Chemical Safety

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Chemical Safety

• Joe Nail

Hazard Communication Standard
1910.1200
Subpart Z
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Introduction

• What is a Chemical Hazard?
• Answer Any chemical that can cause illness,
  injury, or an emergency.
• Chemical Hazards
• Physical
• Health

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Chemical Hazards
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Chemical Hazards

• Pyrophoric
• Flammable Chemicals
• Combustible Chemicals
• Oxidizers

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OHSAs Haz-Com Standard
OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard is designed
to protect employees from hazardous chemicals
used or stored in the work setting. Also referred
to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard
Communication Standard requires that information
and training (i.e., hazcom training) be provided
to any employees who have the potential of being
exposed to a hazardous chemical under normal
condition of use or in a foreseeable
emergency. Such hazcom training requires the
presence of hazardous chemicals be communicated
to employees in a variety of ways, including
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Purpose

• The purpose of the standard is to make sure that
  the hazards of chemicals are evaluated
• That information concerning their hazards is
  communicated to employers and employees

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Who is covered

• OSHAs Hazard Communication (HazCom) standard
  applies to general industry, shipyard, marine
  terminals, longshoring, and construction
  employment and covers chemical manufacturers,
  importers, employers, and employees exposed to
  chemical hazards.

Horizontal
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HazCom Requirements

• The hazardous chemical inventory
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
• Labels, tags or signs
• The written Hazard Communication program

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Background

• The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is based
  on a simple concept--that employees have both a
  need and a right to know the hazards and
  identities of the chemicals they are exposed to
  when working

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Background

• They also need to know what protective measures
  are available to prevent adverse effects from
  occurring
• The HCS is designed to provide employees with the
  information they need

MSDS
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Employers

• Employers are required to provide information to
  their employees about the hazardous chemicals to
  which they are exposed using
• A hazard communication program
• labels and other forms of warnings
• material safety data sheets (MSDS)
• information and training

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Warehouse and Retail Operations

• In work operations where employees only handle
  chemicals in sealed containers, which are not
  opened under normal conditions
• Employers must only do the following
• Ensure labels on incoming chemicals
  are not defaced or removed
• Maintain copies of any material safety data
  sheets that are received with incoming shipments
• Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out
  MSDS

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Warehouse and Retail Operations

• Provide employees with information and training
  (no written program required) to the extent
  necessary to protect them in the event of a spill
  or leak of a hazardous chemical from a sealed
  container

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Labeling Exemptions

• Other federal agencies control the labeling
  requirements for the following substances
• Pesticides
• Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance
  Control Act
• Foods or food additives
• Distilled Spirits, tobacco
• Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics
• Hazardous wastes

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Employer Requirements-Written Program

• Employers must develop a written program that
  covers at least
• Labels and other forms of warnings
• Material Safety Data Sheets
• Employee Information and Training

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Employer Requirements-Written Program

• Employers must develop a written program that
  covers at least
• A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be
  present at the facility along with MSDSs for
  each chemical
• The methods the employer
  will use to inform employees
  of the hazards
  non-routine tasks
• The hazards of chemicals
  in unlabeled pipes

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Multi-Employer Workplaces

• If employees of other employers could be exposed
  to hazardous chemicals the program must include
• Methods to provide contractor employees with
  on-site access to MSDS for each chemical those
  workers may be exposed to
• The methods used to inform other employers of any
  precautionary measures to be taken for normal and
  emergency situations
• The employers chemical labeling system

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Consumer Products Exemption

• Any consumer product as defined in the Consumer
  Product Safety Act where the employer can show
  that
• It is used in the workplace for the purpose
  intended
• The use results in a duration and frequency of
  exposure which is not greater than the range of
  exposures that could reasonably be experienced by
  consumers when used for the purpose intended

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Written Program Availability

• The employer must make the written program
  available, upon request, to
• Employees and their designated representatives
• Where work is carried out at more than one
  location, the program may be kept at the main
  location

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Labels, Tags and Markings

• The employer must ensure that each container of
  hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled,
  tagged or marked with the following
• Identity of the hazardous chemical
• Appropriate hazard warnings
• This above labeling information is required of
  the manufacturer so the employer must ensure that
  the original labels from the manufacturer are on
  all containers and remain legible

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Container Labeling Exemption for Portable
Containers

• The employer is not required to label portable
  containers into which hazardous chemicals are
  transferred from labeled containers, and which
  are intended only for the immediate use by the
  employee who performs the transfer

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The employer need not affix new labels to
comply with the standard if existing labels
already covey the required information
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New Hazard Information

• Manufacturers, importers, distributors and
  employers who become newly aware of significant
  information regarding chemical hazards shall
• Revise the labels for the chemical within three
  months
• Revise the MSDS for the chemical within three
  months

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MSDS kept in other forms

• MSDS may be kept in any form including operating
  procedures
• It may be more appropriate to address the hazards
  of a process rather than individual hazardous
  chemicals

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Employee Information and Training

• Employers must provide employees information and
  training on hazardous chemicals in their work
  area
• At the time of their initial assignment
• Whenever a new physical or health hazard the
  employees have not previously been trained about
  is introduced into their work area
• Training may cover categories of hazards

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Employee Information

• Employers must inform employees
• Of the training requirements of this section
  (1910.1200 (h) Employee information and
  training.)
• Any operations in their work area where hazardous
  chemicals are present
• The location and availability of the written
  hazard communication program

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Employee Training

• Employee training shall include at least
• The means to detect the presence or release of a
  hazardous chemical in the work area
• The physical and health hazards of chemicals in
  the work area
• Measures employees can take to protect themselves
• Details of the employers specific program

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Health Hazards

• Category A-Biological Agents
• Category B-Physical Agents
• Category C-Chemical Agents
• Chemical Agents-This Discussion

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Chemical Health Effects

• Irritants Inflame skin tissue on contact.
• Corrosives Destroy skin tissue at point of
  contact.
• Sensitizers Cause allergic reactions.
• Target-Organ Chemicals Damage specific body
  organs and systems.
• Reproductive Hazards Change genetic information
  in egg or sperm cells and/or damage fetus after
  conception.
• Carcinogens Cause cancer.

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Health Hazards

• Sensitizers
• Target-Organ Chemicals
• Reproductive Hazards
• Carcinogens

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Health Hazards

• Irritants
• Corrosives

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Corrosive

• Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to
  body tissue
• Acids
• Caustics (or bases)

Caustics (or bases)
pH Scale
Acids
1
7
14
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Target Organ Effects
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Hepatotoxins

• Chemicals which produce liver damage
• Signs and Symptoms Jaundice, liver enlargement
• Chemicals Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines

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Nephrotoxins

• Chemicals which produce kidney damage
• Signs and Symptoms Edema
• Chemicals Halogenated Hydrocarbons, uranium

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Neurotoxins

• Chemicals which produce their primary toxic
  effects on the nervous system
• Signs and Symptoms Narcosis, behavioral changes,
  decreased motor function
• Chemicals Mercury, carbon disulfide, lead

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Agents which act on the blood

• Decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body
  tissues of oxygen
• Signs and Symptoms Cyanosis, loss of
  consciousness
• Chemicals Carbon monoxide, cyanides

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Agents which damage the lungs

• Chemicals which damage pulmonary tissue
• Signs and Symptoms Cough, tightness in the
  chest, loss of breath
• Chemicals Asbestos, silica

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Reproductive toxins

• Chemicals which damage reproductive capabilities
• Includes chromosomal damage (mutations) and
  damage to fetuses (teratogenesis)
• Signs and Symptoms Birth defects, sterility
• Chemicals Lead

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Cutaneous hazards

• Chemicals which effect the dermal layer of the
  body
• Signs and Symptoms Defatting of the skin,
  rashes, irritation
• Chemicals Ketones, chlorinated compounds

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Eye hazards

• Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity
• Signs and symptoms Conjunctivitis, corneal
  damage, blurred vision, burning or irritation
• Chemicals Solvents, corrosives

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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are one of the
most important tools available to employers for
providing information, and protection to workers
from hazardous chemicals which are used in the
workplace.
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
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1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required information

• Identity of the chemical
• Physical and chemical characteristics
• Physical hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Primary routes of entry
• PELs or other exposure limits
• Control measures
• Emergency procedures

• Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the
  National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report
  on Carcinogens
• precautions for safe handling and use
• Date of preparation
• Name, address and telephone of the manufacturer

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Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of
Labor May be used to comply with Occupational
Safety and Health Administration OSHA's Hazard
Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form) 29
CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for
specific requirements. Form Approved OMB No.
1218-0072 IDENTITY (As Used on Label and
List) Note Blank spaces are not permitted. If
any item is not applicable, or no information is
available, the space must be marked to indicate
that. Section I Manufacturer's Name Emergency
Telephone Number Address (Number, Street, City,
State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number for
Information Date Prepared Signature of
Preparer (optional)
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Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity
Information Hazardous Components (Specific
Chemical Identity Common Name(s)) OSHA
PEL ACGIH TLV Other Limits Recommended (option
al)
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Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O
1) Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting
Point Vapor Density (AIR 1) Evaporation
Rate(Butyl Acetate 1) Solubility in
Water Appearance and Odor
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Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable
Limits LEL UEL Extinguishing
Media Special Fire Fighting
Procedures Unusual Fire and Explosion
Hazards
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Section V - Reactivity Data Stability Unstable C
onditions to Avoid Stable Incompatibility
(Materials to Avoid) Hazardous Decomposition
or Byproducts HazardousPolymerization May
Occur Conditions to Avoid Will Not Occur
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Section VI - Health Hazard Data Route(s) of
Entry Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion? Health
Hazards (Acute and Chronic) Carcinogenicity
NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA Regulated? Signs and
Symptoms of Exposure Medical
ConditionsGenerally Aggravated by
Exposure Emergency and First Aid
Procedures
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Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and
Use Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is
Released or Spilled Waste Disposal
Method Precautions to Be taken in Handling and
Storing Other Precautions
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Section VIII - Control Measures Respiratory
Protection (Specify Type) Ventilation Local
Exhaust Special Mechanical (General) Other P
rotective Gloves Eye Protection Other
Protective Clothing or Equipment Work/Hygienic
Practices
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Setting up a program

• The HCS covers both
• Physical hazards (such as flammability),
  and
• Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage,
  and cancer)
• Most chemicals used in the workplace have some
  hazard potential, and thus will be covered by the
  rule

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Setting up a program

• One difference between this rule and many others
  adopted by OSHA is that this one is
  performance-oriented
• That means that you have the flexibility to adapt
  the rule to the needs of your workplace, rather
  than having to follow specific, rigid
  requirements

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Setting up a program

• Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace
  that are potentially hazardous
• The best way to prepare a comprehensive list is
  to survey the workplace
• Identify chemicals in containers, including pipes
• Establish purchasing procedures so that MSDSs are
  being received before a material is used in the
  workplace

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Identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace.

• Compile a complete list of the potentially
  hazardous chemicals in the workplace
• Determine if you have received material safety
  data sheets for all of them
• If any are missing, contact your supplier and
  request one
• You should not allow employees to use any
  chemicals for which you have not received an MSDS

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Preparing and implementing a hazard communication
program

• All workplaces where employees are exposed to
  hazardous chemicals must have a written plan
• The plan does not have to be lengthy or
  complicated

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Employee training

• If there are only a few chemicals in the
  workplace, then you may want to discuss each one
  individually
• Where there are large numbers of chemicals, or
  the chemicals change frequently, you will
  probably want to train generally based on the
  hazard categories (e.g., flammable liquids,
  corrosive materials, carcinogens)

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Documentation

• The rule does not require employers to maintain
  records of employee training, but many employers
  choose to do so
• This may help you monitor your own program to
  ensure that all employees are appropriately
  trained

Hazard Communication
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Recognizing Chemical Health Effects-What to Look
for.

• Symptoms appear while you are at work.
• Symptoms get worse during the work week but go
  away when you are off.
• Fellow employees have reported similar symptoms.

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Forms of Chemical Hazards

• Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists, Dusts, and
  Fumes.
• Exposure Routes

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Control of Chemical Hazards and Exposures

• Engineering and Mechanical Controls
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Administrative and Procedural Controls

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Chemical Spill Response

• Requires Special Training
• What can I do?

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Chemical Spill ResponseCFR 1910.120 Hazardous
Waste Operations and Response Standard (HAZWOPER)

• Option 1-Evacuate employees and call in
  professional emergency response personnel. (EAP)
  29 CFR1010.38(a)
• Option 2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR
  1010.120

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Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
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Emergency Response Plan (ERP)
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First Aid for Chemical Exposure

• Ingestion
• Inhalation
• Skin Contact
• Eye Contact
• Burns

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Review

• 1. Give the names of the two chemical hazards.
• 2. What name is given to a chemical which will
  burst into flame when contacted by air?
• 3. What term is given to chemicals which can
  cause and /or support fire in other materials?
• 4. What is a health hazard?
• 5. Which kind of health hazard destroys skin on
  contact?
• 6. Chemicals that cause sterility, fetal death,
  and birth defects are called ____________.
• 7. What is a carcinogen?
• 8. Give the three states in which a chemical can
  exist.
• 9. Give the three ways employees can be exposed
  to health hazards.
• 10.What are the most common skin contact hazards?
• 11.What is an MSDS?
• 12.What kind of information is found on the MSDS?