UNDERSTANDING THE FILIPINO Felipe M. de Leon, Jr.

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UNDERSTANDING THE FILIPINOFelipe M. de Leon, Jr.
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Filipinos are not Malays

• Filipinos did not descend from the Malays
  (Manuel, Jocano, Hornedo, et al)
• Our culture and languages are not derived from
  Malay
• There is no such thing as a Malay race
• in anthropological science - Dr.Arsenio
  Manuel
• Rizal is not the Pride of the Malay Race
  (Ozaeta, 1949) but of the Filipino people
• The belief that the Philippines was inhabited by
  successive waves of migration of Negritos,
  Indonesians and Malays has no basis in historical
  fact.

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• David Zorc, a world class linguist, with
  specialization in Austronesian languages had this
  to say
• while Filipinos want to claim Indonesians and
  Malaysians as their progenitors (hence the
  Maragtas, Code of Kalantiaw, etc.),
• in truth it was from the Philippines that the
  Indonesians and Malays came, and at a much
  greater time depth than anyone estimated."

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MILESTONES IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

• 750,000 500,000 B.C. - Earliest-dated flake
  stone tools found in
• Solana, Cagayan
• 49, 000 B.C. - Fossil remains of modern man (homo
  sapiens
• sapiens) found in the Tabon caves of Quezon,
  Palawan
• 895-775 B.C. Manunggul burial jar
• 900 A.D. - Laguna copperplate document

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Laguna Copperplate Document
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• Mabuhay! Taóng Siyaka 822, buwán ng Waisaka,
  ayon sa aghámtalà. Ang ikaapat na araw ng pagliít
  ng buwán, Lunes. Sa pagkakátaóng itó, si Dayang
  Angkatán sampû ng kaniyáng kapatíd na
  nagngangalang Buka, na mga anák ng
  Kagalang-galang na si Namwarán, ay ginawaran ng
  isáng kasulatan ng lubós na kapatawarán mulâ sa
  Punong Pangkalahatan sa Tundún sa pagkatawán ng
  Punong Kagawad ng Pailáh na si Jayadewa.

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• Sa atas na itó, sa pamamagitan ng Tagasulat,
  ang Kagalang-galang na si Namwarán ay pinatawad
  na sa lahát at inalpasán sa kaniyáng utang at
  kaniyáng mga náhulíng kabayarán na 1 katî at 8
  suwarna sa harapán ng Kagalang-galang na Punong
  Kagawad ng Puliran na si Ka Sumurán, sa
  kapangyarihan ng Kagalang-galang na Punong
  Kagawad ng Pailáh.

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• Dahil sa matapát na paglilingkód ni Namwarán
  bilang isáng sakop ng Punò, kinilala ng
  Kagalang-galang at batikáng Punong Kagawad ng
  Binwangan ang lahát ng nabubuhay pang kamag-anak
  ni Namwarán na inangkín ng Punò ng Dewatà, na
  kinatawán ng Punò ng Medáng.
•  

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• Samakatwíd, ang mga nabubuhay na inapó ng
  Kagalang-galang na si Namwarán ay pinatawad sa
  anumán at lahát ng utang ng Kagalang-galang na si
  Namwarán sa Punò ng Dewatà. Itó, kung sakalì, ay
  magpapahayag kaninumán na mulâ ngayón kung may
  taong magsasabing hindî pa alpás sa utang ang
  Kagalang-galang... 

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• 10th to 12th c. A.D. - Gold ornaments,
  accessories and utensils reach high
• degree of excellence, especially in
• Butuan, Mindanao
• 1100 A.D - Formal trading is undertaken with
  China, India, Arabia, and with Indonesia,
  Malaysia and Cambodia
• 13th c. A.D. - A Muslim settlement rises in
  Sulu

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• 1417 A.D. - Treaty of Friendship and Trade
  between the Sultan of Sulu Paduka Batara and
  Emperor Yong Le of the Ming
  Dynasty in China
• 1565 - Spanish colonization begins
• 1887 - National Hero Jose Rizal publishes Noli Me
  Tangere
• 1896 - Revolution against Spanish rule begins
• 1898, June 12 - Declaration of Independence
  (first in Asia)

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Symbolism of the Filipino Flag

• Sus ocho rayos simbolizando las ocho provincias
  de Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva
  Ecija, Tarlac, Laguna y Batangas, que fueron
  declaradas en estado de guerra, casi tan pronto
  como el primer movimiento insurreccional se
  inicio

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• Las tres estrellas representan las tres
  principales islas de este Archipielago Luzon,
  Mindanao y Panay, en las cuales este movimiento
  insurreccional estallo

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• 1899, January 23 Inauguration of
  Constitutional Republic
  (first in Asia)
• 1899, February 4 1913, December -
• bloody Filipino-American War (4, 234
• Americans and 600,000 - 1 million
• Filipinos killed)
• 1907 - effective beginning of American rule

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• 1935 1945 - Commonwealth Period
• 1941, December 8 - Manila is attacked by
  Japanese forces
• 1945, February 27 End of Japanese Occupation
• 1946, July 4 - the United States recognizes
  Philippine Independence beginning of Second
  Philippine Republic

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What is Culture?

• To culture is to cultivate, as in agriculture,
  horticulture, aquaculture, sericulture, beauty
  culture, voice culture, etc.
• Any activity, product or expression attained
  through the application of human skill is
  CULTURE, that which is not is NATURE, such as
  trees, rivers, mountains, birds.

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• In its broadest sense, culture may be defined
  as
• Way of life, a design for living
• Shared patterns of behavior and meaning, of
  expectations and responses
• Shared system of vital ideas about the world

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UNESCO defines culture asThe whole complex of
distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and
emotional features that characterize a society or
social group. It includes not only the arts and
letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental
rights of the human being, value systems,
traditions and beliefs.
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Cultural Questions (Being Questions of
Perception, Valuing, and Meaning)  

• What brings out the good, the best in the
  Filipino? How do you inspire or what inspires
  Filipinos towards positive, productive or
  constructive behavior/social action?
• How do you get Filipinos to cooperate and work
  together harmoniously, happily, efficiently and
  effectively?

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• What are we most productive/creative at/in? What
  is the nature of the Filipino cultural genius
  (both local and nationally shared)?
• How do you bring out honesty, sincerity, and
  loyalty?
• How do you resolve conflicts?
• How do you criticize ones work or raise
  standards of excellence without arousing ill will
  and resentment?

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• How do you inculcate or promote discipline and
  dedication to ones task?
• The feeling of being taken advantage of being
  exploited, abused being treated unfairly,
  unjustly, or being demeaned, insulted
  (pinagsasamantalahan, minamaltrato, ginugulangan,
  nilalamangan, iniinsulto o binabastos) is
  abhorrent to the Filipino, it being a serious
  affront to ones dignity as an ultimately sacred
  being.

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A Filipino Perspective

• Build on Our Strengths
• - Need for Positive Self-Image
• - Social Self-Images are Self-Fulfilling
• - Root cause of Philippine under-
• development
• Filipino tendency towards self bashing, esp.
  among the Westernized elite, preventing us from
  tapping our greatest asset for sustainable
  development - our cultural strengths and
  resources.

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• Cult of smallness
• Celebration of Defeat
• Dona Victorina Syndrome
• Work for the Good of the Nation as a Whole
• ACT LOCALLY, THINK NATIONALLY, also ACT
  LOCALLY, THINK GLOBALLY
• Pride, Commitment, Excellence

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Promoting Filipino Cultural Identity

• Cultural Identity as the Basis of Economic
  Competitiveness Cultural identity has it source
  in
• originality, indigenousness, authenticity,
  uniqueness, historicity, magnitude, and
  excellence
• Anywhere in the world people prefer the
  distinctive, one with character, not anything
  bland
• and featureless

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FILIPINOS LOVE TO CONNECT, ESPECIALLY TO PEOPLE

• Among the most highly relational in the world,
  Filipinos are hardly alone. They are happy being
  together - when they eat, sleep, work, travel,
  pray, create or celebrate. They feel connected to
  the world, God and nature, but most of all to
  people.

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Nobody likes to be left out of a photo op
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Togetherness is happiness

• Filipinos hardly eat alone
• Invite a person to your party, how many will
  come?
• Bantay(watcher) extra bed
• Picture-taking mania
• Prizes for everybody
• Do not praise small items - Juan Flavier

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• Pabalot, balato, bonus
• (forms of sharing)
• Pasalubong( quasi-sacred ritual gift from a
  journey)
• Cannot keep secrets
• Relational terms for calling each other
• Texting capital of the world
• No isolated notes (hagod, slides, scooping)

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Notes are PeoplePitch Relations Reflect People
Relations

• In individualistic cultures where people preserve
  their private space and separateness from others,
  musical pitches also tend to be discrete or
  isolated from each other.

• In communal cultures where togetherness and
  connectedness with others is highly valued,
  musical pitches tend to be bridged by slides or
  a microtonal continuum.

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FILIPINO PROXEMICS OF PRIVACY

• To be alone a German needs four thick walls which
  shut off all light and sound from the outside.
• A Japanese needs only thin paper screens
• A Filipino does not need a physical structure to
  spend time alone. All that is needed is for him
  to stay in a corner and keep quiet.
• This is proof that even in our precious
  moments of solitude, we are still willing to
  share our whole being, should the need arise

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MY SPACE IS YOUR SPACE

• OPEN HOUSE In most Western cultures, guests are
  allowed to move around only within the confines
  of the living room.In Filipino culture, guests
  may roam anywhere inside or outside the house,
  even in the bedrooms
• FEEL AT HOME How long can your relative or
  close friend temporarily stay in your house?

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Filipino Sociableness

• Beth Day Romulo Of all Asian capitals, Manila
  is the friendliest. Manilans embrace the
  diplomatic community and love to entertain them.
  One Western diplomat marveled at being invited to
  dinner at a local home the next night after he
  arrived in Manila.
• Beijing diplomats live in an enclave and
  entertain one another. In Tokyo, locals sometimes
  take diplomats out to dinner at a restaurant but
  never invite them to their own homes.

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• Manila is not only socially hospitable. People
  here also like to get the diplomatic set involved
  in local projects.
• No matter how bad a press the Philippines may
  occasionally get abroad, the foreigners who have
  actually lived here love it, and usually hope to
  return.
• Filipinos call their spouses with the highest
  frequency (66 are daily callers), followed by
  Indonesians and Malaysians-FEER

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• Filipinos most remember their spouses birthday.
  95 always remember. 3 remember most of the
  time.
• Among the highest-income groups of 13 countries
  in Asia, Filipinos most prefer to stay and relax
  at home as a mode of leisure
• Filipinos most perceive themselves as fashionable
  in dressing, followed by South Koreans

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Most Romantic in Southeast Asia

• A Mobile Lifestyle Survey conducted by Asia
  Market Intelligence for Siemens in late 2002
  among six SEAn countries found that Filipinos
  send I love you messages the most often
• Filipinos 58
• Indonesians 41
  
• Malaysians 36
• Singaporeans 31
  
• Thais 30
• Indians 24

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WORKPLACE AS EXTENSION OF THE HOME

• Filipinos are strongly family-oriented and most
  comfortable in a homey setting
• Superiors tend be regarded as filial authority
• As in the family, rituals for affirming
  togetherness would be very helpful, such as
  prayers, singing, recreational activities,
  sharing of concerns
• Like parents, superiors are expected to provide
  care and support in all levels

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FASHIONABLE ELEGANCE

• The highly sociable Filipino always likes to be
  in style neat, fit and smart. Whether rich or
  poor, reformer or rebel, manager or laborer, the
  Filipino dresses well and smells nice. A
  well-groomed person is socially attractive.

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Loners More Prone to Heart Disease

• People with lots of friends are usually the
  healthiest in the world
• Lack of friends and close social ties are the
  hidden cause of heart disease
• As social ties increase, mortality rates decrease
• Married people, members of religious groups and
  the like often live longer
• Social isolation breeds depression, which may
  lead to lower immunity to disease and even suicide

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MULTI-SIGNIFICANCEBringing People Together

• An effective Filipino tool for connecting people
  to each other is to endow an activity,
  presentation or creation with as many different
  meanings, functions and qualities as possible.

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TRANSPARENCY Openness and Trust

• The Filipino is a highly accessible and
  accommodating person, basically trusting and
  open, yet quite sensitive and demanding of
  respect and recognition of ones dignity.

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Bukas ang kalooban, not private

• Windows all around ancestral houses
• Aliwalas, airy spaciousness and openness of
  interiors
• Space surrounds space
• High value placed on being natural, informal,
  personal

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LISTEN TO THE FEELING TONE

• Do not listen to what the Filipino says as much
  as how he says it.
• Listen to the feeling tone, read between the
  lines
• Filipinos communicate non-verbally most of the
  time
• Be sensitive to non-verbal symbols, facial
  expressions, gestures, or body language to
  understand what the Filipino is really trying to
  say

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Makuha Ka Sa Tingin

• 88 WAYS OF LOOKING IN TAGALOG
• TINGIN to look
• DILAT, PANDILATAN stare squarely at
• MASID, MASDAN observe or look at searchingly
• MALAS observing look
• MATYAG close observation
• LIYAW to spy, watch, observe

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• ANINAG see thru a transparent or translucent
  medium
• ANINAW see thru a haze
• TANGHOD to look fascinatedly
• TANGA, TUMANGA to look at something
  absentmindedly
• SULILING to glance sideways, affectedly or
  disdainfully
• MATA, MATAHIN to look at something with
  critical eyes, condescendingly

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• SILAY briefly but seriously
• TITIG steadfastly and fixedly
• IRAP with annoyance
• LISIK sparkling of the eyes as when one is
  extremely irked or irritated
• LIING to look out of the corner of ones eyes
• MUSING with a frown
• SULI vexedly
• DAYAP with an evil eye

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• ILAM to look sideways
• SULYAP sidewise quickly
• DUNGSOL look again and again
• LINGAP cast a glance
• LINGA look here and there as if searching for
  something
• LINGI, LINGIGIG look here and there, worriedly
  because of some noise
• LINGOS here and there, unmindfully

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• BALILILING with a turn of the head
• LINGON over ones shoulders
• TUNGO downwards
• TINGALA upwards
• SIPAT looking over (a surface) to check
  levelness, (or a line, row) to check alignment
• SUMIK looking as if listening
• BANTAY to look at what is ones own (to keep an
  eye on)

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• TANAW looking from a distance
• TANGHAL looking from a distance contemplating
  the beauty or grandeur of something
• NOOD to look at something that brings delight
• TINGHAD strain ones neck in order to see an
  object not on the level of ones eyes
• MULAGAT stare
• SILIP peep

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• SIGLAP superficial, accidental glance without
  much attention
• SIGLAW glimpse involuntary passing notice
• PATUMANGA or DANGA look born of awe or dread
• LISAW disquieting look because of anger
• LILAP peculiar flushing of the eyes of drunks
• TUNGANGA open-mouthed curiosity or indifference

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• BALING look from one side to another
• SULINDING, PASULINDING glance obliquely,
  superciliously
• MANGANINO, MANALAMIN to look into a mirror
• SILAW dazzled
• ALIBAY follow a moving object with ones eyes
• BANAAG glimpse, have a glimmer of
• MULAT open eyed
• At marami pang iba

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EXPRESSIVENESS Maximalism

• The common Filipino is a maximalist, filling up
  every available space with forms and things. It
  springs from an expressive exuberance deeply
  rooted in emotional sensitivity and the strong
  urge to connect.

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Treat the other person as you treat yourself
because the other person is also yourself -
Filipino core idea
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THE CORE VALUES

• KAPWA
• (Shared Identity)
• PAKIRAMDAM
• (Shared Inner Perception)
• KAGANDAHANG LOOB
• (Shared Humanity)

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KAPWA

• SHARED IDENTITY (Shared Inner Self, The other
  person is also yourself)
• the core of Filipino psychology, it is
  humaneness at the highest level
• implies unique moral obligation to treat one
  another as equal fellow human beings

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PAKIRAMDAM
SHARED INNER PERCEPTION

• (Knowing Through Feeling or
• Tacit Knowing Participatory Sensitivity)
• A unique social skill inherent in Filipino
  personhood
• The need for openness and basic trust is a
  precondition for this active process of sensing
  subtle cues

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KAGANDAHANG LOOB

• SHARED HUMANITY (Pagkamakatao A Shared Inner
  Nobility A Quiet Sense of Responsibility for
  Others A Great Compassion for All Living
  Beings)
• Nudges a person towards genuine acts of
  generosity, kindness and caring

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Levels of Filipino Social Interaction

• AMONG OUTSIDERS
• PAKIKITUNGO (courtesy)
• PAKIKISALAMUHA (mixing)
• PAKIKILAHOK (joining)
• PAKIKIBAGAY (adapting)
• PAKIKISAMA (getting along with)

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PAKIKISAMA

• DEEPEST LEVEL OF INVOLVEMENT WITH ANOTHER
  PERSON STILL CONSIDERED AN OUTSIDER (IBANG
  TAO)
• Characteristic tendencies of this trait are
  giving in to another persons wish, demands,
  wants or desires. The motive for this could be
  politeness or expectation of future concessions
  or immediate rewards

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Levels of Filipino Social Interaction

• AMONG INSIDERS
• PAKIKIPAGPALAGAYANG-LOOB (rapport)
• PAKIKISANGKOT (involvement)
• PAKIKIISA (oneness, unity with)

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KAPWA THE OTHER PERSON IS ALSO YOURSELF

• The Filipino tends to do business with friends
  and relatives, or those with whom he has the
  closest personal ties.
• He prefers a trust-based, long-term and deep
  relationship rather than one based on short-term,
  material gains.
• An impersonal, formal, legal, purely business
  transaction devoid of emotional depth - is
  alien to the Filipino and may only bring out the
  worst in him.

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SCOLD IN PRIVATE PRAISE IN PUBLIC

• NEVER SCOLD IN PUBLIC. It is tantamount to
  banishment from group membership, and thus
  entails a serious loss of a sense of being
• Filipinos are very sensitive to the qualities of
  worth, equality and connectedness
• One who is abused or treated badly arouses
  sympathy

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LAWS ARE MERE SUGGESTIONS IF

• Anything purely legal, bureaucratic, formal and
  impersonal is shallow, manipulative and selfish.
  It has no real binding force and resorted to when
  the relationship is only for shortterm material
  gains and not based on trust.
• Anything based on a sincere, deeply-felt, sacred
  covenant works best in the long term and brings
  out the best in the Filipino. The other person
  and yourself become one.

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LAYING THE GROUND RULES TOGETHER

• Rules are more effective if based upon mutually
  agreed principles
• These principles can easily be appreciated and
  understood if derived from core or surface
  Filipino values
• The form of expression or pattern of
  communicating these principles must likewise
  conform to these values
• It is best to achieve consensus in all levels of
  the organizational hierarchy

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SOCIETAL VALUES ASSOCIATED WITH FILIPINO
PERSONHOOD

• KALAYAAN (Freedom)
• KATARUNGAN (Justice, Equality)
• KARANGALAN (Honor, Dignity)

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FILIPINOS ACHIEVE MATURITY THROUGH SOCIAL
INTEGRATION

• ARE EXCEEDINGLY ACTIVE AND CREATIVE IN
  INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND
  SOCIAL PROBING ALWAYS SEEKING AND EXPLORING
  NEWER, DEEPER AND RICHER WAYS OF HARMONIZING AND
  CONNECTING WITH OTHERS
• Filipinos are masters of interpersonal
• skills
• Filipinos are adept in pakiramdam and
• non-verbal communication

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• ARE A HIGHLY NURTURING, CARING, SHARING PEOPLE,
  WITH A STRONG MATERNAL ORIENTATION
• Filipinos, because of their genius in
  interpersonal communication and a nurturing,
  caring attitude, excel in the service professions
  or industry
• ARE DEEPLY DEVOTIONAL AND SPIRITUAL YET WITH A
  VIGOROUS ZEST FOR LIVING OR JOIE DE VIVRE

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Filipino Religiosity

• Filipinos, followed by Indians and Brazilians,
  score highest in emphasis on religion and
  religious beliefs (1979 Gallup Survey). 1991 and
  1995-96 surveys confirm Filipino religiosity as
  highest in the world.
• Large scale Filipino social movements were always
  God-inspired Katipunan, EDSA Revolution,
  Compassion for Flor Contemplacion, etc.

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Organize Around Sacred or Noble principles

• Transcend ego, cultivate passion for excellence
• Leader must be an example of selfless-ness,
  nurturing and caring but firm and strong
• Filipinos appreciate leadership by example
• A superior who can do the work he demands of his
  subordinate is highly respected and more
  effective.

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Leaders That Filipinos Follow

• Top Five Clusters
• Makatao, mapagkalinga, may magandang kalooban
  (nurturant qualities)
• Matapat, matuwid, maka-Diyos, may moralidad
  (upright, God-centered)
• Malakas ang loob (courageous, with political
  will)
• Makatarungan, demokratiko, pantay-pantay ang
  tingin sa lahat (fair, just)
• Magaling, marunong (intelligent, capable)

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FILIPINOS ARE ONE WITH THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL
WHOLENESS OF LIFE

• FILIPINOS DO NOT LIKE A PARTIAL, FRAGMENTED VIEW
  OF LIFE AND RESPOND TO LIFE SYNERGISTICALLY
  (COOPERATIVE ACTION OF ALL THE FACULTIES,
  AGENCIES, OR LEVELS OF BEING)
• WE DO NOT LIKE TO BELONG TO ONLY ONE SIDE OF A
  RELATIONSHIP. OUR KINSHIP SYSTEM IS BILATERAL.
  HAVING TWO KIDS IS ENOUGH AS LONG AS THEY ARE A
  BOY AND A GIRL.

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• A FILIPINO IS NOT HAPPY JUST KNOWING ANOTHER
  PERSONS NAME. HE WOULD ALSO INQUIRE ABOUT HIS
  WORK, HOMETOWN, RELATIVES, MARITAL STATUS, EVEN
  HIS SALARY.
• FILIPINOS HAVE GREATER ENERGY FOR WORK OR
  ACTIVITY THAT INVOLVES ALL THE LEVELS OF BEING
• (BODY, ALL THE SENSES, FEELINGS, INTELLECT,
  SPIRIT)
• A FILIPINO RELATES TO OTHERS NOT ONLY
  FUNCTIONALLY(BASED ON THE TASK ON HAND) BUT
  WHOLISTICALLY.
• OPENING ONE WINDOW OPENS ALL.

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BIPOLARITY The Unity of Opposites

• An intuitive logic vastly superior to the
  either/or of mechanistic cultures is Filipino
  bipolarity.
• In bipolaristic logic, it is axiomatic that if a
  thing is true or valid, then its opposite must
  also be true or valid.

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A PERSON AND HIS ACTIONS ARE ONE, NOT SEPARATE

• To criticize a persons work is also to criticize
  the person himself, so how does one urge him to
  improve his work and raise standards without
  hurting him?
• The solution is to use a bipolar approach
  Praise-Criticize or Better, PRAISE-CRITICIZE-PRAIS
  E
• (KISS-KICK-KISS)

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BRIDGING DIFFERENCES Curves not Angles

• The Filipino prefers mediation to confrontation.
  Pahiwatig, pakiusap, pakikibagay, biro are only a
  few of the orchestral wealth of techniques for
  bridging differences.

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Vitalistic, Life Energy-Seeking

• Filipinos love
• biomorphic, non-architectonic
  shapesinformal, asymmetrical balance
• rich tactile valueskinaesthetic interaction

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KINESTHETIC INTERACTIVENESSConnecting Through
Touch

• Filipinos love to feel, literally touching their
  way through life. Rich textural qualities,
  biomorphic shapes, tasty foods, lush sounds and
  social clustering make life exceedingly warm and
  intimate.

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A hundred words for touch

• DAMA, HIPO, KAPA, KAPKAP, HIMAS, LAMAS, HAPLOS,
  HAGOD, SALAT, HAWAK, KAPIT, DIIT, LAPAT, SUNGGAB,
  SAMBILAT(clutch, grab, snatch violently), AKAP,
  SAGI, ANTIG, LAMUKOS, LAMYOS, KUYUMOS, KUSKOS,
  KALABIT, KAMOT, KALMOT, DAITI, KANTI, TAPIK,
  TIPA, KUTOS, SANGGI, KADYOT, SABUNOT, SAMPAL,
  BUNTAL, PALO, SUNTOK, SUNGGO (bump against
  lightly), SIPA, SIKO

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• SIIL (violent pushing or shoving with the
  elbow), SALAGOY (touch lightly), LUKOT, SIKLOT,
  KALIKOT, LAPIROT, BALUTBOT, DUTDOT, SUNDOT,
  KUTKOT, KUROT, PINGGER, KALKAL, KALIKAW,
  BUTINGTING, BULATLAT, DIKIT, KISKIS, KIMIS,
  KILITI, SINTAK, SUONG, AKAY, AKBAY
• DALA, KARGA, BUHAT, BITBIT, SAPO, SALO, KIMKIM,
  KIPKIP, SUKBIT, BABA, PASAN, SUNONG, KANDONG,
  KALONG, PANGKO, SAKBIBI, etc.

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KINESTHETIC INTERACTIVENESSThe Magical, Healing
Touch

• Traditional rituals are a way of connecting to
  the divine. Through touch people get healed. A
  magical transference of vital energy occurs in
  many levels, physical and metaphysical.

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Hug If You Want To Live

• Hugging is a key to happiness Leo Buscaglia
• Hugs make you feel psychologically more secure
  and together
• Touching releases endorphins (the happy
  hormones), which kill pain and increase immunity
  to disease
• Positive feelings strengthen the bloods immune
  system

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PAKIKIRAMDAM AND LAMBING Soft, Flowing
Movements

• Pakikiramdam, knowing through feeling or
  participatory sensitivity makes the Filipino
  especially compassionate, affective, malambing,
  gentle, and kind.

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Sharing of Moods and Feelings

• Pakikiramdam is the ability to participate in the
  inner life process or monitor the flow of
  feelings in others, especially if deeper feelings
  are involved.
• This is the source of the much vaunted Filipino
  affinity with the underdog, melodrama, and
  sentimental and compassionate nature.

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• Pakikiramdam is more than sympathy or empathy it
  is dynamic, profound and immeasurable.
• For ex, whereas in the U.S., funeral
  parlors have fixed opening and closing hours, in
  the Philippines they are open 24 hours. It is
  simply unthinkable for Filipinos to subject lamay
  to fixed, limited schedules just because of
  commercial considerations.
• When Filipinos bury their dead, it is not
  only close relatives who attend the ritual but
  even distant relatives, friends of relatives,
  relatives of friends, all those who have become
  neighbors of the deceased, peers, officemates,
  classmates and friends.

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FILIPINOS ARE HIGHLY PARTICIPATORY

• DEMAND COLLECTIVE, EQUAL PARTICIPATION IN THE
  CREATIVE PROCESS, DECISION-MAKING AND
  SELF-DETERMINATION
• Participation in the creative process is
  primary

Everybody must have an active role, no
matter how small (salimpusa)
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• Decision-making is a collective activity. No one
  must have a monopoly of the decision-making
  process
• In Filipino society, everybody is a
  participant/performer.
• Nobody is a mere spectator. There is no
  separation of performer/creator and
  audience/spectator.
• Filipinos prefer consensus as a mode of reaching
  decisions or settling conflicts.

99
The Participatory Filipino Pantay-pantay, walang
lamangan

• Pagbibigayan, sharing, interdependence
  equitable distribution of resources
• micro interweaving of colors, visual elements
• interlocking/ interconnected wide spaces
  (non-compartmentalized)
• salitan, interlocking rhythms in music

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103
Verbs expressing mutual, reciprocal action and
equal possession of similar qualities

• magsi- magsilabas, magsigising,
• magsitayo
• magsipag- magsipaghanda,
• magsipagkalat
• magka- magkaisa, magkasundo
• magka- magkasama, magkapatid,
• magkatulad, magkakulay
• magkasing- magkasingganda,
• magkasimpangit

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• ka - karamay, katuwang, katulong,
• katabi, kaklase, kalahi, kauri,
• kalaro, kasapi
• kasing - kasintigas, kasinlapit,
• kasintanda, kasindali,
• kasing-asim, kasinggaling
• mag-an- magsagutan, magsabunutan,
• magtakbuhan,magtawanan
• magka-an magkalinawan, magkainisan,
• magkarinigan,
  magkasintahan
• magsing- magsing-irog

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• maki- makisangkot, makialam,
• makiisa,makibahagi, makibaka,
• makisama, makigawa,
• makibili, makihalo, makitulog
• makipag- makipag-away, makipag-
• kamay, makipag-usap
• makipag - an makipag-agawan,
• makipagsagutan
• makipagka - an makipagkaibigan,
  
• makipagkasunduan

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• ka - an kasunduan, kaibigan,
• kasintahan
• pakiki- pakikiramay, pakikiramdam,
• pakikiisa, pakikiapid
• pakikipag- pakikipagtalo, pakikipag-
  
• sayaw, pakikipag-usap
• pakikipag - an pakikipagtulungan,
• pakikipagtawanan, pakikipag-ugnayan,
• pakikipag-unawaan, pakikipagsulatan,
  pakikipagsapalaran

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• pakikipagka - an pakikipagkasunduan,
• pakikipagkaibigan
• paki- pakialam, pakisuyo, pakibasa
• paki an pakibagayan, pakisamahan,
• pakilapitan, pakibihisan
• ta- kain ta

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PROVIDING CHOICESDevelopment as the
Proliferation of Options

• The deepest social aspirations of the Filipino
  are freedom, justice, and dignity. Monopoly,
  dictatorship and the curtailment of choices are
  anathema. Decision-making is participatory.

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ARROGANCE IS A NO-NO

• The Filipino concept of kapwa (shared
  identity/goodness) and non-duality of life make
  people absolutely equal in principle and nobody
  has a right to regard himself as above or more
  important than others
• Humility is highly-prized, at least outwardly
• The privilege of one must be the privilege of
  all. Equal application of the law is a must

111
PROVIDING CHOICESVariability of Form, Medium
and Technique

• A greater range of materials, forms, techniques,
  ideas and possibilities for engaging in
  productive or creative work allows for wider and
  democratic social participation

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FILIPINO DIGNITY IS THE CREATIVE HUMAN ESSENCE

• There is nothing more dehumanizing to a human
  being than to feel he is merely being treated as
  a machine The consequences for an organization
  are a rapid turnover rate, absenteeism, safety
  violations, high accident rate, high rates of
  illness, and low productivity.

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FILIPINO DIGNITY IS THE CREATIVE HUMAN ESSENCE

• In the work place and in other relationships
  which fail to recognize the individual as more
  than a robot, we see negative behavior such as
  lack of cooperation and absenteeism John W.
  Burton

115
CREATIVE IMPROVISATION

• Extemporaneous or on-the-spot creativity comes
  very naturally to the Filipino who has the finest
  artistic yet improvisatory traditions such as the
  duplo, balagtasan, balitaw, tultul, kulintang,
  kuntao and okir. Creative spontaneity is highly
  valued.

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ROUTINE KILLS CREATIVE SPONTANEITY

• Filipinos tend to fall into a stupor if work
  becomes routine. The solution is job rotation,
  multi-tasking, change of activity, breaks,
  leisure and play or better, to make work
  INTRINSICALLY REWARDING and
• CULTIVATE A PASSION FOR
• EXCELLENCE so that every moment of the work
  situation becomes A CREATIVE CHALLENGE.

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Personal Identity Within The Community

• Within a shared matrix of communal values, every
  persons inherent uniqueness must be socially
  recognized. His/ her personal identity must find
  creative expression in a particular social role.

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FILIPINO CULTURAL GENIUS

• HIGHLY RELATIONAL
• Most active in the exploration of meaning in
  relationships as seen in our prolific affixation
  system, one of the richest in the world
• Promotion of togetherness through activities,
  practices, and creations characterized by
  multiple functions, values and qualities
•  

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• A highly caring, nurturing orientation  
• Strong family values
• Genius in interpersonal skills
• Excellence in service industries
• Highest in religiosity
• Superior in mental health
• The phenomenon of EDSA and other manifestations
  of our genius in designing social institutions

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HIGHLY PARTICIPATORY, CONSENSUS-BUILDERS

• Preference for human scale in social
  organization, including size of political
  constituency (governance with a face)
• Giving everybody an active role. Decision-making
  is a collective activity
• There is no separation of participant/performer/c
  reator and observer/audience/spectator
• The individual is recognized within a shared
  social matrix

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THE ASSUMPTION THAT ALL OF HUMANITY ARE ROOTED IN
A COMMON CORE OF BEING(UBOD), A CREATIVE, LIVING
AND DIVINE GOODNESS

• A contagious joie de vivre and optimistic
  attitude, a great capacity for happiness
• A highly adaptable, versatile, flexible, creative
  and expressive people
• Amazing babaylans, psychic healers and
  practitioners
• Passion for freedom, justice and dignity

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THE NOTION OF LIFE AS AN INTEGRATED WHOLE

• The principle of absolute equality of man and
  woman
• Non-sexist languages
• Strong educational, knowledge orientation

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Happiest People

• Filipinos are happiest in Southeast Asia, 43,
  Malay, 42, Thai, 39 (SRG Happiness Index, 9,000
  surveyed in 1987)
• Young Filipinos are the happiest in Asia, 78,
  Thai, 77, Malay 76, Indian, 73Taiwanese, 7,
  Hongkong youths are the saddest, 5.
• (Channel V Network Survey,Nov. 2000)
• Filipinos are the happiest in East Asia (2003
  survey)

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Happiness Protects Against Colds

• People who are energetic, happy and relaxed are
  less likely to catch colds, research has found.
• Conversely, those who are depressed, nervous or
  angry are more likely to complain about cold
  symptoms whether or not they get bitten by the
  cold bug.
• A team from Carnegie Mellon University,
  Pittsburgh found that people who had a positive
  emotional attitude were not infected as often as
  people with a negative emotional style BBC News
  July 26, 2003

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WAKAS

• Salamat Po!