Marijuana, K2 and Other Drugs What Athletics Administrators Should Know

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Marijuana, K2 and Other DrugsWhat Athletics
Administrators Should Know

• NCAA Convention
• January 13, 2010
• Panelists Andrea Wickerham, The National Center
  for Drug Free Sport
• Doug Padron, Monmouth University
• John Sullivan, Providence College and
  University of Rhode Island

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Marijuana Effects/NIDA

• impaired learning and memory
• anxiety, panic attacks, psychosis
• cough, frequent respiratory infections
• possible mental health decline
• addiction

• euphoria and relaxation
• slowed reaction time
• distorted sensory perception
• impaired balance and coordination
• increased heart rate and appetite

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Drug Use and Grades
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Marijuana 2009 NCAA Study

• 23.6 reported use within the last 12 months.
• Over 1/2 report use as less than once per month.
• Majority indicated use only during their off
  season.
• Majority obtained from a friend, family member or
  teammate.

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NCAA Positive Tests for Marijuana

• Championship test results

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Science and Legal Issues

• Andrea Wickerham
• Vice-President
• The National Center for Drug Free Sport

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K2 What is it?

• Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist
• AKA Spice, Spice Gold, Pot-pourri, Serenity and
  herbal incense
• JWH-018, JWH-073, HU-210, CP 47, 497 (over 100
  synthetic cannabinoids)
• Developed for research purposes
• Pain management
• Brain research
• Anti-slip agent
• Contaminant found in many plastics
• Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) substitute?
• But structurally quite different
• Potentially more potent than THC

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K2 What is it?

• Street drug?
• Marketed as all natural to teens and young
  adults
• Smokeable (pipe, water pipe, rolled papers,
  inhaled smoke or vapors)
• Internet, tobacco and pipe stores, head shops,
  convenience stores
• Not made for human consumption
• JWH-018 and its chemical cousins have a chemical
  structure shared with known cancer-causing agents

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K2 What is it?

• No published safety data
• No published known effects in humans
• Anecdotal reports of the following
• Agitation
• Anxiety
• Tachycardia
• Vomiting
• Very high blood pressure
• Seizures
• Hallucinations
• Non-responsiveness

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Drug Testing for K2

• We have a student-athlete who was in the
  emergency room over the weekend! Says he was
  smoking Spice. His heart was racing, his BP
  was off the charts, and he was hallucinating.
  This went on for hours!! Can you drug test him
  for this stuff.

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Drug Testing for K2

• Remember K2 or Spice Gold or Spice is NOT
  marijuana (THC)
• Traditional street drug panel will not find
  these synthetic cannabinoids
• Developing a test is complex
• Must first locate and isolate the substance
• Pure metabolite or in an excretion urine
• Human use for research purposes (ethical issues)
• Create the assay and validate the testing
  methodologies
• Cost prohibitive for most labs
• UCLA Olympic Analytical Lab has developed a
  screen and confirmation for JWH-018 in urine
• Screen for JWH-073
• Only the metabolites appear in urine
• Short detection window (up to 72 hours?)
• Qualitative test (indicates presence or no
  presence, no threshold)

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Drug Testing for THC

• ?9 tetrahydrocannabinol acid (metabolite of
  THC)
• Banned Drug Class Street drug (NCAA)
• Quantative test (concentration found in urine)
• e.g. 75 ng/mL
• Traditional testing methodologies
• Immunoassay (screen)
• GC/MS (confirmation)
• Reasons for testing for THC
• Workplace (safety)
• Sport (use, deterrence, health and safety)
• Thresholds/Cutoffs for positive
• NCAA gt 15 ng/mL (confirmation)
• Institutional autonomy to lower threshold gt 5
  ng/mL (confirmation)

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Drug Testing for THC

• Detection period
• It depends
• Chronic user
• Recent use
• Amount smoked
• THC concentration
• Body size
• Body metabolism
• Second-hand smoke/passive inhalation
• Not likely
• Consider the research
• Investigate, gather the facts, ask questions

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Legal Landscape

• K2 Legal Issues
• Initially legal
• Currently illegal or regulated in 15 states
• Bills pending in other states
• Sanctions vary depending on possession, sale,
  manufacture or distribution
• November 24, 2010 DEA issued a notice of intent
  to place 5 of the synthetic cannabinoids into the
  Controlled Substances Act (CSA)
• Demonstrated an imminent hazard to safety of the
  public
• Schedule I substance
• Impose federal criminal sanctions

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Legal Landscape

• THC Issues
• Federal offense to possess
• Proposition 19 in California failed (Regulate,
  Control and Tax Cannabis Act)
• Legal in 15 states and DC for medical purposes
• 6 states have pending legislation for medical
  marijuana
• Numerous state differences
• Amount allowed for use
• Amount allowed for plant cultivation
• Approved medical conditions
• Written documentation from a physician
• Dispensaries

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Other NGB and Anti-Doping Organizations Policies

• World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
• Prohibited List
• Potential to enhance or enhances sport
  performance
• Use of the substance or method represents an
  actual or potential health risk to the athlete
• Use of the substance or method violates the
  spirit of sport as described in the WADA Code
• Must meet 2 of these 3
• Bans THC In Competition
• Bans synthetic cannabinoids (JWH-018, JWH-073,
  HU-210) In Competition

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Other NGB and Anti-Doping Organizations Policies

• Professional Leagues
• Ban and test for THC
• NFL (Substance of Abuse Program)
• NBA, NBA D-League, WNBA
• LPGA and PGA
• MiLB (Minor League Baseball)

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Andrea S. Wickerham, J.D.Vice PresidentThe
National Center for Drug Free Sport
2537 Madison Ave. Kansas City, MO 64108
816.474.8655 ext. 118 awickerham_at_drugfreesport.co
m
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NCAA and CSMAS Considerations Regarding Drug
Testing(Deterrence, Student-Athlete Health and
Safety)

• Doug Padron, ATC
• Associate Athletic Director, Monmouth University
• Chair of NCAA Drug Education and Testing
  Subcommittee

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Overview

• Current Penalties
• Medical Use
• CSMAS Recommendations
• Education
• APPLE Conference
• Power of Peer Education
• Monmouth University Experience

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Current Penalties

• Loss of one full season of participation
• NCAA Bylaw 18.4.5.1
• Often, student-athletes do not recover and return
  to play
• Game passes them by
• Team moves on without them
• University may not renew scholarship
• Wasted opportunity

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Medical Use

• The terminally ill
• Cancer
• Amelioration of nausea
• Stimulation of hunger in chemo and aids patients
• Decreasing pressure for glaucoma

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CSMAS Position on Medical MJ

• regulation of medical marijuana is variable, with
  no FDA review or approval
• there are no uniform procedures for procuring a
  medical marijuana card
• marijuana delivered through smoking is a crude
  delivery system that also delivers harmful
  substances
• there are approved effective treatments for those
  medical conditions generally identified for
  medical marijuana

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Education Strategies

• Whats already in your backyard
• SAAC, SAM, Champs Life Skills
• NCAA Apple Conference
• Guest Speakers
• Institutional Drug Testing

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MU Apple Experience

• Initiated Alcohol and Other Drug Education
  Program in Spring 2003
• Education programs
• Creation of Peer Leadership Program Spring 2003
• Drug Testing, Fall 2oo4
• 1st Trip to Apple 2004 (6 S-As, 2 ATCs)
• Alcohol Education
• Student-Athletes and Administration work together
  to enhance Alcohol Policy
• 2nd Trip to Apple 2006 (7 S-As, 2 ATCs)
• Code of Conduct
• Frosh Student-Athlete Orientation/Education
  Program
• Presented _at_ Apple Indianapolis in 2007
• Awarded the Prism Award for excellence in
  athletic administration
• 4th Trip to Apple 2009 (4 S-As, 1 SWA, 1 ATC)
• Host Education Program

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Host Education Meeting Action Plan Summary
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Monmouth University Athletic Department Code of
Conduct As Hawks we will protect the integrity of
the University, others, and ourselves. To
accomplish this mission I WILL Make progress
towards a degree and graduate from Monmouth
University Actively participate in both the
campus and surrounding community Maintain good
sportsmanship by respecting opponents, teammates,
fans, and officials Abide by Team, NEC, and NCAA
rules Agree to the MUAOD Education Policy Have
an open mind toward others cultural beliefs and
backgrounds Adhere to the law and respect the
rights and property of others Respect
Myself Respect the Game Conduct myself like a
Champion
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Goals

• Respond to issues on campus and throughout
  collegiate athletics
• Orient new student-athletes on the philosophy and
  expectations of the athletic department
• Create the Frosh Education Program by
  implementing education programs developed in the
  Peer Leader Program for all first year
  student-athletes
• Teach everyone what it means to be a HAWK
• Leadership
• Accountability Role Model
• Pride
• Maturity

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Dont Do Anything That Could Change Everything!

• Recruit additional team leaders
• Orient group on mission
• Hold closed door team meeting
• Poor Decision Making
• Impact on you and your team
• Pride
• Respect
• Accountability

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Result

• In one calendar year MU went from the highest
  percentage of positive screens to 0!
• (Approximately 200 drug tests)
• Student-athletes can/will have the biggest impact
  on any change you need to make to your culture!

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Contact Information

• Doug Padron, ATC
• Associate Athletic Director
• Monmouth University
• West Long Branch, NJ 07764
• [phone]
• dpadron_at_monmouth.edu

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Marijuana Use and College A Time of Risks

• John P. Sullivan, Psy.D.
• Clinical Sport Psychologist
• Providence College and University of Rhode Island
• Chief Consultant,Clinical Sports Consulting
  Services

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Marijuana Use and College A Time of Risks

• Student-athletes at greater risk for Substance
  Abuse/Substance Dependence issues
• The hidden gateway drug
• 98 of marijuana users later used another
  substance (Mohler-Kuo, Lee, Wechsler 2002)

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Marijuana Use and College A Time of Risks

• About one third of college students reported use
  before college Johnson et al., 2008
• First-year students have highest prevalence
• Nearly 1 in 2 (47) reported having used
  marijuana
• Relationship between marijuana and other drugs
• Increase in prevalence of use nationally from
  1993-2008

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Marijuana Use and College A Time of Risks

• Interventions and College Campuses
• Remember culture counts!
• Early Intervention can alter the typical course
• Have a program
• Incoming student-athletes can be targeted for
  prevention interventions directly and indirectly
• Use multiple modes of contact (e.g. didactic,
  peer mentor, feedback-based, web-based)

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Marijuana Use and College A Time of Risks

• Campus Resources
• Look in your backyard
• Counseling Center
• Build a relationship/ partnership
• Collaborate early and often for programming
• Conduct screenings (Alcohol, Marijuana,
  Depression, Anxiety, etc.)

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Marijuana Use and College A Time of Risks

• Campus resources
• Applied Degree Programs (Psychology, Public
  Health, Nursing programs, Medical Schools)
• Research
• Consulting Centers/Supervised Care Providing
• Cross discipline exchange of effort and ideas

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Marijuana Use and College A Time of Risks

• Looking over the fence
• The Pro Ranks
• Prevention Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
• Character Development Program (CDP)
• Identification/Assessment
• Education
• Skill Based Program/Transferable
• Direct Treatment

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John P. Sullivan, Psy.D. Clinical Sport
Psychologist
performancedocs.com
jps_at_performancedocs.com [phone]
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NCAA Resources

• APPLE Conferences
• CHOICES Grant Awards
• Educational Affairs Program Grants
• Health and Safety Publications
• Heath and Safety Posters
• REC
• Sports Medicine Handbook
• www.ncaa.org/health-safety

To promote the Health and Safety of the more than
400,000 NCAA Student-Athletes!
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