Roles for small-group discussions

1
Roles for small-group discussions

• Timekeeper ensure that discussants keep on track
  and that all questions are addressed in the time
  allowed.
• Note-taker records the groups answers to the
  questions. This should be the answer the group
  agrees on.
• Representative will summarize the groups answer
  and speak on behalf of the group.
• Moderator ensures that members constructively
  work on the answers and helps to establish what
  the final group answer will be.

2
Small- group

• In what ways do fast-food restaurants constraint
  workers? (Kelley)
• How do workers resist the routanization of work?
  In what ways do they change the structure of
  work? (Kelley)
• What is the point of this chapter? (Kelley)
• What connections can you make between these
  readings?

3
Small-Group

• What is root shock and why is it a problem?
  (Lipsitz)
• What are some of the specific ways in which
  whites benefit from government programs?
  (Lipsitz)
• According to Lipsitz, why have minority groups
  rarely banded together to tackle issues of
  racism?
• According to Lipsitz, how has racism changed over
  the course of US history?

4
Introduction to the Concepts

• Important terms

5
Race Vs. Ethnicity

• Bonila-Silva, Ethnicity is a way of asserting
  distinctiveness and creating a sense of
  commonality
• Race is a way of otherizing, of excluding

6
Stereotypes
Slide 6

• Stereotypes An unreliable generalization about
  members of a group that do not recognize
  individual differences within the group.
• Q What stereotypes do we have toward minority
  groups (e.g., Hispanic Americans, African
  Americans, Jewish Americans Asian Americans)?
• Stereotypes ? Prejudice ? Discrimination
• Prejudice
• New racism (cultural racism)
• Racist

7
Enculturation

• immersion in ones own culture to the point where
  they assume their way of life is natural or
  normal.

8
Cultural relativism

• judging a culture by its own cultural rules and
  values.
• Good points
• Avoids cultural bias
• Treats all cultures as important
• Bad points
• Can be used to excuse racism, classism and
  sexism.

9
Essentialism

• the tenet that human behavior is natural,
  predetermined by genetic, biological, or
  physiological mechanisms and thus not subject to
  change.

10
Hegemony

• "...Dominant groups in society, including
  fundamentally but not exclusively the ruling
  class, maintain their dominance by securing the
  'spontaneous consent' of subordinate groups,
  including the working class, through the
  negotiated construction of a political and
  ideological consensus which incorporates both
  dominant and dominated groups." (Strinati, 1995
  165)

11
Hegemony

• A class had succeeded in persuading the other
  classes of society to accept its own moral,
  political and cultural values
• Can be understood as "common sense", a cultural
  universe where the dominant ideology is practiced
  and spread
• It is a set of ideas by means of which dominant
  groups strive to secure the consent of
  subordinate groups to their leadership

12
Social construction theory

• suggests that what we see as real is the result
  of human interaction.
• Socialization the process of social interaction
  by which people learn the way of life of their
  society and where they learn their specific roles
  in that society.

13
The Social Construction of RealityPeter Berger
and Thomas Luckman
14
Three stages of Reality construction

• Stage 1
• Externalization
• Humans form habits, through habits ..
• We create Institutions, values and beliefs
  through social interaction.
• The social word exists before the individual

15
Stage 2

• objectivication
• Objects take on a reality of their own.
• We do not question how or why institutions exist
• We treat objects as real i.e. THE ECONOMY

16
Third stage

• Final Stage
• Internalization
• We learn the objective facts about the socially
  constructed world.
• We treat them as real and use these concepts in
  our everyday life
• No one tells us to obey the law we just do it.
• socialization

17
Society is a human product.Society is an
objective reality.Humans are a social product.