Pc's on the Network

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• PCs on a Network

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Network types commonly encountered

• Ethernet
• Wireless networks
• Telephone networks

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Ethernet (Velocidades)

• 10-Mbps Ethernet
• 100-Mpbs Ethernet or Fast Ethernet
• 1000-Mbps Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet

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Ethernet (continued)
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Network Conectors
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RJ45 Crimping Tool
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Sizes of Networks

• A network links two or more computers
• PAN (personal area network)
• Consists of personal devices at close range
• LAN (local area network)
• Covers a small local area such as a home, or
  office
• MAN (metropolitan area network)
• Covers a large campus or city
• WAN (wide area network)
• Covers a large geographical area e.g., the
  Internet

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Ethernet Topology
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Ethernet Topology (continued) Tree
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Ethernet Topology (continued)
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Repeaters

• Assist in transmitting over long distances on a
  network
• Amplifier repeater simply amplifies the incoming
  signal, noise and all
• Repetidor amplificador simplemente amplifica la
  señal entrante de ruido, y todo

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Wireless LANs

• Use radio waves or infrared light
• Direct connection or through a LAN
• Access points are placed for node access
• dispositivo que interconecta dispositivos de
  comunicación alámbrica para formar una red
  inalámbrica.
• Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, IEEE are various standards
• Security is accomplished with filtered MAC
  addresses of the wireless NICs and encryption

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Token Ring

• Older technology
• Transmits at 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps
• Star ring topology
• Workstations contain Token Ring LAN card
• Universal Data Connector or IBM Data Connector

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How NICs Work (continued)
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How NICs Work (Network Interface Card)
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How NICs Work(Network Interface Card)

• Look for speed and type of network required
• Cabling is important (except for wireless)
• Slot choices are PCI or ISA
• PCI is faster and preferred

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Segmenting a Network

• Bridge
• Routes traffic
• Learns more information as it is used
• Will broadcast packets
• Switch
• Also uses table of MAC addresses of devices
  attached to it
• Does not broadcast packets

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Windows on a Network

• Small network (10 or less PCs) can be
  peer-to-peer
• Windows peer-to-peer is a workgroup
• Large networks use client/server model
• Windows network use domain controller

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Windows on a Network (continued)

• Popular network operating systems
• Windows NT/2000
• Windows 2003 Server
• Windows 2008 Server
• Novell NetWare
• Unix
• Linux

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Windows on a Network (continued)

• Windows supports various hardware
• Ethernet
• ATM
• Token Ring
• Various others

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Windows on a Network Protocols

• TCP/IP used on the Internet, should be used if
  you want an Internet connection
• IPX/SPX is an NWLink protocol for Novell NetWare
  operating system
• NetBEUI is a proprietary Windows protocol used
  only by Windows computers
• AppleTalk proprietary networking protocol suite
  for Macs

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Addressing on a Network

• MAC addresses used
• At lowest physical networking level
• For NICs and other networking devices for
  communication
• IP Addresses
• Protocol of the TCP/IP suite identify a device on
  the Internet
• 32 bits long

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IP Addresses

• Four sets of four numbers separated by periods
• Each set is called an octet representing 8 bits
• First part identifies the network
• Last part identifies the host

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Troubleshooting a Network Connection

• Symptoms of NIC problems

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Troubleshooting a Network Connection (continued)

• Device Manager with a yellow exclamation point or
  a red X beside name of the NIC
• No lights showing a physical connection between
  the NIC and the network
• Problem with the network cable, the card, or the
  hub

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Troubleshooting a Network Connection (continued)

• Some NIC solutions
• Check other computers on network
• Make sure the NIC and drivers are installed
• Check network cables
• Try a different port on the hub
• Check motherboard BIOS version
• Check for user ID and password

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Connecting Networks

• Routers
• Responsible for data traveling across
  interconnected networks
• Routers that connect networks belong to more than
  one network
• Router functions as bridge and router

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Bandwidth Technologies

• Bandwidth - how much data can travel over a given
  communication system in a given amount of time
• Measured in bytes per second (bps), thousands of
  bytes per second (Kbps) or millions of bytes per
  second (Mbps)

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Bandwidth Technologies (continued)
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Security on a Wireless LAN

• Methods for securing a wireless connection
• Disable SSID broadcasting
• Filter MAC addresses
• Data encryption e.g., WPA (WiFi Protected
  Access)
• Change firmware default settings
• Update firmware
• Use a firewall
• Virtual private network (VPN)