Orthopedic Surgery

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Orthopedic Surgery
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Orthopedics is a branch of surgery that deals
with the conditions of the musculoskeletal system
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• It is an organ system which gives ability to move
  muscles and skeletal systems.
• Orthopaedic surgeons use both surgical and
  nonsurgical methods
• Orthopedics cure varied conditions such as
  degenerative diseases, tumors, sports injuries,
  congenital disorders and muscle skeletal trauma

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Surgeries

• Hand surgery
• Shoulder and elbow surgery
• Total joint reconstruction
• Pediatric orthopedics
• Foot and ankle surgery
• Spine surgery
• Musculoskeletal oncology
• Surgical sports medicine
• Orthopedic trauma

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Symptoms

• Attempts to correct problems that arise in the
• Skeleton and its attachments
• Ligaments and tendons
• Problems of the nervous system
• Injury of the spine
• Occur at birth
• Through injury (hand, wrist, shoulder, knee and
  etc.)
• Result of aging.
• They may be acute or chronic, as in many problems
  related to aging.

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Diagnosis

• Digital X-rays - a method for measuring bone
  mineral density they provide larger, clearer
  images that result in a more accurate diagnosis.
• Computed tomography (CT) scan -  is a medical
  imaging procedure that utilizes
  computer-processed  X-rays to produce tomographic
  images of specific areas of the body. It is
  integrated to show bones and soft tissue with
  greater detail and clarity. It is used to
  visualize injuries to bones and surrounding soft
  tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and muscles.

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Diagnosis

• Fluoroscopy - is an imaging technique that
  uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of
  the internal structures of a patient. Fluoroscopy
  is used during surgery, most often when repairing
  fractures or operating on the spine.
• Electrodiagnostic testing is a method of
  obtaining information about diseases by measuring
  the speed and degree of electrical activity
  within the nerves and muscles of body parts.

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Diagnosis

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical
  imaging technique used to visualise internal
  structure of body in detail
• Blood tests - to examine your psychological and
  biochemical statues, to determine infections
  present, or how a specific organ is functioning
  in your body

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Work Involved

• Much of the work involves adding foreign material
  to the body in the form of screws, wires, pins,
  tongs, and prosthetics to hold damaged bones in
  their proper alignment or to replace damaged bone
  or connective tissue

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Risk in surgery

• Risk of excessive bleeding
• Infection
• Clotting of blood
• Neurologic diseases
• Allergic reaction to anaesthesia
• Damage to nerves or to the spinal cord

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Rehabilitation

• Medication
• Exercises
• Restore movement
• Physical therapy
• Massage therapy
• Prevent injury and infection
• Nutrition and diet

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Results

• Normal result depends upon individual age and
  general health
• Abnormal result include persistent pain,
  swelling, redness, drainage or bleeding in the
  surgical area, surgical wound infection resulting
  in slow healing, and incomplete restoration of
  pre-surgical function.

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Celebrities orthopedic surgery

• Some of the celebrities who have had different
  orthopedic surgery
• Lance Armstrong -  a professional cyclist,
  injured his shoulder in a cycling crash in Spain
  in 2009, sustained a clavicle fracture. He opted
  for a treatment to surgically repair the clavicle
  fracture.

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• Peyton Manning - a professional football player
   had recurrent problems with cervical disc
  herniation and underwent neck surgery just prior
  to the start of the 2011 football season.

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• Dara Grace Torres - The American swimmer and a 12
  time Olympic medalist had to undergo many
  corrective surgeries on her shoulders and knees
  and cartilage transplant in order to combat
  severe arthritis in 2010.

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• Tom Brady -  A professional football player,
  injured in the first game of the season in 2008
  sustained an ACL tear and subsequently require
  surgical treatment for this injury.

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• Princess Eugenie - suffered from curvature of the
  spine and needed immediate medical attention.
  Eight inch long pins were placed in her back
  during an eight hour operation which meant that
  she spent three days in intensive care.

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• Donovan McNabb - a professional football player
  had a problem of groin pain due to a sports
  hernia, is a weakening of the muscles of the
  abdominal wall. He underwent surgery.
• Hideki Matsui - an outfielder for the New York
  Yankees. He was injured while catching a fly
  ball when he sustained a broken wrist in 2006. He
  underwent surgical treatment where pins were
  placed to hold the broken bones in proper
  position.
• Gwyneth Paltrow - an American actress she
  sustained a tibial plateau fracture. The tibial
  plateau is the top of the shin bone, and
  fractures of this part of the bone can affect
  the knee joint. underwent surgery to realign the
  tibial plateau