E-Union

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EUROPEAN UNION
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SCOPE

• WHY THERE WAS A NEED TO FORM UP EUROPEAN UNION
• WHAT HAS ITS IMPACT ON EUROPEAN NATIONS, KEEPING
  IN VIEW THEIR POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND SECURITY
  SITUATION
• HOW WILL IT PLAY ITS ROLE IN BALANCING AMERICAN
  INFLUENCE OVER WORLD MARKET AND DIFFERENT GLOBAL
  ISSUE

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SEQUENCE

• HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION
• EARLY COOPERATION
• EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY
• EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
• SINGLE EUROPEAN ACT
• TREATY ON EUROPEAN UNION
• MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

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SEQUENCE

• ECONOMIC IMPACT OF EUROPEAN UNION
• SOCIAL IMPACT OF EUROPEAN UNION
• POLITICAL IMPACT OF EUROPEAN UNION
• SECURITY PROVIDED BY EUROPEAN UNION
• EUROPEAN UNION AND AMERICAN TRADE

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SEQUENCE

• EUROPEAN UNION AND WORLD AT LARGE
• SUMMARY
• CONCLUSION
• QUESTIONS

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION
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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• 9TH-CENTURY EMPIRE OF CHARLEMAGNE

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• 1800 THE FRENCH EMPIRE OF NAPOLEON I

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• WORLD WAR II (1939 -1945), ADOLF HITLER

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FRENCH STATESMAN JEAN MONNET, PREACHED THAT IF
THE NATIONS OF EUROPE WERE TO RESUME THEIR
DOMINANT ROLE IN WORLD AFFAIRS, THEY HAD TO SPEAK
WITH ONE VOICE AND HAVE TO HAVE THEIR COMMAND
RESOURCES COMPARABLE TO THOSE OF THE UNITED STATES
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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• POLITICAL
• ECONOMIC
• BRINGING BACK EUROPE ITS DOMINANT ROLE IN WORLD
  AFFAIRS

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• THE LAW OF DEMOCRACY
• WHERE IT WAS NEITHER A NEW STATE REPLACING THE
  EXISTING ONE NOR IT WAS COMPARABLE TO ANY OTHER
  INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• ELIMINATE THE CHANCES OF WORLD WAR III
• ECONOMIC CONDITION OF EUROPE
• UNITE ON A POLITICAL PLATFORM

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BENELUX CUSTOMS UNION

• BENELUX ECONOMIC UNION

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BENELUX CUSTOMS UNION

• BELGIUM
• NETHERLANDS
• LUXEMBOURG
• FREE TRADE AREA
• COMMON TARIFF IMPOSED ON GOODS FROM OUTSIDE THE
  UNION

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EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY (ECSC)
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EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY

• EUROPEAN INTEGRATION TOOK PLACE IN 1951
• THE INTEGRATION OF THE FRENCH AND GERMAN COAL AND
  STEEL INDUSTRIES
• SCHUMAN'S MOTIVES WERE AS MUCH POLITICAL AS
  ECONOMIC
• ESPECIALLY THE ARMAMENT INDUSTRY

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EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY

• ELIMINATION OF TARIFFS AND QUOTAS
• IRON ORE, COAL, COKE, STEEL
• A COMMON EXTERNAL TARIFF
• CONTROL ON PRODUCTION AND SALES

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• IN 1957 THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE ECSC SIGNED TWO
  MORE TREATIES IN ROME
• THE EUROPEAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMUNITY (EURATOM)
• EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (EEC)

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• PEACEFUL USE OF ATOMIC ENERGY
• ELIMINATION OF IMPORT DUTIES AND QUOTAS
• COMMON EXTERNAL TARIFF

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• MEMBER NATIONS AGREED TO IMPLEMENT COMMON
  POLICIES REGARDING
• TRANSPORTATION
• AGRICULTURE
• SOCIAL INSURANCE
• FREE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND FUNDS WITHIN THE
  BOUNDARIES OF THE COMMUNITY

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• BRITAIN
• NORWAY
• SWEDEN
• DENMARK
• SWITZERLAND
• AUSTRIA
• PORTUGAL
• EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION (EFTA)

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EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY

• IN 1961, BRITAIN BEGAN NEGOTIATIONS TOWARD EEC
  MEMBERSHIP
• VETOED TWICE BY FRENCH PRESIDENT CHARLES DE
  GAULLE IN JANUARY 1963, SECOND TIME IN 1967

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• IN JULY 1967 THE THREE ORGANIZATIONS
• EEC
• ECSC
• EURATOM
• EUROPEAN COMMUNITY (EC)

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• IN 1972,IT WAS AGREED THAT THE FOUR APPLICANT
  COUNTRIES WOULD BE ADMITTED ON JANUARY 1,1973
• BRITAIN
• IRELAND
• DENMARK
• PEOPLE OF NORWAY VOTED AGAINST MEMBERSHIP

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• GREECE IN 1981
• SPAIN
• PORTUGAL IN 1986

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SINGLE EUROPEAN ACT (SEA)
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SINGLE EUROPEAN ACT (SEA)

• PHYSICAL
• TECHNICAL
• FISCAL BARRIERS
• TO ESTABLISH A SINGLE MARKET

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SINGLE EUROPEAN ACT (SEA)

• MEMBER STATES AGREED TO ADOPT COMMON POLICIES AND
  STANDARDS ON MATTERS RANGING FROM
• TAXES AND EMPLOYMENT
• HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT
• EACH MEMBER STATE ALSO RESOLVED TO BRING ITS
  ECONOMIC AND MONETARY POLICIES IN LINE WITH THOSE
  OF ITS NEIGHBORS

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• MAASTRICHT IN DECEMBER 1991
• EUROPEAN UNION
• POLITICAL
• ECONOMIC
• SOCIAL
• MORE AUTHORITY IN SEVERAL AREAS, INCLUDING THE
• ENVIRONMENT
• EDUCATION
• HEALTH
• CONSUMER PROTECTION

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HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNION

• CREATION OF THE ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION (EMU)
• UNIFY THEIR ECONOMIES AND ADOPT A SINGLE CURRENCY
  BY 1999

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TREATY ON EUROPEAN UNION

• BRITAIN REFUSED TO JOIN EMU
• DANISH VOTERS TURNED DOWN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
  TREATY IN A REFERENDUM
• FRENCH VOTERS FAVORED THE TREATY BY ONLY A SLIM
  MAJORITY
• GERMANY CHALLENGED THE TREATY IN THE COUNTRYS
  SUPREME COURT, SAYING THAT MEMBERSHIP IN THE EU
  VIOLATED GERMANYS CONSTITUTION

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BECAUSE OF THESE PROBLEMS, THE EU WAS NOT
FORMALLY INAUGURATED UNTIL NOVEMBER 1st 1993
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ECONOMIC IMPACT
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ECONOMIC IMPACT

• OF PROMOTING HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC
  ACTIVITIES
• CONTINUOUS AND BALANCED EXPANSION
• INCREASED STABILITY
• A RAPID RISE IN LIVING STANDARDS

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ECONOMIC IMPACT

• CLOSER RELATIONS BETWEEN ITS MEMBER STATES
• "BY ESTABLISHING A COMMON MARKET AND
  PROGRESSIVELY APPROXIMATING THE ECONOMIC POLICIES
  OF MEMBER STATES
• SOLIDARITY

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ECONOMIC IMPACT

• FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FOR INDIVIDUALS, GOODS,
  SERVICES AND CAPITAL
• TO MONITOR THE BEHAVIOR OF FIRMS AND PROTECT THE
  INTERESTS OF CONSUMERS
• STRONGER ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COHESION WAS A MUST
  FOR SOLIDARITY BETWEEN THE MEMBER STATES

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REGIONALPOLICY

• SOCIAL POLICY

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REGIONAL POLICY

• FEBRUARY 1988
• 14 BILLION A YEAR 1989 TO 1993
• MEASURES AIMED AT DEVELOPING REGIONS
• NEW ACTIVITIES IN INDUSTRIAL AREAS IN DECLINE
• LONG TERM UNEMPLOYMENT
• EASIER FOR YOUNG PEOPLE TO FIND JOBS
• MODERNIZING AGRICULTURE
• ASSISTING RURAL AREAS

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REGIONAL POLICY

• THE EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND (ERDF)
• THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND (ESF)
• THE EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL GUIDANCE AND GUARANTEE
  FUND (EAGGF)
• THE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT FOR FISHERIES GUIDANCE
  (FIFG)
• TO SUPPLEMENT OR STIMULATE EFFORTS BY
  GOVERNMENTS, REGIONS OR PRIVATE INVESTORS

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REGIONAL POLICY

• 1993-1999 FUNDS RAISED TO 200 BILLION
• EUROPEAN FUNDS KEY INSTRUMENT OF ECONOMIC AND
  SOCIAL POLICY

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SOCIAL POLICY

• THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL FEDERATION WAS SET UP IN 1961
  
• TO HELP CREATE JOBS AND PROMOTE VOCATIONAL AND
  GEOGRAPHICAL MOBILITY IN INDUSTRIES
• MAASTRICHT DECEMBER 1991, MEMBER STATE ADOPTED A
  SOCIAL POLICY

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SOCIAL POLICY

• THE RIGHTS TO BE ENJOYED BY WORKERS THROUGHOUT
  THE COMMUNITY
• FREE MOVEMENT
• FAIR PAY
• BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS
• SOCIAL SECURITY PROTECTION
• FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

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SOCIAL POLICY

• VOCATIONAL TRAINING
• EQUAL TREATMENT FOR MEN AND WOMEN
• INFORMATION
• INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY
• HEALTH PROTECTION
• SAFETY AT THE WORK PLACE
• PROTECTION OF CHILDREN, THE ELDERLY AND THE
  DISABLED

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ECONOMIC IMPACT

• OBJECTIVE 1 STATES THAT EU WILL PROVIDE
  DEVELOPMENT AID FOR REGIONS WHERE THE GNP PER
  INHABITANT IS LESS THAN 75 OF THE COMMUNITY
  AVERAGE, AND WILL HAVE A GRANT AMOUNTING TO 2/3
  OF ALL LOANS

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ECONOMIC IMPACT

• OBJECTIVE 2 STATES THAT EU AID WILL CONCENTRATE
  ON THE REGIONS PREY TO STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS,
  WHETHER THESE AREAS ARE UNDERGOING ECONOMIC
  CHANGE, RURAL AREAS IN DECLINE, AREAS IN CRISES
  WHICH ARE DEPENDENT ON FISHING OR URBAN AREAS IN
  DIFFICULTY

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ECONOMIC IMPACT

• OBJECTIVE 3 IS FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING HUMAN
  RESOURCES AND FIGHTING UNEMPLOYMENT

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THE POLITICAL IMPACT
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THE POLITICAL IMPACT

• SINGLE EUROPEAN ACT WAS SIGNED IN 1986
• EUROPEAN POLITICAL COOPERATION (EPC) BETWEEN EC
  MEMBER STATES
• FORUM FOR MUTUAL CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION

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THE POLITICAL IMPACT

• MEMBER STATES TO ADOPT A COMMON POSITION WITHIN
  INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, SUCH AS THE UNITED
  NATIONS
• HAS PROVED USEFUL IN ENSURING A CONSISTENT
  APPROACH TO FOREIGN POLICY

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THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY

• (CFSP)

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THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY (CFSP)

• THE OBJECTIVES
• (a) TO SAFEGUARD THE COMMON VALUES, FUNDAMENTAL
  INTERESTS AND INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNION
• (b) TO STRENGTHEN THE SECURITY OF THE UNION AND
  ITS MEMBER STATES IN ALL WAYS
• (c) TO PRESERVE PEACE AND STRENGTHEN
  INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

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THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY (CFSP)

• (d) TO PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
• (e) TO DEVELOP AND CONSOLIDATE DEMOCRACY AND THE
  RULE OF LAW, AND RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND
  FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS.

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THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY (CFSP)

• MEMBER STATES ARE MUTUALLY INFORMED AND CONSULTED
  ON ANY MATTER OF GENERAL INTEREST IN THE CFSP
  CONTEXT
• COMMON POSITIONS ARE ADOPTED
• LINKS MEMBER STATES' NATIONAL POLICIES AND THEIR
  POSITION IN INTERNATIONAL CIRCLES

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THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY (CFSP)

• THE EUROPEAN UNION RETAINS ITS ULTIMATE AUTHORITY
  
• JOINT ACTION BY 15
• FOR IMPLEMENTING JOINT ACTION BY A QUALIFIED
  MAJORITY
• AIM TO ALLIGN ACTIONS BY THE MEMBER STATE

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THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY (CFSP)

• INTERNATIONAL EVENTS IN JOINT STATEMENT
• COMMUNITY AND ITERGOVERNMENTAL PROCEDURES EXIST
  SIDE BY SIDE IN SAME INSTITUTION

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SECURITY PROVIDED BY EU
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SECURITY PROVIDED BY EU

• MAJOR EUROPEAN DEFENSE LIES WITH NATO
• END OF COLD WAR IN 1989-1990
• 65000 TROOPS AT AN ANNUAL COST OF AMERICAN TAX
  PAYERS OF NEARLY 90 BILLION
• NATO TO WESTERN EUROPEAN UNION (WEU)

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WESTERN EUROPEAN UNION

• BRUSSELS TREATY
• A COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT MADE IN 1948 BETWEEN
• UNITED KINGDOM
• FRANCE
• BELGIUM
• THE NETHERLANDS
• LUXEMBOURG

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WESTERN EUROPEAN UNION

• IN 1980S EU GAVE A NEW ROLE TO WEU
• HARMONIZE MEMBERS' VIEWS ON DEFENSE AND
  DISARMAMENT
• EAST-WEST RELATIONS
• ATLANTIC ALLIANCE

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WESTERN EUROPEAN UNION

• 1992 EU DECLARED WEU AS ITS SECURITY ARM
• THE WEU HAS STRENGTHENED ITS RELATIONS WITH NATO
• EU AND HAS BEGUN TO TAKE BACK FROM NATO SOME
  RESPONSIBILITY FOR EUROPEAN DEFENSE

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WESTERN EUROPEAN UNION

• WITH NATO ASSISTANCE, THE WEU HAS CONDUCTED
  MILITARY EXERCISES
• INCREASED ITS OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY AND
  READINESS
• TO PERFORM AS THE DEFENSE ARM OF THE EU
• WORTHY SUCCESSOR OF NATO

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HOW EUROPEAN UNION IS TRYING TO BALANCE AMERICAN
INFLUENCE OVER THE WORLD MARKET
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EUROPEAN UNION-AMERICAN TRADE

• HALF THE ENTIRE WORLD ECONOMY
• TRANSATLANTIC FLOWS OF TRADE AND INVESTMENT
  AMOUNT TO AROUND 1 BILLION A DAY
• JOINTLY, ALMOST 40 OF WORLD TRADE
• A COMMERCIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL RIVAL
• THE ONLY ONE WITH WHOM IT HAS BALANCED RELATIONS

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  EU US
Population (million) 376 273
Area (1000 km2) 3.236 9.809
Population density (inhabitants per km2) 115 29
GDP (billion Euro) 7.809 8.729
GDP per capita (Euro) 20.800 31.987
Trade in goods and services (billion Euro) Trade in goods and services (billion Euro) Trade in goods and services (billion Euro)
Total exports 988 862
Total imports 952 1132
Balance 36 270
Exports as share of total world exports 20 18
Imports as share of total world imports 19 22
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  Partner of total EU-exports
1 USA 24,1
2 Switzerland 8,2
3 Japan 4,7
4 Poland 3,8
5 Norway 3,1
6 Turkey 2,7
7 China 2,5
8 Hungary 2,5
9 Czech Rep. 2,4
10 Canada 2,20
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  Partner of total EU-imports
1 USA 20,5
2 Japan 9,1
3 Switzerland 6,8
4 China 6,4
5 Norway 3,8
6 Russia 3,4
7 Taiwan 2,6
8 South Korea 2,3
9 Poland 2,3
10 Hungary 2,2
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EUROPEAN UNION-AMERICAN TRADE

• UNITED STATES COMPLETE BUSSINESS IN SINGLE
  CURRENCY i.e DOLLAR
• EU BUSINESS IN VERITY OF CURRENCIES
• PETRO MONEY

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EUROPEAN UNION-AMERICAN TRADE

• IN 1991 CREATION OF EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION
• EURO

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EUROPEAN UNION-AMERICAN TRADE

• IN 1991 CREATION OF EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION
• EURO
• SINGLE CURRENCY FOR THE EUROPE
• UNITED STATES OF EUROPE

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EUROPEAN UNION-AMERICAN TRADE

• 1 JANUARY 1999 BANKS AND BUSINESS TRANSFER TO
  EURO
• 1 JANUARY 2002 EURO COINS AND NOTES GO INTO
  CIRCULATION

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EUROPEAN UNION-AMERICAN TRADE

• 1 JANUARY 1999 BANKS AND BUSINESS TRANSFER TO
  EURO
• 1 JANUARY 2002 EURO COINS AND NOTES GO INTO
  CIRCULATION
• 1JULY 2002 STATUS OF NATIONAL COINS AND NOTES AS
  LEGAL CURRENCY WAS ABOLISHED

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EUROPEAN UNION-AMERICAN TRADE

• WORLD A RESERVE CURRENCY
• MAY BE THE BUSINESS MEN OF THE WORLD WOULD LIKE
  TO CHANGE SOME OF THEIR DOLLARS WITH EURO
• IRAQ DEALING HER OIL IN EURO INSTEAD OF DOLLAR
• CONTINUED AMERICAN HATTERED BY THE MUSLIM WORLD

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EUROPEAN UNION-AMERICAN TRADE

• ALL THE ARAB OIL WAS NO SOONER GOING TO DUPLICATE
  FOR EURO
• AMERICAN INVASION OVER IRAQ HAS CHANGED THE SCENE
• TILL DATE EURO IS A SUCCESS
• WITH AMERICAN PRESENCE IN IRAQ
• UNPREDICTABLE

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EU AND THE WORLD AT LARGE
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11 SEPTEMBER-AFGHANISTAN-EU

• EUROPEAN UNION RESPONDED SWIFTLY TO THE ATTACKS
  ON 11 SEPTEMBER 2001
• SERIES OF CONCRETE MEASURES WERE TABULATED
• EUS SUSTAINED EFFORT IN FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM
• ALL EU EFFORTS ARE GUIDED BY-
• (a) CONTINUED SOLIDARITY WITH THE US

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11 SEPTEMBER-AFGHANISTAN-EU

• (b) DETERMINATION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST
  TERRORISM
• (c) COMMITMENT TO THE SECURITY OF ALL CITIZENS
  IN THE EU
• (d) EFFORTS TO TACKLE ROOT CAUSES OF TERRORISM
• (e) CONTRIBUTIONS TO BETTER UNDERSTANDING
  BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONS

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11 SEPTEMBER-AFGHANISTAN-EU

• FAILED STATE AND ONE OF THE POOREST COUNTRIES OF
  THE WORLD
• EU IS THE MAIN DONOR
• IN 2002 EU GRANTED 205 MILLION EURO
• FUND THE OPERATION OF 450 PRIMARY SCHOOLS
• 291 HEALTH CENTERS

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11 SEPTEMBER-AFGHANISTAN-EU

• PROVIDE OVER 3 MILLION PERSON DAYS OF WORK
  THROUGH RURAL RECOVERY AND URBAN REHABILITATION
  PROGRAMMES
• CO-FINANCE MASSIVE MINES CLEARING OPERATIONS
• PROVIDE SUBSTANTIAL SUPPORT TO THE GOVERNMENT
  RECURRENT BUDGET

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11 SEPTEMBER-AFGHANISTAN-EU

• CLEAN UP SEVEN CITIES AROUND AFGHANISTAN
• PREVENTING DISEASES LIKE CHOLERA
• CREATING JOBS
• HELPING MUNICIPALITIES AND COMMUNITIES TO START
  DELIVERING BASIC SERVICES

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EU LAUNCHES POLICE MISSION IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA

• ON JANUARY 15TH 2003, THE EUROPEAN UNION POLICE
  MISSION (EUPM) WAS OFFICIALLY INAUGURATED
• EUS FIRST CIVILIAN CRISES MANAGEMENT OPERATION
  UNDER THE CFSP
• TOTAL COST PER YEAR AMOUNT TO 38 MILLION EURO

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EU LAUNCHES POLICE MISSION IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA

• JUSTICE AND PROSECUTION REFORMS - 47.4M UP TO
  2004
• IN TRAINING, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, RESTRUCTURING
  AND SOME SUPPLY OF EQUIPMENT TO THE POLICE FORCE
  - 14.89m UP TO 2003

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EU LAUNCHES POLICE MISSION IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA

• ADMINISTRATION IN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION - 9M
  2002-2004
• IN ASSISTANCE TO ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY BUILDING
  TO HELP THE FIGHT AGAINST FRAUD, CORRUPTION AND
  ORGANIZED CRIME - 71.65 UP TO 2004

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ARAB ISRAEIL CONFLICT

• POLITICAL SUPPORT
• FREQUENT COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY
  (CFSP) STATEMENTS
• CFSP JOINT ACTION
• MONITORING OF THE PALESTINIAN ELECTIONS OF EARLY
  1996
• TRAINING OF PALESTINIAN POLICEMEN

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ARAB ISRAEIL CONFLICT

• TRANSATLANTIC DIALOGUE AND COOPERATION ON MEPP
  (MIDDLE EAST PEACE PROCESS)

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ARAB ISRAEIL CONFLICT

• ECONOMIC SUPPORT
• LARGEST DONOR OF NON-MILITARY AID TO THE MEPP,
  179 MILLION EURO A YEAR
• IN DIRECT SUPPORT OF THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY,
  REFUGEES, REGIONAL PEACE PROCESS PROJECTS
• OVERALL ECONOMIC SUPPORT ON A AVERAGE GOES BEYOND
  810 MILLION EURO A YEAR

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EU AND PAKISTAN

• EU-RUSSIA SUMMIT ON 29TH MAY 2002
• TESTS OF MEDIUM AND SMALL RANGE MISSILES
• EU AND RUSSIA URGED BOTH PAKISTAN AND INDIA TO
  PEACEFULLY RESOLVE THE KASHMIR CRISES

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EU AND PAKISTAN

• EU's ASSISTANCE TO PAKISTAN UP TO 100 MILLION
  IN 2001/2002
• PRESENTED A PACKAGE OF TRADE MEASURES DESIGNED TO
  SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE ACCESS FOR PAKISTANI
  EXPORTS TO THE EU

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EU AND PAKISTAN

• ALSO IT REMOVED ALL TARIFFS ON CLOTHING
• INCREASE QUOTAS FOR PAKISTANI TEXTILE AND
  CLOTHING BY 15
• IN RETURN PAKISTAN WILL IMPROVE ACCESS TO ITS
  MARKETS FOR EU CLOTHING AND TEXTILE

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EU AND IRAQ

• GULF WAR 1991 EU MAJOR DONOR OF HUMANITARIAN AID
  TO IRAQ, WITH 259 MILLION EURO
• FULL IMPLEMENTATION OF OIL FOR FOOD DEAL WOULD
  STOP OUT SIDE ASSISTANCE
• US 24 BILLION IN DECEMBER 1996, ONLY 28 (US
  6.9 BILLION) HAS REACHED THE IRAQI POPULATION

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EU AND IRAQ

• CONTINUED HUMANITARIAN AID AS A COMPLEMENT TO OIL
  FOR FOOD PROGRAMME

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EU STANCE OVER IRAQ CRISES

• EU MEMBERS MET WITH KOFI ANNAN
• EU OBJECTIVE FULL AND EFFECTIVE DISARMAMENT
• UNSC RESOLUTION 1441
• ENCOURAGE ARAB LEADERS TO COMPELL SADDAM HUSSAIN
  TO COMPLY WITH UNSC RESOLUTION 1441

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EU STANCE OVER IRAQ CRISES

• 12 MARCH, 2003 EUS EXTERNAL RELATIONS
  COMMISSIONER CHRIS PATTEN
• MILLITARY ACTION WITHOUT UN BACKING IS GOING TO
  DO A GREAT HARM TO
• UNITED NATIONS
• NATO
• TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS

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EU STANCE OVER IRAQ CRISES

• WARNED WASHINGTON THAT DEMOCRACY COULD NOT BE
  IMPOSED ON THE BARREL OF A GUN
• IRAQ WAR IS LIKELY TO FAN TERRORISM
• UNITED STATES FAILED TO WORK HARDER FOR ISRAELI
  PALESTINE PEACE

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EU STANCE OVER IRAQ CRISES

• HE FURTHER SAID THAT IT WILL BE THAT MUCH MORE
  DIFFICULT FOR THE EU TO COOPERATE FULLY AND ON
  THE LARGE SCALEALSO IN LONG TERM RECONSTRUCTION
  PROCESSIF EVENTS UNFOLD WITHOUT PROPER UN COVER
  AND IF THE EU MEMBER STATES REMAIN DIVIDED

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EU STANCE OVER IRAQ CRISES

• 12 MARCH 2003 EU REPRESENTATIVE SAID IN FRANCE,
  IT WILL BE THAT MUCH MORE DIFFICULT FOR THE EU TO
  COOPERATE FULLY AND ON THE LARGE SCALEALSO IN
  LONG TERM RECONSTRUCTION PROCESSIF EVENTS UNFOLD
  WITHOUT UN COVER AND IF THE EU MEMBER STATES
  REMAIN DIVIDED

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FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

• ESTONIA
• LATVIA
• LITHUANIA
• POLAND
• CZECH REPUBLIC
• SLOVAKIA
• HUNGARY
• SLOVENIA
• MALTA
• CYPRUS

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SUMMARY

• HISTORY AND THE REASONS FOR CREATION OF EUROPEAN
  UNION
• DIFFERENT POLICIES ADOPTED BY EUROPEAN UNION FOR
  ECONOMIC GROWTH OF EUROPE
• THE ADVANCEMENT MADE ON THE POLITICAL FORUM
• THE NEW DEFENSE POLICY ADOPTED BY THE EUROPEAN
  UNION

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SUMMARY

• EUROPEAN UNION AND AMERICAN TRADE FACTS
• IMPORTANCE OF EURO
• FINALLY EUROPEAN UNION ROLE IN WORLD AFFAIRS

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CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
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