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cooperation in BRICS and the EU paradox

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Title: cooperation in BRICS and the EU paradox


1
cooperation in BRICS and the EU paradox
  • Paulo Borba CASELLA
  • Chair Professor for Public International Law
  • Vice-Dean at the University of São Paulo Law
    School
  • Visiting Professor at the University of Macau Law
    School
  • (since 2007) author of BRIC (2011)

2
cooperation in BRICS - why?
  • Brazil, Russia, India, China South Africa
  • cooperation has its usual role in todays world
    as known and extensively practiced already
  • interdependence of countries in present world
    makes cooperation a requirement in each country
  • can cooperation have added value?
  • can the BRICS build a new model, useful for the
    world?

3
the European Union paradox
  • the present status of EU between an IGO and a
    confederation of states no parallel in history
  • admirable achievements over decades
  • fully developed institutional legal system,
    including constitutional principles,
    substantive law and procedures for quality
    control of integration development

4
whereas the BRICS ...
  • not even one treaty to stipulate what are the
    rights and the obligations of participant
    countries
  • all we have are the three declarations, closing
    the year summits of Brasilia, Ekaterimburg and
    Sanya
  • all remains to be done, but not forget changes of
    international perception of these and by each of
    these countries along latest years
  • the will attached to achieve added value could
    be the role of international law relations
    shaping a new multilateral world order

5
as we know, there are no short cuts
  • need to understand each of these civilizations,
    quite complex and apparently very different
  • each of same to be considered in their respective
    history, culture, economy, international
    relations
  • the attitude towards international law, and
    politics, both internal international
  • thereafter can joint views be attempted played
  • BRIC is showing something new on the scene ...

6
search for international insertion
  • each and all countries have to look for
  • but with conscience of interdependence
  • and of the models to be applied
  • many possible channels for implementation
  • once the necessity is acknowledged, there will be
    variations on the choice of the priority partners
    and then, BRICS EU

7
BRICS and the EU could feature cooperation with
added value
  • BRICS and the EU are major changes, of worldwide
    repercussion building a new world beyond cold
    war
  • both are not simply for internal use, but
    mainly a device for strategic management of
    shared interests
  • the relations of the five BRIC with the 27 EU
    members can change the world

8
cooperation the added value
  • time to redesign cooperation features in the
    world
  • the old forms are tired and their results
    insufficient
  • the BRICS cooperation is not only for internal
    use 
  • the new multipolar world is under way
  • it is necessary and is to be welcomed
  • but the  added value  is not yet fully
    established

9
failure of imperialist unilateralism end of US
hegemonism (2000-08)
  • the entire world carries the burden of the
    blunders (military, political, economic legal
    failures) of BUSH years to show that this
    cannot be a model for the world
  • if unilateralism died, it has to be ascertained
    which multilateralism can we aim at, which levels
    can be achieved?

10
the search for international insertion
  • great world changes in the last two decades so
    much since the end of the cold war
  • most of analysis written before look as old as
    ancient history, as it describes the past, a
    world that no longer exists
  • no clear-cut models for international relations
    established since the artist of floating world
  • variations on themes, familiar yet untried

11
contrasts of the two blocks
  • the EU has built itself BRIS is open
  • with institutions same yet to be
    treaties done, if and when procedures any
    of these may become necessary
  • and yet, the EU whereas BRICS
  • looks perplexed look confident

12
substantial changes in the world
  • the European Union and the outside world
  • the end of a past model beyond the East-West
    confrontation pattern of Cold War
  • new years new challenges for the world
  • both EU and the BRICS at crossroads in search of
    a future

13
attempt to view the next years
  • if globalization cannot be avoided, it should be
    put to work properly meaning to be useful for
    the largest number of people and countries and
    not just some happy few
  • growing awareness of the need to protect human
    natural ressources in order to keep intelligent
    life on the planet ...

14
search for international insertion we see it
all over again
  • present conditions for discourse practice
  • the role to be played by Brazil, Russia, India,
    China and South Africa with each other, among
    them with other countries?
  • beyond overlaps, to find the interactions
  • search for a new pattern in international
    relations, for the benefit of all

15
BRICS are NOT intended to ...
  • go beyond a cooperation model (no EU)
  • to cope with historical or geographical
    imperatives
  • no previously determined pattern to follow
    (variety of models from the EU to APEC)
  • similarities among apparent differences for
    understanding common trends in both cases

16
BRICS also surely NOT to be ...
  • aiming at integrated Europe this is to be
    admired, but not tried by other groups
  • tired of long and fruitless endeavours at
    integration in South Latin America
  • the repetition of old colonialist models
    south-south as opposed to old north-south
    cooperation patterns

17
BRICS cooperation, not integration
  • converging circumstances and similarities can
    help advance building cooperation
  • integration may be too much to be aimed EU
    shows, that this is neither a magic word, nor
    solves all troubles, internal external
  • Brazil MERCOSUL have long years of failed
    negotiations with the EU no results

18
lessons of history,can be useful, if and when
learned
  • lessons of history have to be learned and put
    into practice
  • perception of change is a crucial feature for an
    adequate understanding of the world
  • this is a good perception by SSUMA CHIEN (c.
    145-c. 86 b.C.) the classical Chinese historian
    could be a guideline

19
lessons of history to be learned
  • the BRICS are not bound to repeat mistakes of
    previous eras, they can innovate shaping the
    new multipolar world with call for peace
    prosperity
  • no humanitarian treatment to be expected
  • no charity handling expected from each other
    ... but good faith and fair play are mandatorily
    required to build any lasting relationship (there
    are lessons from the past, to be avoided in the
    future)
  • the search for competitive international
    insertion requires new patterns it can not just
    be more of the same stuff! enough is enough of
    past!

20
useful lessons from history ... but not as ends
in themselves
  • aggressive hegemonism is to be set aside
    disastrous results of past decade is evidence of
    dated model enough is enough
  • building dialogue and cooperation channels
    requires perception of common needs and shared
    views on goals to be achieved
  • cooperation within BRICS and joint action
    EU-BRICS can be innovative, but remains to be
    built

21
international perception means need to react
creatively to changes
  • extension and relevance of changes in the world,
    each of BRICS countries over latest twenty
    years
  • no need of extensive review to ascertain same
    mostly positive, and other issues not so much
    just consider how deep broad transformations
    Brazil since 1988, Russia since the end of the
    USSR, India as a nuclear power, China since 1989
    and South Africa since the end of the apartheid

22
changes of international perception
  • nuclear powers (Russia, India China) Brazil
    played by the rules nuclear free Latin America
  • permanent members with veto power in the UN-SC
    (Russia, China) (claim India, Brazil, S.Africa)
  • human natural ressources assets to develop and
    to be preserved the imperative of education,
    acknowledgment and work with cultural diversity
  • changes in world balance going on in accelerated
    pace but economic, political, social, human
    environmental impacts seem not yet to be fully
    perceived or simply disregarded for the future?

23
changes of international perception
responsibilities of each
  • no need to stress the various effects and
    wide-ranging impact of globalization enough
    said over the last twenty years remains
    superficial looked beyond the weekly review
  • globalization should work properly, in order to
    share benefits and not only costs thereof, while
    building interactions and crossroads
  • why not a multilaterally oriented BRICS-EU ? new
    perceptions in order to understand changes and to
    give tailor-made shape to emerging trends

24
building the BRICS model
  • multilalteral cooperation can be an effective
    answer to changes underway
  • remains yet to be given a chance in practice
  • can be a relevant innovation for a world to be
    built over the next two or three decades
  • not only economic and political balance trade,
    but with room for principles and international
    law  use of force should be avoided in solving
    international disputes  (BRICS, at Sanya, 2011)

25
building a new model
  • BRICS as a model to be built  world rule based
    on international law  and the UN in a central
    role
  • BRICS should aim at  rule based, stable and
    predictable world order 
  • BRICS is underway and can be a valid answer not
    only to the parties concerned, but to third
    countries, and a privileged partner with the EU
  • BRICS as a matter of cooperation, can be
    flexible for adopting coordinated action, as
    intergovernmental initiatives, with no need of
    new common institutional structures

26
BRICS is a choice, not a matter of destiny
  • no historical or geographical imperatives
    especially for Brazil and South Africa / do not
    forget neighbour issues among the other three
  • no need of talk about common destiny, of binding
    imperatives and the like BRICS is a choice, and
    a choice to be built, a channel, a viable
    alternative
  • no required format or mandatory recipes no need
    to reinvent the wheel models for international
    economic cooperation known, to select at choice

27
building a new world model
  • beyond superficial differences between BRICS and
    the EU there are common needs and goals to be
    pursued matter of perception of realities
    assessment of common tasks to be done
  • a humanist effort to understand the other need
    to go beyond prejudices and preconceived ideas
  • can be useful to bind these five together, plus
    the EU  public health, regional cooperation,
    green economic development, promote scientific
    and technological development and innovation 
  • can be efficient and equitable for all the world

28
BRICS and the EU now and beyond
  • common interests,  shared agenda of strategy 
    yet to be built
  • potential for new global leadership
  • challenging task in troubled times, with a
    daunting agenda common position on Syria
  • need to redraw worlds financial institutions
  • assert political influence on the global stage

29
BRICS highlights
  • reflect changes in international monetary system
    added value for emerging economies developing
    countries
  • discussion about role of SDR and a basket of
    currencies
  • international financial regulatory oversight and
    supervision, strenghten policy coordination
    financial regulation
  • increase production capacity and dialogue
  • use of force should be avoided in resolving
    disputes turbulence in Middle East, North West
    Africa
  • United Nations reform, including the Security
    Council

30
the perspective of added value
  • Joint Declaration (Sanya, 2011) cements
    importance of the BRICS
  • cooperation with added value has moved from
    theory to practice and is expected to grow next,
    as a reflection of changing times
  • independent model for world development care for
    each others basic interests and strenghten wider
    dialogue and cooperation with third countries
  • establish a more just and reasonable
    international economic and political order and
    peaceful international environment

31
from former prosperity and growth to a time of
knowledge in the EU
  • true to Confucian tradition, knowledge not to be
    viewed just as the attainment of individual
    perfection and intellectual elevation, in itself
    and for itself but same is also relevant for its
    practical implementation and the use made thereof
  • externally, learning evolves from cultivating
    ones character, to regulating ones family, to
    order by rule in ones kingdom and, ultimately,
    to help bring peace and harmony to the whole
    world

32
easy to be wise when all goes well
  • in the XVIth. century, WANG Yang Ming, famous
    exponent of the philosophy of mind (hsin-hsüeh),
    explained greatness as an allusion to embracing
    the ultimate unity of things (wan-wu i-t-i)
    beyond apparent shape
  • the present world requires same
  • the academic milieu can contribute to form and to
    reach such embracing views

33
challenge of present times
  • the outcome will be crucial for all of us
  • naming the EU paradox shows that an organized
    structure does not solve all issues
  • BRICS is not yet structured but shows will
  • the interaction of the two can matter for both
    and be enormously relevant for all
  • cooperation is more necessary than ever ...
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