Shipping

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Shipping

• Agenda
• Part 1. Introduction, Nomenclature, Major
  shipping companies
• Part 2. Charter - Voyage, time and others
• Part 3. Deck maintenance
• Part. Engine room and maintenance
• Part 5. Communication system and others

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Deck Maintenance

• Deck Side Crew Hierarchy
• Master
• Chief Officer / Chief Mate
• Second Officer / Second Mate
• Third Officer / Third Mate
• Fourth Officer / Fourth Mate
• Fifth Officer / Fifth Mate
• Cadets
• Radio Officer
• Purser

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Deck Department

• The deck department is responsible for safely
  receiving, discharging, and caring for cargo
  during a voyage.

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Vessel

• Funnel
• Stern
• Propeller and Rudder
• Portside (left) and Starboard (right)
• Anchor
• Bulbous bow
• Bow
• Deck
• Superstructure

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Key Parts of Vessel

• Anchor chain
• Portside (Left side when viewed from rear)
• Starboard side (Right side)
• Hull
• Crane/Grab
• Lifeboats
• Gangways

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Bulk Carrier
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Tanker Vessel
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Cross-Sectional View of vessel
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Freeboard

• The freeboard on commercial vessels is measured
  between the uppermost continuous deck and the
  waterline.
• It is the distance from the waterline to the
  upper deck level, measured at the lowest point of
  where water can enter the ship.

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Load Line

• The purpose of a load line is to ensure that a
  ship has sufficient freeboard and reserve
  buoyancy.
• This must not be less than the freeboard marked
  on the Load Line Certificate issued to that ship.
• This symbol must also be permanently marked, so
  that if the paint wears off it remains visible.
• The load line makes it easy for anyone to
  determine if a ship has been overloaded.
• The exact location of the Load Line is calculated
  and/or verified by a Classification Society and
  that society issues the relevant certificates.
• This symbol, also called an international load
  line or Plimsoll line, indicates the maximum safe
  draft, and therefore the minimum freeboard for
  the vessel in various operating conditions.

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Load Line

• The letters on the Load line marks have the
  following meanings
• TF Tropical Fresh Water
• F Fresh Water
• T Tropical Seawater
• S Summer Temperate Seawater
• W Winter Temperate Seawater
• WNA Winter North Atlantic
• Fresh water is considered to have a density of
  1000 kg/m³ and sea water 1025 kg/m³. Fresh water
  marks make allowance for the fact that the ship
  will float deeper in fresh water than salt water.
  A ship loaded to her Fresh Water mark in fresh
  water will float at her Summer Mark once she has
  passed into sea water. Similarly if loaded to her
  Tropical Fresh water mark she will float at her
  Tropical Mark once she passes in to sea water.

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Load Line

• The Summer load line is the primary load line and
  it is from this mark that all other marks are
  derived. The position of the summer load line is
  calculated from the Load Line Rules and depends
  on many factors such as length of ship, type of
  ship, type and number of superstructures, amount
  of sheer, bow height and so on. The horizontal
  line through the circle of the Plimsoll mark is
  at the same level as the summer load line.
• The Winter load line is one forty-eighth of the
  summer load draft below the summer load line.
• The Tropical load line is one forty-eighth of the
  summer load draft above the summer load line.The
  Fresh Water load line is an amount equal to
  millimetres above the summer load line where is
  the displacement in metric tonnes at the summer
  load draft and T is the metric tonnes per
  centimetre immersion at that draft.In any case
  where cannot be ascertained the fresh water load
  line is at the same level as the tropical load
  line.The position of the Tropical Fresh load
  line relative to the tropical load line is found
  in the same way as the fresh water load line is
  to the summer load line.The Winter North
  Atlantic load line is used by vessels not
  exceeding 100 metres in length when in certain
  areas of the North Atlantic Ocean during the
  winter period. When assigned it is 50 millimetres
  below the winter mark.

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Load Line
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Typical Load Line Certificate
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Draft

• The draft (or draught) of a ship's hull is the
  vertical distance between the waterline
  (loadline) and the bottom of the hull, with the
  thickness of the hull included.
• Draft determines the minimum depth of water a
  ship or boat can safely navigate.
• The draft can also be used to determine the
  weight of the cargo on board by calculating the
  total displacement of water and then using
  Archimedes principle.

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Ballast Tank

• It is a compartment within a boat or ship, that
  holds water.
• A vessel may have a single ballast tank near its
  center or multiple ballast tanks typically on
  either side.
• A large vessel typically will have several
  ballast tanks including double bottom tanks, wing
  tanks as well as forepeak and aftpeak tanks.
• Adding ballast to a vessel lowers its center of
  gravity, and increases the draft of the vessel
  which is required for proper propeller immersion.

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Sea Watch

• At sea, the mate (chief officer) on watch has
  three fundamental duties navigate the ship,
  safely avoid traffic, and respond to any
  emergencies that may arise.
• Mates generally stand watch with able seamen who
  act as helmsman and lookout.
• The helmsman executes turns and the lookout
  reports dangers such as approaching ships.
• These roles are often combined to a single
  helmsman/lookout and, under some circumstances,
  can eliminated completely.
• The ability to smartly handle a ship is key to
  safe watchstanding.

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Sea Watch

• At sea, the mate (chief officer) on watch has
  three fundamental duties navigate the ship,
  safely avoid traffic, and respond to any
  emergencies that may arise.
• Mates generally stand watch with able seamen who
  act as helmsman and lookout.
• The helmsman executes turns and the lookout
  reports dangers such as approaching ships.
• These roles are often combined to a single
  helmsman/lookout and, under some circumstances,
  can eliminated completely.
• The ability to smartly handle a ship is key to
  safe watchstanding.

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• One of the cabins in Passenger Cruises

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Anchor

• An anchor is an object, often made out of metal,
  that is used to attach a ship to the bottom of a
  body of water at a specific point.
• There are two primary classes of
  anchorstemporary and permanent.
• A permanent anchor is often called a mooring, and
  is rarely moved it is quite possible the vessel
  cannot hoist it aboard but must hire a service to
  move or maintain it.
• Vessels carry one or more temporary anchors which
  may be of different designs and weights.
• An anchor works by resisting the movement force
  of the vessel which is attached to it.
• There are two primary ways to do thisvia sheer
  mass, and by "hooking" into the seabed

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Deck
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Tanker Oil lines with Pumps
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Levels of Deck

• Boat deck Especially on ships with sponsons, the
  deck area where lifeboats or the ship's gig are
  stored.
• Boiler deck
• Bridge deck (a) The deck area including the helm
  and where the Officer of the Deck will be found.
• Main deck The highest deck of the hull (also
  called the upper deck, see below), usually but
  not always the weather deck. Anything above the
  main deck is superstructure.
• Poop deck The deck forming the roof of a poop or
  poop cabin, built on the upper deck and extending
  from the aft.
• Side-deck The upper deck of any structures
• Upper deck The highest deck of the hull.

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Steering Wheel
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Steering Wheel

• The wheel of a ship is the modern method of
  adjusting the angle of the rudder, in turn
  changing the direction of the ship. It is also
  called the helm, together with the rest of the
  steering mechanism
• The wheel is typically connected to a mechanical
  or hydraulic system.
• In some modern ships the wheel is replaced with a
  simple toggle that remotely controls an
  electro-mechanical or electro-hydraulic drive for
  the rudder, with a rudder position indicator
  presenting feedback to the helmsperson.

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Propeller

• Basically a type of fan which transmits power by
  converting rotational motion into thrust for
  propulsion of ship through water.
• It is effected by rotating two or more twisted
  blades about a central shaft, in a manner
  analogous to rotating a screw.
• The blades of a propeller act as rotating wings
  and produce force through application Newtons
  third law.

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Rudder and Propeller
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Rudder

• A rudder is a device used to steer a ship.
• A rudder operates by redirecting the fluid past
  the hull or fuselage, thus imparting a turning or
  yawing motion to the craft.
• In basic form, a rudder is a flat plane or sheet
  of material attached with hinges to the craft's
  stern, tail or after end.
• Often rudders are shaped so as to minimize
  hydrodynamic or aerodynamic drag.
• In larger vessels, cables, pushrods and
  hydraulics may be used to link rudders to
  steering wheels. In typical aircraft, pedals
  operate rudders via mechanical linkages.