??????????? Programming Language

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???????????Programming Language

• Introduction

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Course outline

• ?????? ???????? ?????????
• email tasanawa_at_su.ac.th
• icq 29883888
• ???????
• Programming Language Concepts Constructs by
  Ravi Sethi, Addison-Wesley, 1996.
• Concepts of Programming Languages by Robert W.
  Sebesta, Addison-Wesley, 1999.

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3
??????????????????

• Introduction
• The role of programming language
• Language Description syntactic structure
• Imperative programming
• Statement Structured programming
• Types Data Representation
• Procedure Activations
• Object-Oriented Programming
• Functional Programming
• Logic Programming

• ?????????????
• ?????????? 35
• ?????????? 35
• Assignments 20
• Report 10

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???????????

• ?????????? (tool) ????????????????????????????????
  ???????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? (high-level designs)
• ????????????????????????????????? (notation for
  algorithms)
• ????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????

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Von Neumann Architecture

• ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????
• ????????????
• ?????????????????????????????? 3 ???? ???
  ???????????, ??????????? ????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ?????????????????? 1 ???????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
  (Memory Address)

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???????????

• ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
  ??????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? Von Neumann
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????
• ?????????????? ???????? imperative ????
  conventional language COBOL,FORTRAN,Pascal, C

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????????????????????????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????

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8
??????????????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????(Computer
  Hardware and Operating System)
• ????????????????????????? (Application)
• ??????????????????? (Programming Methods)
• ?????????????? (Implementation Methods)
• ????????????? (Theoretical Study)
• ???????????????? (Standardization)

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9
?????????????????????

• ?????? ?????????? Hardwired ????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????? ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ?? ?????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????? ? ????????? ?
  ?????????????????????????? (Hardware)

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10
????????????????????????????(Levels of Language
in Computing)
10
11
?????????????????

• ?????? 1 ??????????? (Machine Language)
• ?????? 2 ????????????? (Symbolic Language)
• ?????? 3 ???????????? (High Level Language)

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12
???????????

• Higher level
• ??????????????????????????????????? (readability)
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???
• ??????????????????????????????????????? (machine
  independence)
• General purpose
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? ? ????????????

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???????????

• ???????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????? code ???????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????? ?
  (program text)
• ????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ?????????

• ??????????????????????
• 00000010101111001010
• 00000010111111001000
• 00000011001110101000
• ?????????????????? 10 ?????????????????? 11
  ?????????????????????????????? 12

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?????????????
Program

• 1 M0 0
• 2 read(M1)
• 3 if M1 gt 0 then goto 5
• 4 goto 7
• 5 M3 M0 - M1
• 6 if M3 gt then goto 16
• 7 writeln(M1)
• 8 read(M2)
• 9 M3 M2 - M1
• 10 if M3 gt then goto 12
• .
• .
• 16 halt

• ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????? (verbose)
• ????????? Assembly ???????????????????????????????
  ??
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????

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15
15
16
????????????

• ???????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????? (portability
  / machine independence)
• ???????????????????????? (program libraries)
• ?????????????????????? (error) ???????????????????
  (implementation)

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17
????????????

• ???????????? 3 ?????? ???
• ?????????? 3 (3GL- Fourth General Language)
• ?????????? 4 (4GL- Fourth General Language)
• ?????????? 5 (5GL- Fourth General Language)

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?????????? 3

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????
• ??????????? portable ????????????? object code
  ???????? (compile) ???????????????????????????????
  ???
• ????????????????????? ??????

FORTAN C COBOL C BASIC Java Pascal Activ
eX
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?????????? 4

• ????????????????????????????????????????????? 3GL
• ????????? text-based environment (????? 3GL)
• ????????????????????? visual environment
  ???????????????????????????????? ??????????
  Prototype ???? GUI????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  
• ????????????????????? ??????

Visual Basic (VB) VisualAge Authoring
environments
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?????????? 5

• ?????????????????????????????? (Artificial
  Intelligence) ??????????????????? (Expert
  Systems) ?????????????????????? ????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????

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????????????????

• ???????????????????????????????? (Concept)
• ?????????????????????????? (Program Syntax)
• ????????????????????????????????????
  (Application)
• ???????????????????????????? (Verification)
• ????????????????????????????? (Environment)
• ????????????????????? (Portability)
• ?????????? (cost)

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Programming Environments

• ?????????????? ? ???????????????????????
• (Tools used in software development)
• Unix
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• Borland C
• ?????????????????????????? C ??? C ?? PC
• Smalltalk
• Language Processor/Environment
• Microsoft Visual C
• visual environment ???????????????????????

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?????????????????????

• ??????????????????????? (Needs analysis)
• ????????????? (System)
• ???????? (Development)
• ?????????? (Implementation)
• ????????????? (Maintenance)

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Programming Domains

• Scientific Application
• Business Application
• Artificial Intelligence
• System Programming
• Scripting Language
• Special Purpose Language

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Implementation Methods

• Compilation
• ??? (translate) ??????????????????????????????????
  ??
• ??????????????
• ????? (execute) ????
• Interpreter
• ???????????????????????????
• ????????
• Hybrid Implementation
• cost ??????????????
• ????????????????

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Source program
Source program
Lexical analyzer
Lexical units
Syntax analyzer
Parse tree
Intermediate code generator (and semantic
analyzer)
Optimization
Symbol table
Intermediate code
Input data
Interpreter
Code generator
Machine language
Computer
Input data
Results
Results
Pure Interpretation
Compilation
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Hybrid Implementation
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Language Categories (Paradigms)

• Imperative
• Object-Oriented
• Logic
• Functional

• Imperative
• Procedural - C
• Block-Structured -Pascal, Ada
• Object-based - Ada
• Object-oriented - Ada, Object-Pascal, C, Java
• Parallel Processing - Ada, Pascal-S, Occam,
  C-Linda
• Declarative
• Logic - Prolog
• Functional - LISP, Scheme
• Database - SQL

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1957 58 59 60 61 62 63
64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77
78 79 80 81 82 83 84
85 86 87 88 89 90 91
92 93 94 95
Algol58 Algol60 SIMULA Algol W
SIMULA67 Algol68
Pascal MODULA-2 Smalltalk80
Ada
C Oberon MODULA-3
ANSI C
Eiffel Ada95
Java
??????? ????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????
??????????
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Assignment 1

• ????????? ???????????????????????????? (10)
• ??????????????????? (????????????????????)
• http//directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Programm
  ing/Languages/
• http//dir.lycos.com/Computers/Programming/Languag
  es/ ???? site ???? ? ?????????????
• ????????????????????????????????
• ??? mail ???????????????????????????????? URL
  ?????????????????????????? ?????????????? mail
  ?????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ?????????????? 1 ???? ????????????? PDF format
  ??????????? Cordia New 16

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Assignment 1 (???)

• ?????????? (?????????) ????????????????
  ??????????
• ????????????????? ????????????? ?????????
  ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????
• ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????
  ??? ???????????????????????
• ??????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????
  ???????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????? ??????????
  ?????????????? ???????????????????????????
  ???????
• ???????? ?????????????????????????? ???????? code
  ???? compiler ????????? mailing list ???? chat
  room ???????
• ????????????????????????????? ? ??? web site
  ?????
• ???????? 19 ??????? 2546 ???? 16.00 ?.

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