Ancient Africa Chapter 8

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Ancient Africa Chapter 8

• J. Mikell Phoenix
• 2/24/09
• Dr. Linebarger
• Power Point Presentation

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Ancient African history

• Ancient Africa- beginning of civilization-
  Kemet- Nile Valley

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The Nile valley

• The primary evidence of early agriculture,
  architecture, engineering, language, writing,
  philosophy, science and religion began
• Extends over 4,000 miles
• River system is the worlds longest waterway
• Nile River flows south to north

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Kemet

• Began in the ancient city of Nubia
• Re-discovered on March 1,1979 by professors
  Keith Seele and Bruce Williams.
• They discovered more than 5,000 artifacts during
  the digs in ancient Nubia.

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The accomplishments of Kemet

• Great influence on the arts and sciences-
  Relationship of sun, stars and moon- Stellar,
  lunar and solar calendars- Predicted
  eclipses- Identified five planets- Divided
  year into three seasons

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Kemet symbols and their symbolic meaning

• The lion was a symbol of great importance in the
  Nile valley and has had a profound influence on
  contemporary society.
• The benu bird is an ancient mythical symbol which
  represents the regeneration of the soul.
• The myth of Ausar (Osiris) was the earliest
  record story of a god-man who was symbolically
  crucified, resurrected from death and reigned
  eternally in heaven.

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Great Pharaohs and Queens

• King Tutankhamen
• Ramesses the Great
• Nefertiti
• Hatshepsut

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King Tutankhamen

• Boy king
• Egyptian pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty
• His original name, Tutankhaten
• means "Living Image of Aten

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Ramesses the great

• reigned for 67 years during the 19th dynasty of
  the 12th century BC
• also known as a peace-maker and for the monuments
  he left behind all over Egypt.
• He was the first king in history to sign a peace
  treaty with his enemies, the Hittites, ending
  long years of wars and hostility.

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The symbols on the dollar bill and their relation
to Ancient Africa

• A Frenchman named Pierre Du Simitiere introduced
  the shield, E Pluribus Unum
• the roman numerals MDCCLXXVI which mean 1776
• the eye within the triangle.
• The final design submitted by the committee was
  rejected
• second committee was formed in January of 1777.
• Francis Hopkins proposed the pyramid, an olive
  branch and a radiant constellation of the
  thirteen stars.
• No favorable action was taken on these designs
  and a third committee was formed.
• The third committee and final committee met on
  may 4 1782.
• secretary of congress Charles Thompson appointed
  William Barton as chief artistic consultant.
• These two men borrowed and modified the ideas
  from the two previous committees and finalized
  the designs that ultimately grace the obverse and
  reversed of the official great seal.

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The Caduceus

• a symbol representing a variety of disciplines in
  the medical profession.
• associated with the Roman god Mercury and his
  Greek predecessor Hermes.
• is referred to as the Staff of Hermes.
• Mercury and Hermes evolved from the Nile valley
  Netcher Djhuiti,who was associated with medicine.
• Djhuiti is found holding a staff with a cobra
  intertwined around it in Africa

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Imhotep

• The father of medicine
• Great architect
• designed Djoser's tomb
• a step pyramid in Saqqara that's considered the
  world's oldest stone building.
• Was a priest and high government official
• Egyptian Third Dynasty king Djoser

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Nefertiti

• One of the greatest queens in Egyptian history
• Wife of Akhenaten during the Eighteenth Dynasty.

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Hatshepsut

• the fifth pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of
  Ancient Egypt.
• reigned longer than any other woman of an
  indigenous Egyptian dynasty .

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My Sources

• www.mnsu.Edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/history/hist
  ory/people/nefertiti.html
• En.wikipedia.org/wiki/tutankhamun
• www.Touregypt.net/featurestories/treaty.htm
• Http//www.sullivanet.com/mummy/historic-imhotep
• Nile Valley Contributions to Civilizations by
  Anthony T. Browder