Global Technology Trends in Solar PV Power : R&D and Commercial

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Global Technology Trends in Solar PV Power
RD and Commercial
Dr. B. Bhargava

• 5th November, 2012

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Solar Photovoltaic Energy
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Solar Cells Technology Options

• Crystalline Silicon solar cells
• - Single, Multi, Ribbon
• Thin Film solar cells
• - Silicon, a-Si, m-Si, CdTe, CIGS
• Concentrating solar cells
• - Si, GaAs
• Dye, Organic, nano materials other emerging
  solar cells

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Solar Cell Best Efficiencies World
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HIGHEST SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCIES (WORLD)

• TECHNOLOGY
  AREA EFF. GROUP
• 
  SQ. CM.
• Si SINGLE CRYSTAL 4.00 24.7
  UNSW
• Si MULTI CRYSTAL 1.00 20.3
  FhG-ISE
• a-Si SINGLE JUNCTION 1.00 12.7
  SANYO
• a-Si TRIPLE JUNCTION 0.27 13.5
  USSC
• a-Si/µc-Si(nc-Si) 1.20
  10.1 Kaneka
• CdTe
  1.00 17.3 First Solar
• CIGS
  1.00 19.6 NREL
• Si FILMS 4.01
  16.6 Stuttgart University
• DYE 1.00 11.0 Sharp
• Organic 1.0 10.0
  Mitsubishi
• GaAs (500 x) 0.4 40.7 SPECTROLAB
• Si/GaAs (20 x) 0.4
  42.8 Delaware Univ,

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Solar Cell Best Efficiencies India

• TECHNOLOGY AREA
  EFF. Group
• 
  SQ. CM.
• SINGLE CRYSTAL 64.00
  19.7 CEL
• MULTI CRYSTAL 100.00
  16.8 Tata BP
• a-Si SINGLE JUNCTION 1.00
  12.0 IACS
• a-Si MULTI JUNCTION 1.00
  11.5 IACS
• a-Si/µc-Si(nc-Si)
  1.00 9.0 IACS
• CdTe
  1.00 12.0 NPL
• CIGS
  0.41 13.0 IISC
• Si FILMS
  0.98 8.7 Jadavpur
• Dye Sensitized 1.00 9.5
  Amrita
• Organic cells
  1.00 6.2 NPL

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Crystalline Silicon Solar Module Efficiency

• TYPICAL IN PRODUCTION
• 
  INTERNATIONAL INDIAN
• SINGLE CRYSTAL 15 20.4
  14 17
• MULTI CRYSTAL 13 16
  13 16
  

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World PV Production Growth
GW
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World PV Market and Production 2011
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World Top 10 PV Manufacturers 2011
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World 2011 PV Equipment Suppliers
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World Top 10 PV Plants 2011
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Major PV Markets 2010 2011
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Solar for India

• Most parts of India receive good solar radiation
  4- 7 kWh/sq. m/day
• Possible to meet growing energy demands and cover
  deficit areas
• Can substantially reduce consumption of kerosene
  and diesel for lighting and power generation
• Provide access and empowerment at grass root
  level

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Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

• Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission is one of
  the major global initiatives in promotion of
  solar energy technologies, announced by the
  Government of India under National Action Plan on
  Climate Change.
• Mission aims to achieve grid tariff parity by
  2022 through
• - Large scale utilization and rapid diffusion and
  deployment of solar technologies across the
  country at a scale which leads to cost reduction
• - RD
• Local manufacturing and support infrastructure

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JNNSM Road Map
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JNNSM Strategy

• Graduated deployment to nucleate critical mass
  till costs come down and thereafter rapid scale
  up
• Consultative process to finalize the guidelines
• Enabling policy and regulatory frame work
• Supporting Utility scale power generation
• Expanding off-grid applications
• Accelerating Research and Development
• Enhancing Domestic manufacturing base

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Fiscal Incentives

• 100 Foreign Direct Investment
• Zero Customs Excise Duties on solar cells,
  modules and many raw materials and grid power
  projects
• 5 Customs and Excise duty on many other raw
  materials, components
• Tax - holiday for (i) setting up units in
  backward and specified areas and (ii) grid power
  projects
• 80 accelerated depreciation in the first year
  for certain capital investments
• Grant for carrying out research and development
  and technology validation projects

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Growth in Indian PV Production
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Indian PV Industry

• More than 80 companies, with installed capacity
  of over 1.8 GW make PV modules (As of March,
  2012)
• - 15 companies manufacture solar cells (gt 700 MW
  installed capacity)
• Manufacturing of various raw materials,
  components, devices and systems is coming
  up/expanding (Poly silicon, wafers, glass, EVA,
  back sheet, grid inverters, off-grid BoS,
  structures etc.)
• Production capacity of 3-5 GWp likely by 2020

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Status of PV in India
2600 MW 53,00,000 SYSTEMS
30/09/2012
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Grid Solar PV Power Plants in India

• 1044 MW capacity new Grid Solar Power projects
  commissioned by September, 2012 in 16 States

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PV Capital Cost CERC Tariff Trends

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• Proposed Cost Goal for PV 2017
• PV Module lt Rs. 30 per Wp
• BoS lt Rs. 25 per Wp
• Cost of Electricity Rs. 4 - 6 per kWh

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Projection for Grid Parity in India
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RD Strategy

• Research at Academic/ Research Institutions on
  materials and devices with long-term perspective
• Applied Research on existing processes and
  developing new technologies
• Technology Validation aimed at field evaluation
  of materials, components and systems
• Development of Centers of Excellence on different
  aspects of Solar Energy in research and education
  Testing and Characterization
• Support for Incubation and Innovation
• International collaborations institutional/indus
  trial

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RD in PV

• - Focus on development of materials, devices and
  BOS including storage materials and methods
• Identify research goals and thrust areas of
  research
• Support research across the entire value chain
• Involve industry in research and technology
  validation projects
• The outcome of the research should lead to (i)
  improvements in the efficiencies, (ii) reduction
  in the material and energy consumption in
  manufacturing, (iii) improving the reliability,
  quality and life expectancy of the balance of
  system components.
• This will lead to achieving grid tariff parity
  during 2015 - 2017

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Recent Initiatives in PV RD

• Development of poly silicon material (Maharishi
  Solar)
• 20 -22 efficiency single crystal silicon cells
  (IIT-Mumbai)
• 10 12 efficiency nano crystalline thin film
  modules
• (IACS-Kolkata, HHV-Bangalore, NPL-New Delhi, BES
  University,-Howrah)
• 12- 15 efficiency CIGS cells (Moser Baer. NPL,
  KIIT University)
• 10- 12 efficiency Dye sensitized cells (Amrita
  Nano Centre, IIT-Kanpur)
• 6 efficiency organic-inorganic hetero junction
  cells (IIT-Delhi, Delhi University)

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Recent Initiatives in PV RD

• Long term performance evaluation and training
  facility for Grid Solar PV Power at KPCL,
  Bangalore
• Long term performance evaluation and testing of
  solar lights at TERI University, New Delhi
• Long term performance evaluation of PV modules at
  SEC
• Development of batteries (CECRI-SEC)
• Development of inverters (IIT-B, BES University)

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Solar Energy Centre

• Solar Energy Centre (SEC) near New Delhi under
  the Ministry is the lead Centre for testing and
  training in solar energy in the country
• SEC has NABL accredited testing facilities for
  PV module qualification as per Indian and
  International standards
• SEC is imparting training in solar energy at
  various levels
• SEC is regularly conducting international
  training programmes in solar energy
• Demonstration of several solar PV and thermal
  applications including setting up of 1 MW
  capacity solar thermal simulation and validation
  facility at SEC is under progress

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Solar PV outdoor test bed at SEC
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PV RD Goals towards 2022
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PV RD Goals towards 2022
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Conclusions

• Indian policies have created investment friendly
  environment in the country for entire range of
  activities announced under the Mission
• India centric RD and local manufacturing
  necessary to reduce the cost to achieve grid
  parity preferably by 2015-17
• Partnerships necessary with global stakeholders
• India to be a major global player in PV
  technology

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• Thank You
• bhargavabh_at_gmail.com