Transportation and Early Industrialization from 1800 - 1860

1
Transportation and Early Industrialization from
1800 - 1860

• Leaving the horse and buggy in its wake

Essay 2,6,8
2
Transportation Developments

• Unpaved roads
• Paved turnpikes (toll roads)
• National Road (Cumberland Road)
• Canal building
• Steamboat (Fulton)
• Clipper ships

3
Transportation Change - Economic

• National market economy developed
• Freights rates reduced
• Agricultural commodities and farm product values
  went up
• Ohio, Indiana and Illinois became the breadbasket
• Extended slavery
• Industrialization emerges

4
Transportation Change - Economic

• Gibbons v. Ogden
• the federal commerce clause, in effect, outranked
  a state law that had granted a monopoly to one
  group of people.
• Charles River Bridge case
• The interests of the community are more important
  than the interests of business the supremacy of
  societys interest over private interest
• Clays American System

5
Transportation Change - Social

• Urbanization began
• Westward Movement
• Education spread
• Admission of new states
• Immigration
• Irish and German
• Lowell Factory System

6
Effects of Transportation

• The first major transportation project linking
  the East to the trans-Allegheny West
• Lancaster Turnpike
• The turnpikes, canals, and steamboats as new
  transportation links encouraged
• lowering of freight rates
• economic growth
• rising land values
• migration of peoples

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7
Effects of Transportation cont

• The Erie Canal revolutionized domestic markets
• transfer of goods from New York to New Orleans
  along inland waterways
• tied the manufacturing of the East to the farming
  of the West
• Population movement between 1790 and 1840
• the Atlantic coast to the areas between the
  Appalachians and the Mississippi River

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8
Industrialization

• Rise of the factory system
• The most profound economic development by mid-19c
  America
• The rise of manufacturing in the United States
• stoppages of trade by the embargoes and the War
  of 1812.
• The American system of manufacturing, which
  emerged in the early 1800s
• interchangeable parts to allow for mass
  production of high-quality items.

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9
Industrialization

• The beginning of the Early American Industrial
  Revolution during the early 1800s
• technological advances imported from England
• the appearance of better transportation systems
• new inventions such as the cotton gin
• backing from the Constitution

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10
Industrialization

• During the 1820s and 1830s, the growth of
  business was assisted by all of the following
  developments
• specialization of stores
• improvement in the distribution of goods
• emergence of new general incorporation laws
• favorable Supreme Court decisions
• Effects on slavery in the South
• rapid growth in the textile industry encouraged
  Southern planters to grow cotton, thereby making
  slavery more important to the economy.

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11
Clays American System

• Protective tariffs
• Internal improvements
• Increased trade between all sections of the
  country
• Federal funds for a national transportation
  system

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12
Workers in Early Factories

• The "Lowell System"
• employment of young women who were then housed in
  dormitories
• The paternalistic factory system did not last
  long
• in the highly competitive textile market,
  manufacturers were eager to cut labor costs
• Immigrant would work for less than the women
• Women and immigrants
• were powerless to affect pay rates or working
  conditions

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