kalabagh dam

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WATER AND POWER DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
WATER RESOURCES AND ISSUES
PRESENTATION TO OFFICERS OF KHARIAN
GARRISON June 25, 2005
2
PAKISTANS NEED FOR LARGE DAMS

• WATER SCARCE COUNTRY AS PER GLOBAL CRITERIA
• RAPIDLY INCREASING POPULATION
• DEPLETING ON-LINE STORAGES
• LARGE ESCAPAGES OF UNCONTROLLED FLOOD FLOWS IN
  SEA
• EFFECTIVE RIVER REGULATION AND INTEGRATION OF
  EXISTING IRRIGATION SYSTEM

3
WATER APPORTIONMENT ACCORD 1991

• PARA-6
• THE NEED FOR STORAGES, WHEREEVER FEASIBLE ON THE
  INDUS AND OTHER RIVERS WAS ADMITTED AND
  RECOGNIZED BY THE PARTICIPANTS FOR PLANNED FUTURE
  AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

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WATER DEMAND

• POPULATION 2005 141 million 2025 220
  million
• URBAN POPULATION Currently 35 2025 60
• TOTAL AREA 196 M ACRESCULTIVABLE 77
  MACULTIVATED 54.5 MAREMAINING 22.5 MA
  Needs Add. Water
• To increase the crop yield requires additional
  water.
• Net Crop Water Requirement 2003-4 77.4
  MAF 2010-11 89 MAF 2024-25 114.64 MAF
• Domestic Demand Currently 4.0 MAF 2025
  10.5MAF

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LAND USE IN PAKISTAN
CATEGORY AREA (MA)
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 196.0
AREA SUITABLE FOR AGRICULTURE 77.1
CULTIVATED AREA (IRRIGATED BARANI) 54.5
AREA UNDER IRRIGATION (BY ALL SOURCES) 44.4
ADDITIONAL AREA THAT CAN BE BROUGHT UNDER IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE 22.5
SOURCE AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF PAKISTAN 1998-99 SOURCE AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF PAKISTAN 1998-99
INDUS RIVER
DISPUTED TERRITORY
KABUL RIVER
Chenab River
Jhelum River
Ravi River
Indus River
Sutlej River
Sindh 3.6 MA Punjab 4.3 MA NWFP 3.0
MA Baloch. 11.6 MA TOTAL 22.5 MA
LEGEND MOUNTAINS DESERTS AREA
UNDER IRRIGATION AREA THAT CAN BE BROUGHT UNDER
IRRIGATION
ARABIAN SEA
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WATER AVAILABILITY IN PAKISTAN

• AVAILABILITY
• From Western Rivers at RIM Stations 141 MAF
• Above Rim Stations 5 MAF
• TOTAL 146 MAF
• USES
• Above RIM Stations 5 MAF
• Canal Diversion 106 MAF
• TOTAL 111 MAF
• BALANCE AVAILABLE 35 MAF

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ESCAPAGE BELOW KOTRIHYDROLOGICAL YEAR FROM APRIL
TO MARCH
April 2005 1.6 MAFMay 2005 0.74 MAF 2.34 MAF
Source WRMD WAPDA based on data supplied by
Govt. of Sindh
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RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION (MAF)
RESERVOIR GROSS STORAGE CAPACITY (MAF) GROSS STORAGE CAPACITY (MAF) GROSS STORAGE LOSS GROSS STORAGE LOSS GROSS STORAGE LOSS
RESERVOIR ORIGINAL YEAR 2004 YEAR 2004 (MAF) YEAR 2010 (MAF) YEAR 2025 (MAF)
TARBELA 11.62 (1974) 8.36 (72) 3.26 (28) 3.95 (34) 5.51 (47)
MANGLA 5.88 (1967) 4.64 (78) 1.24 (22) 1.60 (27) 1.97 (34)
CHASHMA 0.87 (1971) 0.48 (55) 0.39 (45) 0.58 (55) 0.50 (57)
TOTAL 18.37 13.48 (73) 4.89 (27) 6.03 (33) 7.98 (43)
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT NUMBER OF DAMS UNDER
CONSTRUCTIONIN SOME COUNTRIES
Country Total No. of Dams Total No. of Dams
Country Above 50 Ft. Above 200 Ft.
CHINA 253 59
TURKEY 113 22
INDIA 28 6
IRAN 52 28
JAPAN 97 35
PAKISTAN 4 1 (Gomal Dam)
Source ICOLD register of Dams
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LOCATION MAP DAMS
BASHA DAM
Gilgit
Chitral
Skardu
Indus River
Indus River
JAMMU AND KASHMIR (DISPUTED TERRITORY)
TARBELA DAM
Sringar
KALABAGH DAM
ISLAMABAD
Attock
Peshawar
TARBELA DAM
Rawalpindi
Soan River
MANGLA DAM
Kalabagh
Jammu
CHASHMA BARRAGE
Jheium River
Gujranwala
River
I N D I A
Dera Ismail Khan
Chenab
Faisalabad
River
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT LAYOUT
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECTSALIENT FEATURES

• Dam Type Earth Core Rock Fill
• Gross Storage 7.9 MAF
• Live Storage 6.1 MAF
• Dam Height 260 ft.
• Power 3600 MW
• Cost 6.0 Billion
• No Canal Outlets from Dam
• It Will Function As Seasonal Carry Over Dam

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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT(Current Status)

• Feasibility Report 1984
• PC-I submitted (1989) Approval pending
• Project Planning Studies Completed
• Completion Time 6 Years

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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
PROVINCE POPULATION TO BE RESETTLED LAND AFFECTED (ACRES) LAND AFFECTED (ACRES) LAND AFFECTED (ACRES)
PROVINCE POPULATION TO BE RESETTLED BARANI IRRIGATED TOTAL
PUNJAB 78,000 21,600 2,900 24,500
N.W.F.P 42,000 2,900 100 3,000
TOTAL 120,000 24,500 3,000 27,500
December 1999 (Being updated)
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECTCOST ESTIMATES (US Million)
Sr No Description July 1987 Prices Escalated to Dec. 2004 Prices
1 Diversions Embankment/Dam 554.1 850
2 Spillways Outlet Works 476.9 750
3 Power Features 684.7 750
4 Transmission/Collector Station 111.7 125
5 Resettlement 225.7 700
6 Preliminary Works 289.7 250
Sub Total 2342.8 3,420
7 Contingencies _at_ 10 234.3 342
Sub Total 2577.1 3,762
8 Engg. Admin._at_ 10 257.7 376.2
Total 2834.8 4,138.2
9 Financial Costs _at_ 40 1133.9 1653.3
10 Excise Custom Duties _at_ 5 141.7 206.9
GRAND TOTAL 4110.4 5998.4
Say 6.0 Billion
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APPREHENSIONS OF KPK
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT APPREHENSIONS OF NWFP
APPREHENSIONS FACTUAL POSITION
POSSIBILITY OF FLOODING OF NOWSHERA TOWN AND PESHAWAR VALLEY IN CASE OF UNPRECEDENTED FLOOD MODERN FLOOD WARNING SYSTEM WOULD PROVIDE ADEQUATE WARNING AGAINST FLOODS TARBELA IS ALSO ON LINE NOW 
DRAINAGE OF MARDAN, PABBI AND SWABI WILL BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED CONSERVATION LEVEL OF KALABAGH DAM IS 915 FT WHICH IS LOWER THAN THE LOWEST GROUND LEVEL OF MARDAN, PABBI AND SWABI SCARP AREAS
FERTILE CULTIVATED LAND WOULD BE SUBMERGED 2,900 ACRES OF BARANI LAND AND ONLY 100 ACRES OF IRRIGATED LAND WOULD BE SUBMERGED IN THE RESERVOIR
LARGE POPULATION WOULD BE DISPLACED RESETTLEMENT PLAN WOULD ENSURE PROPER COMPENSATION TO THE AFFECTEES PUNJAB NWFP TOTAL NO. OF AFFECTEES 78,000 42,000 120,000 LAND AFFECTED (Acres) 24,500 3,000 27,500
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT 3 D VIEW OF NOWSHERA
VALLEY
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT L-SECTION OF KABUL RIVER
MAX. CONS. LEVEL 915
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DRAINAGE LEVELS IN KABUL VALLEY WITH KALABAGH
CHARSADDA
PABBI
NOWSHERA
MARDAN
SWABI
1000
970
LEVEL IN FEET
960
955
940
RESERVOIR RETENATION EL. 915
DISTANCE U/S DAM SITE IN MILES
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT MODIFICATIONS
MODIFICATION IMPACT
Maximum Conservation Level Effective Drainage Outlet of
Original 925 Ft. Charsada 955 Ft.
Reduced 915 Ft. Pabbi 960 Ft.
Nowshera 940 Ft.
Mardan 970 Ft.
Swabi 1000 Ft.
Reduction in Storage Capacity from 7 MAF to 6.1 MAF
No Canal outlets from Dam It will function as seasonal Carry over Dam
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT KABUL RIVER SECTION
KM-4(7420 FT DOWNSTREAM OF PIR SABAK)
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT KABUL RIVER SECTION
KM-5(9270 FT DOWNSTREAM OF PIR SABAK)
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT KABUL RIVER SECTION
KM-6(4270 FT UPSTREAM OF ZARA MIANA)
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT KABUL RIVER SECTION
KM-7(6230 FT DOWNSTREAM OF ZARA MIANA)
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT KABUL RIVER SECTION
KM-8(7860 FT UPSTREAM OF MIAN ISA)
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECTKABUL RIVER SECTION
KM-9(1640 FT DOWNSTREAM OF MIAN ISA)
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APPREHENSIONS OF SINDH
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT APPREHENSIONS OF SINDH
APPREHENSIONS FACTUAL POSITION
NO WATER IS AVAILABLE FOR FILLING KALABAGH RESERVOIR AVERAGE ANNUAL OUTFLOW BELOW KOTRI IS 34.7 MAF MOST CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE SHOWS 15 MAF FOR STORAGE / DEVELOPMENT ABOUT 6 MAF IS JUST REPLACEMENT FOR TARBELA, MANGLA AND CHASHMA DUE TO SEDIMENTATION
SINDH WOULD BE CONVERTED INTO A DESERT AFTER MANGLA TARBELA DAMS, SINDH CANAL WITHDRAWALS INCREASED FROM 37.20 MAF TO 44.47 MAF CANAL WITHDRAWALS FOR SINDH WOULD FURTHER INCREASE BY 2 MAF AFTER KALABAGH
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT APPREHENSIONS OF SINDH
APPREHENSIONS FACTUAL POSITION
RIVERINE AREA WOULD GO OUT OF PRODUCTION DUE TO CONTROL OVER RIVER FLOOD PEAKS IN EXCESS OF 300,000 CUSECS WOULD STILL BE COMING ASSURED WATER SUPPLY THROUGH PROPOSED TUBEWELLS WILL BE MADE ROUND THE YEAR
INDUS DELTA MANGROVE FOREST WOULD VANISH ONLY 7,000 ACRES OUT OF 294,000 ACRES MANGROVE FOREST ARE IN INDUS ACTIVE DELTA ESTABLISHED THROUGH SATELLITE IMAGERY NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT IS EXPECTED AS REQUIRED MINIMUM WATER (AS PER LATEST STUDIES) WILL STILL BE FLOWING BELOW KOTRI
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT APPREHENSIONS OF SINDH
APPREHENSIONS FACTUAL POSITION
FISH PRODUCTION BELOW KOTRI WOULD BE AFFECTED No EVIDENCE ESTABLISHES THIS APPREHENSION AS FISH PRODUCTION INCREASED MARINE FISH (THOUSAND TONS) - 1995 283 - 1999 351 - 1996 270 - 2000 308 - 1997 292 - 2001 315 - 1998 303
STUDY REQUIRED TO DETERMINE ESCAPAGE DOWNSTREAM KOTRI TWO STUDIES (I) TO DETERMINE THE MINIMUM ESCAPAGES REQUIRED BELOW KOTRI TO CHECK SEA INTRUSION (II) TO ADDRESS ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS BELOW KOTRI ARE UNDERWAY THE THIRD STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS OF ALL THE FOUR PROVINCES IS ALSO TAKEN UP
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT APPREHENSIONS OF SINDH
APPREHENSIONS FACTUAL POSITION
Royalty from Kalabagh would go to Punjab although the Project would be Federally Funded It is a Constitutional Matter.
Desilt Tarbela Instead of Building Kalabagh Dam Desilting Tarbela Reservoir not a practical option
Save 40-50 MAF lost in seepage through Canal System Lining Lining is Complementary to Storage Lining is expensive and time taking. It is not completely effective. Seepage from Canals in fresh ground water areas is not a loss as it is being pumped out. It would not be a carry over storage and no additional water. It would improve availability at tails.
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECTANNUAL BENEFITS
1. Irrigation Water Supplies _at_ Rs. 2054/AF 6.1 x 2054 Rs. 12.53 Billion
2 Power Benefits _at_ Rs. 4.00/Unit 11.736 x 4 Rs. 46.944 Billion
3 Flood Control 1.50 Billion
Total Rs. 60.97 Billion
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THE INDUS DELTAMANGROVES AND LANDFORMS
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECT SEASON-WISE AND ANNUAL
CANAL HEAD WITHDRAWALS OF SINDH (1962-63 TO
1999-2000)
SEASON PRE-MANGLA (1962-67) AVERAGE PRE-TARBELA (1967-76) AVERAGE POST-TARBELA (1976-2000) AVERAGE ADDITIONAL WATER FOR SINDH AFTER MANGLA AND TARBELA ADDITIONAL WATER FOR SINDH AFTER MANGLA AND TARBELA
KHARIF 26.16 28.66 29.45 3.29 12.6
RABI 11.04 12.19 15.02 3.98 36.1
TOTAL 37.20 40.85 44.47 7.27 19.5
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KALABAGH DAM PROJECTHOW SOON CONSTRUCTION CAN
START ?

• All designs Tender Documents ready Need
  Updating
• Revised Environmental/Resettlement Studies
  Underway.
• Preliminary Works i.e. Access Roads, Colonies
  etc. can start right away.
• Actual Construction can start in early 2006.

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OTHER PLANNED PROJECTS

• BASHA DAM
• AKHORI DAM
• SKARDU/KATZARAH DAM

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BASHA DIAMER DAM PROJECTLAYOUT PLAN/CONFIGURATION
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BASHA DIAMER DAM PROJECTSALIENT FEATURES

• Concrete Gravity Dam (Roller Compacted) Endorsed
  by Panel of Experts
• Gross Storage 9.04 MAF
• Live Storage 7.34 MAF
• Dam Height 281 Meters (922 ft)
• Power 4500 MW
• Cost (Approx.) 6.721 Billion
• Construction Period 7 Years

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BASHA DIAMER DAM PROJECT(CURRENT STATUS)

• Feasibility Report Submitted Aug 2004
• Detailed Design Dec. 2007
• Prepare Tenders, Advertise Jun 2007 to Mar 2008
  Evaluate Award
• Up-gradation of KKH June 2008
• Commencement of Construction 2008
• Completion 2015

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UPGRADATION / RELOCATION OF KKH FORBHASHA DIAMER
DAM PROJECT
94 km
281 km
Length of Section
40 km
Hasanabdal
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KKH UPGRADATION RELOCATION

• ? 325 KM KKH TO UPGRADED RS 9423 M.
• ? 140 KM KKH TO BE REPLACED RS 14333 M.
• ? 7 CONTRACT PACKAGES FOR UPGRADATION WOULD
  REQUIRE AT LEAST THREE YEARS .
• .

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BASHA DIAMER DAM PROJECT OVERALL IMPLEMENTATION
SCHEDULE
S. No CALENDER YEAR (JAN-DEC) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
1 Feasibility Study Stage-I
2 Pre-qualification, Evaluation Award of Contract for Stage-II
3 Preparation of Tender Documents and Detail Engineering
4 Additional Investigation Studies and Model Testing
5 Pre-construction Activities Land Acquisition, Up-gradation of KKH
6 Tendering Process Up to Award
7 Mobilization of Contractor
8 Construction Activities
9 Rehabilitation/ Resettlement including Relocation of KKH
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AKHORI DAM PROJECT
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AKHORI DAM PROJECTSALIENT FEATURES

• RESERVOIR
• GROSS STORAGE 7 MAF
• LIVE STORAGE 6 MAF
• POND AREA 56,500 ACRES
• MAIN DAM
• CREST LEVEL 1470 FT
• MAXIMUM HEIGHT 420 FT
• LENGTH 17,000 FT
• CONVEYANCE SYSTEM
• CHANNEL CAPACITY 60,000 CUSECS
• LENGTH 20 MILES
• POWER POTENTIAL 600 MW
• (2100 GWh Per Year)
• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
• LAND SUMBERGED 59,217 ACRES
• POPULATION 49,320
• ESTIMATED COST (Updated) US 3.31 BILLION

As per Appraisal Study Report 2002
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AKHORI DAM PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
AWARD OF CONSULTANCY FOR FEASIBILITY STUDY TO
M/S TECHNO CONSULTANTS HPE JOINT VENTURE
- AUGUST 2003
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SKARDU DAM
SKARDU/KATZARAH DAM PROJECT

SKARDU DAM SITE
Shigar
Airport
Skardu
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COMPARISON OF PROPOSED DAMS
1 of 3
PROJECT Water Availability (MAF) /Year Live Storage (MAF ) Power Potential (MW) Logistic Problem Power Dispersal
KALABAGH 90 6.10 3600 LEAST NEAREST
BASHA 50 7.34 4500 MORE VERY DIFFICULT
AKHORI 14 6.00 600 LESS NEAREST
SKARDU/ KATZARA 27 5.2 PF - MAX. MOST DIFFICULT
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COMPARISON OF PROPOSED DAMS
2 of 3
PROJECT Construct-ability Start of construction Water availability for irrigation Seismicity
KALABAGH ECRD EASY IMMEDIATELYDESIGN TENDER DOC. READY EARLY LESS
BASHA RCC DIFFICULT 2008 LATE MORE
AKHORI ECRD EASY 2010 EARLY LESS
SKARDU/ KATZARA NOT DECIDED YET 2015 (UNCERTAIN) VERY LATE MORE
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COMPARISON OF PROPOSED DAMS
3 of 3
Projects ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL Project Cost Billion
Projects Persons Displaced Approx. Roads Affected Land Submergence (Acres) Project Cost Billion
KALABAGH 120,000 Minor 110,200 6.0
BASHA 24,000 KKH Submerges 110 Km Upgradation 320 Km 32,000 6.721
AKHORI 49,300 97 Km 59,200 3.31
SKARDU/ KATZARA 100,000 Submergence 40 Km Upgradation 680 Km 55,000 P.F. Sept 2005
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HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT
AT 8 GROWTH RATE POWER SHORTAGE LIKELY FROM 2006
IN PAST 20 YEARS HYDROPOWER SHARE REDUCED FROM 60 TO 34
THERMAL POWER GENERATION BEING SEVERAL TIMES AS EXPENSIVE, THE ELECTRICITY TARIFF HAS GONE UP
HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL IS ABOUT 40,000 MW
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INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY
17312 MW
119 MW
6459 MW(37.33) 4779 MW(27.61) 6070 MW(35.06) 17312 MW
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EXISTING HYDROPOWER PROJECTS
Project Capacity (MW) River Capability (MW) Capability (MW)
Project Capacity (MW) River Summer Winter
Warsak 240 Kabul 195 145
Mangla 1000 Jhelum 1020 120
Tarbela 3478 Indus 3691 560
Ghazi Brotha 1450 Indus 1450 580
Chashma 184 Indus 184 65
Small Hydropower 108 68 30
Total 6463 6608 1500
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PROPOSED HYDROPOWER PROJECT MAIN (INDUS RIVER)
Kalabagh Feasibility, Design Ready 3600 (MW)
Basha Feasibility Ready 4500 (MW)
Skardu Pre-Feasibility Under Study -
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RANKING OF HYDRO POWR SCHEME ADDED AFTER BASHA
RANK PROJECT RIVER POWER (MW)
1 DASU INDUS 3700
2 BUNJI INDUS 5400
3 THAKOT INDUS 1043
4 PATAN INDUS 1172
5 RAKHIOT INDUS 670
6 YULBO INDUS 710
7 KALANGAI SWAT 256
8 KOHALA JHELUM 740
9 MUNDA SWAT 740
10 KAROT JHELUM 240