (has density) stuff
Mass measurement of the quantity of matter.
Mass is not affected by temperature, location, or
any other factor known to make other measures
unreliable
3
Which of the following is NOT an example of
matter?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) air
Heat is a form of energy and does not have mass
or take up space.
B.) heat
C.) smoke
D.) water vapor
E.)
4
View GPB Episode 201Physical and
ChemicalProperties and Changes
5
Which state of matter takes both the shape and
volume of its container?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) solid
Has definite shape and volume
Takes shape of container but will not fill its
volume
B.) liquid
C.) gas
Gases will expand to take the shape and volume of
any container
D.) both b and c
E.)
6
Which state of matter has a definite volume and
takes the shape of its container?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) solid
Definite shape and volume
B.) liquid
Definite volume, indefinite shape
C.) gas
Indefinite shape and volume
D.) both b and c
E.)
7
Which state of matter expands when heated and is
easy to compress?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
Gases have so much space between particles that
they can be compressed. The other two phases do
not have much space between them (why they have a
definite volume)
A.) solid
B.) liquid
C.) gas
D.) all of the above
E.)
8
Which state of matter is characterized by having
a definite shape and a definite volume?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) solid
Definite shape and volume
B.) liquid
Definite volume, indefinite shape
C.) gas
Indefinite shape and volume
D.) all of the above
E.)
9
All of the following are physical properties of
matter EXCEPT ____.
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) mass
Mass, color, and melting point (Phase Physical)
can be observed without altering the identity of
the substance.
B.) color
C.) melting point
D.) ability to rust
E.)
10
Which of the following are considered physical
properties of a substance?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) color and odor
B.) melting and boiling points
All are physical
C.) malleability and hardness
D.) all of the above
E.)
11
Which of the following is a physical change?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) corrosion
Evaporation is a phase change (Phase Physical)
and does not alter the identity of a substance.
The others do and cant be undone.
B.) explosion
C.) evaporation
D.) rotting of food
E.)
12
A chemical change occurs when a piece of wood
____.
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) is split
Only decaying alters the identity of the substance
B.) is painted
C.) decays
D.) is cut
E.)
13
Intensive and Extensive Properties

• Extensive Properties
• depend on how much of a particular sample is
  on hand

• Intensive Properties
• do not depend on how much sample is present

Volume Mass Weight
Melting point Boiling point Density
14
Density

• The amount of stuff in a given space
• Density is a ratio of mass to volume
• Density Mass
• Volume

15
Problems

• Calculate the density of a material that has a
  mass of 52.457g and a volume of 13.5 cm3.
• D 53.457g 3.96 g/cm3
• 13.5cm3
• How many grams of tin would occupy 5.5 cm3, if it
  has a density of 7.625 g/cm3?
• 7.625 g/cm3 X X 42 g
• 5.5cm3
• Pure gold has a density of 19.32 g/cm3. How
  large would a piece of gold be if it had a mass
  of 318.97grams?
• 19.32 g/cm3 318.97g X 16.51
  cm3
• X

16
A 50.0 mL liquid sample has a mass of 50.7 g. The
density of the sample is
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) 50.7 g/mL
D 50.7 g 1.01 g/mL 50 mL
B.) 1.01 g/mL
C.) 0.986 g/mL
D.) 2535 g/mL
E.)
17
A substance has a density of 25 g/cm3 and takes
up 15 mL. What is its mass?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) 1.67 g
25 g/cm3 X 15 mL
B.) 375 g
C.) 0.6 g
D.)
E.)
18
What volume will 67 grams of copper with a
density of 8.96 g/mL occupy?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) 0.13 mL
8.96 g/mL 67 g X
B.) 7.48 mL
C.) 600 mL
D.)
E.)
19
Watch GPB Video 202Classification of Matter
20
Classification of Matter

• All matter can be put into two categories pure
  substances and mixtures

21
Pure Substances

• All samples have the same properties or
  characteristics and have identical composition
• They cannot be separated by physical methods
• Elements and Compounds are pure substances

22
Element
? Cannot be broken down into other substances by
ordinary chemical change
? Contains only one type of atom
23
Elements in Nature
24
Diatomic Elements

• Are always bonded to themselves in free state
  (ex O2)

H O N Cl Br I F
y rdrogen
itrogen
orine
xygen
omine
odine
luorine
25
Compounds
? A substance made up of two or more elements
chemically combined in a fixed ratio Carbon
Dioxide (CO2) always has a ratio of 1 carbon to 2
oxygen atoms
? Properties differ from those of the elements
that make it up
? Compounds can be broken down into simpler
substances by a chemical change (ex H2O)
26
Mixtures

• a blend of two or more substances that are not
  chemically combined
• Salt water or Air

27
Characteristics of Mixtures
? Amount of each substance can be varied
? Individual properties remain unchanged
? Can be separated by physical means
28
Homogenous Mixture

• components are uniformly dispersed (same
  throughout).
• Often referred to as Solutions
• Ex Salt water or air

29
Heterogeneous Mixture

• components are not uniformly dispersed
  (different).
• Ex Pile of Salt and Pepper

30
What is one difference between a mixture and a
compound?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) A compound consists of more than one phase.
B.) A compound can only be separated into its
components by chemical means.
C.) A mixture can only be separated into its
components by chemical means.
D.) A mixture must be uniform in composition.
E.)
31
Which of the following is true about compounds?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) They can be physically separated into their
component elements.
B.) They have compositions that vary.
C.) They are substances.
D.) They have properties similar to those of
their component elements.
E.)
32
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice
F
A.) air
B.) salt water
C.) steel
D.) soil
E.)
33
Matter Test

• Basics of 3 Phases of Matter
• Physical/Chemical Properties Changes
• Law of Conservation of Matter
• Density Calculations
• Intensive/Extensive Properties
• Distinguish Between Pure Substances Mixtures
• Elements Properties
• Compounds Properties
• Mixtures Properties
• Distinguish Between Homogeneous/Heterogeneous
  Mixtures

34
States (Phases) of Matter

• What are the general properties of the three
  states of matter?

Explain them in terms of shape and volume
35
SOLID

• Holds its shape
• Has a definite volume
• Particles are in fixed positions

36
LIQUID

• Has a definite volume
• Takes the shape of its container

37
GAS

• Has no definite shape or volume
• Expands to fill its container
• Easily compressed

38
Properties

• set of characteristics by which the substance is
  recognized

39
Physical Properties

• observed without altering the identity of the
  substance

Density
Hardness
Color
Conductivity
Melting Point
40
Chemical Properties

• Can only be observed by altering the composition
  of a substance

Flammability
Reactivity with another substance
41
Changes in Matter
Physical Changes changes that do not alter the
identity of the substance crushing, tearing,
phase changes, dissolving
Chemical Changes changes that alter the identity
of a substance, a new substance is formed
burning, cooking, chemical reactions