The World Bank

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The World Bank
Mostar Urban Environment and Water Quality
Plan June, 2006
Mirko Šarac, B.Sc.C.E.
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1. IntroductionThe City of Mostar, is one of
the largest cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
where live around 100.000 inhabitants (according
last census from 1991 in Mostar City lived
126.628 inhabitants). There has been no solved
sewerage system. Only some parts of town (mainly
central urban zone) are provided with sewers (in
total approximately 50 km with about 35
discharges which directly flow to river Neretva).
Poorly operating septic tanks and cesspits are
still in use throughout the area. In addition to
the domestic waste dicharges, wastes from
industries (aluminium, textiles, metals, woods
and others).
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• Numerous studies have been performed to solve
  this problem such as collecting, transport and
  treatment of wastewater. The general rationale
  were
• Connect all users (domestic and industrial) in
  the urban area of the Mostar Valley to a central
  sewerage system
• Establish a gravity interceptor system running
  from north to south, if possible
• Provide a proper functioning sewer system,
  especialy with respect to maintaining adequate
  slopes and velocities in the sewers and
• Provide a suitable level of protection for the
  Neretva River.

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• ?The overall goals of the wastewater improvement
  program for the Mostar Valley service area
  include
• Ensure preservation of natural ecosystem
• Improve the conditions within the middle reach of
  the Neretva River
• Improve the health of the area residents
• Ensure the preservation of the downstream areas,
  where the Neretva River is directly or indirectly
  being used for water supply, irrigation, fishing
  as well as other uses by numerous towns and
  smaller settlements and
• Develop an implementation program and financial
  plan that is affordable.

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• Specific objective
• ? to prepare a phased implementation program for
  rehabilitating, upgarding and investing that will
  meet stakeholder-agreed, affordable and
  suistenable objectives for urban environmental
  and water qualiy goals.

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• 2. Project Need
• A primary need for an improved wastewater
  collection and treatment system in the Mostar
  Valley is to improve and protect the sensitive
  Neretva River ecosystem, which includes globally
  significant wetlands downstream near the Adriatic
  Sea.
• In addition, the project is necessary to protect
  the health of the population of Mostar and
  downstream users, and to revive the economy after
  devastating of the war.
• As the largest river of the Adriatic basin, the
  Neretva River is an ecologically significant
  resource of international importance.

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• The lower Neretva valley contains the largest and
  the most valuable remnants of the Mediterranean
  wetlands on the eastern Adriatic cost and is one
  of the the few areas of this kind remaining in
  Europe.
• These estuarine areas (Park of nature "Hutovo
  Blato" and Neretva Delta) are considered
  regionally significant wetlands within the
  Mediterranean and are globally significant
  wetlands under the Ramsar Convention.
• In addition to these wetlands, the Neretva River
  is a significant ecological resource, because of
  the many protected fish species that it supports,
  including endemic Adriatic trout.
• In total, 7 fish species found on the
  International Union for Conservation of Nature
  nad Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List, and 4
  listed as Protected by the Bern Convention are
  found within the river.

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Hutovo Blato Ramsar site
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• The current practice of discharging untreated
  wastewater to the Neretva River has serious
  long-term implications for the Neretva River
  ecosystem and the sensitive downstream wetlands.
  Nutrient reduction is one of particular concern
  with regards to protection of the river and
  wetland ecosystem.
• If untreated wastewater continues to be
  discharged to the river, nutrient loads will
  increase, and the river and wetlands will be
  subject to eutriphication.
• EU Council has established effluent standards for
  discharge of nutrients to sensitive areas under
  Directives 91/271/EEC and 98/15/EEC. The
  long-term goal of wastewater treatment and
  nutrient removal of City Mostar is to comply with
  EU standards.

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• Except nutrient reduction wastewater treatment is
  needed to remove suspended solids, coliform
  bacteria, and toxic substances, including heavy
  metals from the river.
• Today, the Neretva River is contamined with
  faecal coliform levels that exceed EU coliform

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• The Neretva River is not used for consumption in
  Mostar, downstream wells located close to the
  river supply drinkig water to numerous towns and
  settlements. It is possible that water from
  Neretva can penetrate these wells, degrade
  drinking water, and pose a risk to downstream
  populations. Wastewater treatment is essential to
  meet the EU standards for coliform bacteria,
  which will improve the sanitary conditions for
  Mostar residents and downstream users.
• In the Mostar area, septic tanks, cesspits and
  latrines are still in use, which also presents a
  great danger for the health of the population.

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• The project will create a variety of employment
  opportunities both directly from the
  implementation of the project, and indirectly by
  being attractive to new business and industry.
• The phased approach of the project ensures
  long-term employment opportunities in the area
  that has a 40 unemployment rate and continues to
  suffer economically.
• Tourism will also benefit the project will be
  consistent with current efforts to restore the
  City and reestablish the tourism industry to
  pre-war levels, which will also provide jobs and
  stimulate the weak economy.

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3. Existing Situation

• The City covers area of 13.950 hectares and
  comprises 3 main areas Bijelo Polje (northern
  valley), central area and south valley.
• The Neretva River flows through Mostar and is the
  key feature in the area.
• The war occured from 1992 to 1995 resulting in
  large emigration. As result of the war, close to
  90 of the city industrial capacity was shut down
  or destroyed and is still out of operation.

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• The largest population concentration is in the
  central urban zone, which covers an area of 3.882
  ha, including about 1.000 ha of the southern
  industrial zone.
• This zone had a population of approximatelly
  90.000 inhabitants (1991 census), representing
  roughly 70 of the entire population of Mostar.
• The existing wastewater network in Mostar covers
  only the central urban area that serves about
  50.000 inhabitants who represent only the half of
  the entire population living in Mostar valley
  today.

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Existing Situation of the Mostar Sewerage System
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• In the others areas of the Mostar valley only
  selected industrial plants have a drainage system
  for wastewater while the others independently
  dispose into the ground or into small rivers or
  streams (such as Radobolja, Jasenica, Buna and
  Bunica) that flow into the Neretva River.
• Development of the wastewater network has
  occurred in a disorderly fashion. Newly built
  urban areas simply connected themselves to the
  existing network which meant that previously
  constructed collectors became too smal for the
  new capacity. The service area has enlarged and
  land use has also changed. The urbanization of
  unused and green areas has increased runoff from
  these areas that in turn has increased quantities
  in the system. As result of this the capacity of
  existing collectors become inadequate.

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• The main (and only) recipient of all wastewater
  and stormwater runoff is the Neretva River.
  Neretva divides the wastewater system into 2
  completely independent parts the left (East) and
  right (West) bank. Neither the right nor the left
  of the neretva has a unified wastewater system.

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• 4. Planning and design criteria
• The establishment of basic planning and
  design criteria and the subsequent projection of
  population and wastewater services requirements
  are crucial to the formation of a proper Urban
  Environment and Water Quality Plan for the City
  of Mostar. The following general planning
  criteria formed basis for development of a
  recommended plan
• ? Planning period
• Service area
• Level of service
• Planned economic and industrial activities
• Water quality objectives
• Current regulations
• International criteria
• Planning ranges
• Population projections
• Wastewater flow and strenght.

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• To plan the required physical components of
  wastewater system to meet the projected
  wastewater discharges, the following component
  design criteria were established for use
• Collection systems
• Pumping stations
• Wastewater treatment.

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• 5. Alternative Identifications and
  Evaluation
• Alternative wastewater system layouts were
  developed based on the water quality and quantity
  projections and other planning criteria.
• The service area can be divided into 3 service
  
• sub-areas
• North Valley
• Central Valley
• South Valley.
• These sub-areas were used to formulate 3 main
  alternative wastewater management system. Within
  some of these maim options several sub-options
  also were identified that dealt with alternate
  conveyance systems.

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Option 1 Single Service Area (Central WWTP)
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• Option 2 Two WWTPs

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• Option 3 Three WWTPs

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Option 3 Three WWTPs
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• The alternatives identified and previously
  described were evaluated using various criteria
• a) Monetary Factors
• Relative Cost
• b) Non-Monetary Factors
• ?Performance
• Sensitivity to raw wastewater characteristics
• Compliance with effluent discharge
  requirements/water quality ovjectives
• Compatibility with and maximum utilization of
  existing wastewater collection system
• Technical feasibility
• Acceptability/complexity of proposed technology
• Construction considerations
• System reliability/flexibility and
• OM considerations.

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• ?Environmental related
• Odor generation potential
• Noise
• Short-term construction impacts
• Biological community impacts
• Community impacts and resettlements issues and
• Aesthetics.
• ?Other
• Land availability
• Adaptation to phased implementation
• Future expansion potential and
• Stakeholder acceptability.

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• 6. Overall Plan Description
• As a result of the above analysis and
  recommendations, the selected plan consists of
  the following elements
• Install a wastewater treatment system for the
  northern valley, using a natural treatment
  technology as land permits individual septic
  systems may be required for certain isolated
  users
• Install a dual collector system in the Central
  Valley area, one interceptor sewer on each side
  of the river with an inverted siphon to transport
  all flow to one side of the river
• Install a mechanical-biological WWTP for the
  Central Valley Service Area
• Install a wastewater treatment system for the
  southern valley using natural treatment
  technology or an oxidation ditch system, as land
  permits individual septic systems may be
  required for certain isolated users
• A main raw wastewater pump station is required to
  lift wastewater to each wastewater treatment
  system, the costs of which are included with the
  treatment olant costs
• Local collection system will be installed within
  the community approximately 13 small local
  pumping stations (8 on the left bank and 5 on the
  right bank) will be required for lifting
  wastewater from some low-lying areas near the
  river up to the collection system.

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• The capital cost for the overall recommended
  plan, for collection and treatment of the
  anticipated year 2032 flows and loads, is
  US 83.430.000.
• The annual OM cost estimated for the selected
  alternative is US 3.226.000.
• These costs include wastewater collection,
  pumping and treatment in each of 3 service
  areas. The cost estimates should be updated as
  the project components are better defined during
  the design phases of the project.
• Currency conversion of 1 Euro 2 KM US
  1,20.

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• 7. Environmental Impact Assessment and
• Mitigation on the Recommneded PLan
• Propsed option 3A was evaluated according to
  potential impacts on the following resources
• Water,
• Wildlife habitat and sensitive natural areas,
• Threatened and endangered species,
• Energy,
• Noise,
• Socio-economic environment,
• Cultural resources,
• Air quality.

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8. Phase Implementation Plan

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WATER QUALITY PROTECTIONIN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
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WATER QUALITY PROTECTIONIN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
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THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION