RangeofMotion

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Range-of-Motion
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What is motion?

• Two types
• Translational
• Center of Mass
• A ball being thown
• Rotational
• Limbs
• A car tire spinning
• The focus for Range of motion testing is
  rotational motion

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Terms

• Pivot Point The point that the joints rotate
  about.
• The fundamental movements are roll, slide, and
  spin.

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More Terms

• Motion Either active or passive
• Active is the patients movement of his or her arm
• Passive is the examiners movement of the
  patients arm
• Extension Natural movement opposite to flexion
  at the zero position.
• Hyperextension Unnatural motion opposite to
  flexion at the zero position.

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Joints

• Junctions, or pivot points between two or more
  bones in the body.
• Movement of the body is mostly due to the motion
  of the joints.
• There are seven basic types of joints.

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Hinge Joint
An example of a hinge joint is the elbow joint.
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Pivot Joint
An example of a pivot joint is the ability of the
bone on the forearm to rotate
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Ellipsoid Joint
An example of a ellipsoid joint is the wrist
joint.
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Ball-and-Socket Joint
An example of a ball-and-socket joint is the hip
joint.
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Plane Joint
An example of a plane joint are the bases of the
4th and 5th finger joints.
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Saddle Joint
An example of a saddle joint is the thumb joint.
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Condyloid Joint
An example of a condyloid joint is the knee joint.
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Range of Motion Testing

• ROM is a measure of joint flexibility by
  observing the number of degrees a joint can move
  through from a set neutral position.
• Goniometers are the measuring devices
• Goniometer pin is placed over the joint and two
  arms are aligned with the limbs connected to the
  joint
• A proficiency anatomical landmark location aids
  in more accurate measurements.

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Range of Motion Testing

• Best results are obtained if the joints are
  ranged slowly and smoothly.
• Two people should perform the test.
• One will range the joint and the other will hold
  and read the goniometer.

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Shoulder ROM
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Elbow Joint ROM
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Wrist ROM
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Hip Joint ROM
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Knee Joint ROM
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Ankle ROM
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Why do ROM tests?

• A limited range of motion can be caused by
  several things.
• Muscle weakness
• Nerve damage
• Spine damage
• Arthritis
• This test is a basis for finding greater
  ailments.
• Orthotists must know the functional range of
  motion for which the orthosis will be used.

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References

• Neumann, Donald A.. Kinesiology of the
  Musculoskeletal System. St. Louis Mosby, Inc.,
  2002.
• Barber, Edward. "Strength and Range-of-Motion
  Examination Skills for the Clinical Orthotist."
  Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 5(1993) 49.
• Kwon, Y. "Lab 2 Joint Range of Motion." Ball
  State Universtiy. 30 Sept 2006 lthttp//www.bsu.edu
  /web/ykwon/pep294/lab2/rom_lab.htmlgt.