Israeil

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Occupied lands

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• Ground zero in the Mideast struggle over land is
  East Jerusalem, including the historic Old City
  center. Both Palestinians and Israelis lay claim
  to Jerusalem as their capital. The two sides also
  are battling over Gaza and the West Bank, where
  Jewish settlers have staked claims in the midst
  of territory designated for Palestinians

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• Other hot spots include the border between Israel
  and Lebanon, where Hezbollah guerrillas have
  clashed with Israeli troops, and the Golan
  Heights -- a strategic plateau in southwest Syria
  that Israel captured in 1967.

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West Bank and Gaza

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Following the 1967 and the 1973 war, the U.N.
Security Council passed Resolutions 242 and 338
calling for Israel to withdraw from territories
it had seized in the fighting, including the West
Bank and Gaza. The resolutions called for the
Arabs, in turn, to recognize Israel's right to
exist. Israel eventually agreed to the
resolutions as did Egypt and Jordan.
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Following the 1967 and the 1973 war, the U.N.
Security Council passed Resolutions 242 and 338
calling for Israel to withdraw from territories
it had seized in the fighting, including the West
Bank and Gaza. The resolutions called for the
Arabs, in turn, to recognize Israel's right to
exist. Israel eventually agreed to the
resolutions as did Egypt and Jordan.

• In the years following the wars, thousands of
  Jewish settlers staked claims in Gaza and the
  West Bank. The settlers, guarded by the Israeli
  military, continued to establish homes in
  scattered areas of Gaza and the West Bank even
  after 1988.

WEST BANK
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Jerusalem

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• Israel gained control of western portions of
  Jerusalem in 1948. Israel retained control over
  the New City following the 1949 armistice until
  1967

• Israel considers Jerusalem its "eternal and
  indivisible" capital. Palestinians say eastern
  Jerusalem is the capital of their future state.

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Lebanon border

• Israel announced the end to its 22-year military
  occupation of southern Lebanon on May 24, 2000.
  Israeli troops began to withdraw from the
  nine-mile security zone on May 22, 2000, after
  then-Prime Minister Ehud Barak ordered the
  pullout six weeks ahead of a self-imposed July 7
  deadline.

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• The zone was carved along the border in 1985 as a
  buffer between Hezbollah guerrillas and Israeli
  civilians in northern Israel. Filling the
  security void will be UNIFIL -- United Nations
  Interim Force in Lebanon -- a peacekeeping
  contingent of 4,500 troops from Ghana, France,
  Finland and Fiji among others. The U.N. plans
  eventually to expand the force to more than
  7,500. The United Nations had been calling for
  Israel's withdrawal since 1978.

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Golan Heights

• A major obstacle to peace between Israel and
  Syria is the issue of the Golan Heights, a
  strategic plateau in southwest Syria that Israel
  captured during (June 5-10, 1967). Israel put
  the Golan under military occupation to protect
  its northern border and by the late 1970s had
  established nearly 30 civilian settlements in the
  territory. In 1981, it unilaterally annexed the
  area. Syria wants Israel to return all the
  territory that was under Syria's control on June
  4, 1967.

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• Israel reportedly is willing to return some of
  the Golan but wants to retain the 1920 border
  drawn during the French Mandate of Syria and the
  British Mandate of Palestine following World War
  I. The Golan Heights embraces 1,250 square
  kilometers (500 square miles) and borders
  southern Lebanon, northeast Israel and northwest
  Jordan. Its elevations range from 2,000 meters
  (6,600 feet) in the north to below sea level
  along the Sea of Galilee (Lake Tiberias) and the
  Yarmuk River in the south.

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A Performance-Based Roadmap to a Permanent
Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian
Conflict
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A peace plan developed by the "Quartet" -- the
European Union, Russia, the United Nations and
the United States -- was presented to the
Palestinian Authority and the Israeli government
April 30. The three-phase "road map" sets these
goals

• A "final and comprehensive settlement" of the
  conflict.
• "An independent, democratic and viable
  Palestinian state living side-by-side in peace
  and security with Israel."

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Phase 1 Ending Terror And Violence, Normalizing
Palestinian Life, and Building Palestinian
Institutions -- Present to May 2003
RD MAP

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Palestinian Authority

• Accepts "Israel's right to exist in peace and
  security."
• Dismantles "terrorist capabilities and
  infrastructure."
• Ends all incitement against Israel.
• Holds free, open, and fair elections.

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Israel

• Confirms commitment to "an independent, viable,
  sovereign Palestinian state."
• Freezes all construction in Jewish settlements.
• Dismantles illegal settlement outposts built
  since March 2001.
• Withdraws from zones reoccupied during the
  conflict.

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Phase 2Transition -- June 2003-December 2003

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• Israel moves to "enhance maximum territorial
  contiguity" for the Palestinians.
• International conference launches the process
  leading to a Palestinian state with provisional
  borders.

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Phase 3Permanent Status Agreement and End of
the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict -- 2004 2005

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International conference tackles

• Permanent borders
• Status of Jerusalem, refugees and settlements
• Peace between Israel and other Arab states.