Neo-Freudian’s and Non-Freudians.

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Neo-Freudians and Non-Freudians.

• Are you as Jung as you feel?

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Karen Horney
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Carl Gustav Jung

• (1875-1961)
• Was a student and follower of Freud.
• Disagreed with Freud on some key elements of
  personality theory
• In 1912 he and Freud had a sever falling out
  never to reconcile.

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From Jungs Theory

• You will find a strong connection between Jung
  and two relatively modern psychological theories.
• Transactional Analysis - Berne
• Humanistic Psychology - Rogers, Maslow, Rollo May

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Disagreement

• Jung did not subscribe to the idea that sexuality
  was a major force in personality. He did not see
  unresolved sexual issues as barriers to
  development.
• He viewed the structure of personality as
  somewhat different than Freud.

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Jung vs.. Freud

• Jung
• Ego - provides conscious direction
• Persona - the character or role we assume
• Self - the totality of the person (conscious and
  unconscious)

• Freud
• Id - our base desires including sex and
  aggression
• Ego - the mediator between the Superego and the
  Id as well as the keeper of the reality principle
• Superego - your moral base and societies demands.

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Jungs Unconscious

• Personal unconscious - this is similar to Freuds
  concept of the unconscious.
• Collective unconscious - biologically based
  reflecting universal themes and ideas. (not
  individual expression)
• Archetypes - patterns within the collective
  unconscious serving to organize our experiences.

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Archetypes

• The three most significant archetypes
• Anima - the complimentary qualities of the
  persona in a man. (example intellectual/
  sentimental)
• Animus - the complimentary qualities of the
  persona in a women. Ex nurturing/heroic
• Shadow - the dark side where more primitive
  aspects reside.

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Source of Jungs Position

• He had a rocky relationship with his father
• The conflict of spirituality vs. intellectual
  acceptance of doctrine.
• Jung believed by exploring symbols we can
  understand the dynamics of the mind.

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Jungs Developmental Position

• Jung believed the developmental process was one
  of individuation.
• Individuation is a lifelong process of increasing
  awareness with the ultimate goal of joining the
  conscious and the unconscious in the self.
• He did not believe it could actually occur.
• Think of Maslows self-actualization concept.

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With Jung think Opposites

• Conscious versus Unconscious
• Ego versus Shadow
• Introversion versus Extroversion.

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Karen Horney

• Remained in the Psychoanalytic fold but took
  great exception to the idea that women have
  penis envy.
• She argued that it was insulting philosophy and
  bad science to claim that half the human race is
  dissatisfied with its anatomy.

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Karen Horney

• She openly chastised her male colleagues for
  their one sided point of view.
• She believed there was evidence of female
  superiority indisputable and by no means
  negligible physiological superiority
• If anyone has envy it is men, it is womb envy.
• She believed that castration fear was very real
  for males but not from the father.
• She believed that the driving force in
  personality is not aggression and sexual
  instincts but basic anxiety.

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Erik Erikson

• (1902-1994)
• Developed a fuller theory of personal development
  going beyond the age of 6.
• He called his theory psychosocial as opposed to
  psychosexual.

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Psychosocial Theory

• Trust versus Mistrust
• Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
• Initiative versus Guilt
• Competence versus Inferiority
• Identity versus Role Confusion
• Intimacy versus Isolation
• Generativity versus Stagnation
• Ego Integrity versus Despair

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Alfred Adler

• Born in 1870 in Vienna, Austria
• Studies under Freud and was part of the inner
  circle from 1902-1911
• Was the president of the Viennese Psychoanalytic
  Society in 1910.

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Alfred Adler

• From the beginning Adler had difficulty accepting
  Freuds view on the nature of drives and the
  Oedipal conflict.
• After one year of his presidency in the Viennese
  Psychoanalytic Society he resigned and formed the
  Association for Individual Psychology.

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Adler

• Influenced by Darwinian theory shaped Adlers
  view of the individual.
• Inferiority
• Compensation
• Inferiority Complex
• Superiority Complex
• Style of life - now know as lifestyle.

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John Bowlby

• Born in 1907
• Studied at Cambridge University
• Began to study with the British Psychoanalytic
  Society.
• Focused on Mother Child Separation.

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John Bowlby

• Object-Relations Theory
• Studied an infants attachment to mother.
• Deprived of normal contact with parents or other
  adults led to problems with attachment.
• Others involved were Melanie Klein, Ronald
  Fairbairn, D. W. Winnicott

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Object-Relations Theory

• In contrast to Freuds emphasis on the
  Oedipal period object-relations theorists hold
  that the first two years are the most critical
  for development of the inner core personality.
• The term object in object-relations theory is
  because the child not only attaches to mother but
  also the evolving perception of her.

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Object Relations Theory

• Unlike Freud where displacement of psychic
  energy is the key to disorder Bowlby et al.
  believe sources of attachment are critical to
  development.
• The key issues in life are balancing
  independence versus attachment. Losses can
  include a spat with a friend or family member to
  divorce or death.

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Splitting

• The unsatisfying experiences that occur in
  relation to mother then find their expressions in
  particular reflection of her in the infants
  inner world. Mother becomes a disappointing
  person who has to be split in two the know and
  the longed-for giving mother and the known and
  deeply disappointing mother (Eichenbaum
  Orbach, 1983)

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Male / Female Development

• In the Freudian school the female is seen as the
  developmental problem. The unresolved Oedipal
  conflict limits there moral development.
• In the Object-Relations school it is the male the
  is the developmental problem. The attachment to
  the mother and the struggle with opposites causes
  males to have faulty moral development.