By Rebekah Koehn and Katy Andress

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Energy!!!!!!

• By Rebekah Koehn and Katy Andress

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Oil

• Nonrenewable resource
• Fossil fuel
• Made of dead plants and animals
• Takes millions of years to form
• Has many uses
• Must be refined before used

Oil Refinery
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How Oil is Formed

• Formed from remains of animals, plants
• Remains covered by layers of mud
• Heat, pressure turn remains into crude oil
• Petroleum means oil from the earth

Oil is being formed!!!!
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History of OIL!!!

• Known and used since ancient times
• Wasnt used as a fuel
• First oil well drilled in 1859
• Became fuel when cars were made
• Used in furnaces
• Burned to produce
• electricity

Early oil workers
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Where Oil is Found

• Flows from natural springs
• Found in PLAY
• Produced offshore in gulf of Mexico
• Mostly found in Texas, California, Alaska
• Also found in Louisiana, Oklahoma

PLAY a group of geographical features that are
likely to contain oil or gas.
Natural spring
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Advantages and disadvantages of oil

• Advantages
• One of most abundant energy resources
• Liquid form easy to transport, use
• Has high heating value
• Relatively inexpensive
• No technology needed to use
• Disadvantages
• Burning oil causes carbon emissions
• Recovery process takes to long
• Oil drilling endangers environment and ecosystem
• Transportation can lead to spills

Oil production
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Environmental Impacts of Oil

• Exploring oil damages land, ocean habitats
• Oils spills harm wildlife
• Leaks let petroleum get into ground
• Burning oil gives off Carbon Dioxide
• Causes global warming
• Pollutes the air

Polluted air
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Uses of Oil

• Used for fuel in gasoline
• Oil is in fibers, rubbers, plastics
• In dyes, paints, and medicines
• Used in heating oil, fertilizers, detergents
• Also included in candles

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Interesting Facts

• Oil destroys rainforest
• 6 million tons per year enter ocean
• Spills account for 5 that enters ocean
• Production likely to increase for 3 decades
• 6.5 barrels used in U.S. per year

Barrels of oil
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Oil Refineries

• Turn oil into other products
• Use techniques such as chemical processing
• Refineries are critical to economy
• Refinery jobs are dangerous

Oil refinery
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Hydrocarbons

• Molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon
• Contain a lot of energy
• Can take on many different forms
• Come in various lengths and structures

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Water Energy

• Moving water is very powerful
• Hydroelectric power plants use water energy
• Renewable resource
• Dams produce electricity
• Water wheels produced mechanical energy
  historically

Water is a renewable resource
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Hydroelectric Power

• This is made by moving water
• Most widely used source of energy
• This energy is inexpensive
• Dose not create air pollution
• Dams have bad affects on environment
• Most suitable rivers have been dammed

Dams can have a negative effect on the
environment.
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Water History

• More like the antique version
• Big wooden wheel that turns slowly
• Creek pours down over it
• Spin slowly with lots of power
• Sometimes turn saw in sawmills
• Mechanical energy

Water wheel
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Water Turbines

• Impulse or reaction turbines
• In reaction turbines runners are underwater
• In reaction turbines runners are enclosed 
• Impulse turbines are half in water
• Pressure differences across blades create forces
• Lift forces cause runner to rotate.

Water turbines
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Process of a Hydropower Plant

• Water stored behind dam under pressure
• Has potential energy
• Flood gates open, water is released
• Water in tunnels goes to bottom
• Kinetic energy produced by moving water
• Magnet produces electricity

This is a dam.
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Sources of Water Energy

• Water energy is found in moving water
• Found most often in a flowing river
• Found in dams
• Found in underwater currents
• Ocean tides

Water energy is found in a flowing river.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Water Energy

• Advantages
• This energy is less expensive
• Water energy is renewable
• Water energy expands irrigation
• Provides hydroelectric energy
• Provides drinking water
• Produces 19 of electricity
• Disadvantages
• Might flood land areas
• Expensive to build dams
• People might have to relocate
• Older dams have to be demolished
• Population affects water power
• Have to have a suitable river

A picture of Hoover Dam and Hoover Reservoir
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Water Energy and the Environment

• Some land isnt useable above dams
• Fish trapped by dams when swimming
• Affects and sometimes destroys natural habitats
• Does not pollute air

Unusable land above dam
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Water Wave Energy

• Fixed and floating Wave energy
• Motion of waves used to drive turbine
• Generates electricity
• Tide energy systems trap high tides
• Tide drops, water behind reservoir flows
• Through a power turbine, generating electricity

Hurricane Ikes damage
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Interesting Facts about Water Energy

• Hurricane, tsunami cause damage because storm
  surge
• Testing turbines in Florida gulf stream
• Fishermen complain that it takes up space
• Turbines off Florida might kill fish

Off Florida coast
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Water Cycle

• Helps renew the water energy
• Is a process involving water
• Steps are evaporation, condensation,
  precipitation, accumulation

A picture that shows the water cycle
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Geothermal Energy

• Greek words geo (earth), therme (heat)
• Energy that comes from the earth
• Used to generate electricity
• Renewable resource
• Replenished by rainfall
• Continuously produced in the earth

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History of Geothermal Energy

• 1904 First geothermal power plant built
• 1982 Electric generating reached high of 1,000
  megawatts
• 1994 California Energy worlds largest
  geothermal company
• 1999 Californias power plants 54.9 of states
  electricity

Geothermal energy power plant
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How Geothermal Energy is Formed

• Generated in the core
• Generated 4,000 miles below the Earths surface
• Energy sometimes released through volcanoes
• Gets to surface through geysers and fumaroles
• Also through hot springs

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Where is Geothermal Energy Found

• Found deep underground in reservoirs
• Most activity in Ring of Fire
• Ring of Fire rims Pacific Ocean
• Areas where Earthquakes and Volcanoes occur
• California generates most electricity
• Most reservoirs in Alaska and Hawaii

California generates most electricity
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Advantages and Disadvantages

• Advantages
• No pollution
• Does not contribute to greenhouse effect
• Not much environmental impact
• No fuel needed
• Energy is free
• Disadvantages
• Not many places for power stations
• Rocks need to be easily drilled
• Sight may run out of steam
• Dangerous minerals can be dug up
• Difficult to dispose dangerous minerals

No fuel needed
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Environmental Impacts

• Releases gases in to atmosphere
• Water waste disposal cause water pollution
• Sitting power plants cause land damage

Sitting power plants cause land damage
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Uses of Geothermal Energy

• Heating buildings through district heating
  systems
• Hot water for bathing and showering
• Cooking
• Generating electricity

Heating buildings through district heating systems
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Interesting Facts on Geothermal Energy

• Power generated over 20 countries worldwide
• Every 328ft below ground, temperature increases
  5.4 degrees
• Facilities produce 4.5 and 7.3 cents per
  kilowatt-hour
• Renewable resource

Every 328ft below ground temp. increases 5.4
degrees
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Geothermal Power Plants

• Uses hydrothermal resources
• Require temperatures between 300 and 700 degrees
  Fahrenheit
• Hydrothermal resources used by drilling Earth
• One plant type, dry steam plant
• Another is a flash steam plant
• Last is a Binary plant

Require temperatures between 300and 700 degrees
Fahrenheit
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Geothermal Heat Pumps

• Most energy efficient
• Environmentally clean
• Becoming more popular
• Use Earths temperatures to heat, cool buildings

This energy is becoming more popular.
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Global Warming
Glaciers and mountains are slowly disappearing.

• The increase in Earths average temperature
• Average temperature increased 1.4 degrees over 28
  years
• The arctic is most effected
• By 2040 arctic may have 1st ice-free summer
• Coral reefs sensitive to change
• Glaciers and mountains slowly disappearing

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Resource page

• Websites and books
• http//www.spsu.edu/tmgt/vasa-sideris/MGNT4125/ADV
  ANTAGES_AND_DISADVANTAGES_OF_ENERGY_SOURCES.htm
• http//www.freesciencefairproject.com/physics/imag
  es/countryleft.JPG
• Science book
• http//oh.water.usgs.gov/wse/dams.gif
• http//www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/re
  newable/water.html
• http//www.greenhabitatdesign.com/Alternative20En
  ergy20Geothermal.gif
• http//www.gdrc.org/uem/energy/water-energy.html
• http//www.youbetican.com/uploads/image/Pollution1
  .jpg
• http//www.cbc.ca/news/background/oil/gfx/oil_barr
  els.jpg
• http//www.natural-environment.com/blog/2008/03/06
  /uses-of-crude-oil/
• http//courseweb.unt.edu/rhondac/spring2006/webpag
  es/Watercyclegraphic1.gif
• http//metacoustics.com.au/images/Scan19.jpg
• http//www.enex.is/lisalib/getfile.aspx?itemid272
  8
• http//granitegrok.com/pix/oil20refinery.jpg
• http//tulanepadova.pbwiki.com/f/hoover-dam-aerial
  -91_4.jpg
• http//www.roanokeslant.org/Oil20Rig.jpg
• http//www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/Buil
  dingBlocks/Hydrocarbons.jpg

http//hurricanecandice.files.wordpress.com/2008/0
2/water_turbine_3_2.jpg
http//www.energybible.com/water_energy/water_turb
ines.html
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Resource Page Continued

• http//www.treehugger.com/water-cycle-explanation-
  green-basics.jpg

http//www.volunteer.noaa.gov/images/california.gi
f
http//www.sonoransteel.com/wedco_red.jpg
http//www.treehugger.com/geothermal-power-plant-i
01.jpg
http//www.cranearts.com/images/the_crane_building
_pic.jpg
http//www.uvm.edu/inquiryb/webquest/fa05/lkenney
/earth.jpg
http//twilit.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/thermom
eter.jpg
http//geothermal.id.doe.gov/i/oldfaithful.jpg
http//www.luisprada.com/Protected/IMAGES/global_
warming1.jpg
http//www.symscape.com/files/images/Water_turbin
e.img_assist_custom.jpg
http//www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/re
newable/geothermal.html http//www.eia.doe.gov/kid
s/energyfacts/sources/renewable/geothermal.html ht
tp//www.columbia.edu/ari2102/Oil20Formation/Oil
20Formation2.html http//home.clara.net/darvill/a
ltenerg/geothermal.htmadv http//www.spsu.edu/tm
gt/vasa- sideris/MGNT4125/ADVANTAGES_AND_DISADVANT
AGES_OF_ENERGY_SOURCES.htm
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Resource Page Continued

• http//www.powerscorecard.org/tech_detail.cfm?reso
  urce_id3
• http//www.offshore-environment.com/facts.html
• http//ran.org/fileadmin/materials/education/facts
  heets/RAN_OilFacts.pdf
• http//www.our-energy.com/oil.html
• http//www.natural-environment.com/blog/2008/03/06
  /uses-of-crude-oil/
• http//science.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining3.htm
  
• http//www.maacenter.org/asbestos/workplace/oilref
  ineryworkers.php
• http//richardscanoerental.com/photos/GreerSprings
  01-400bvl.jpg
• http//www.evworld.com/images/oil_refinery.jpg
• http//whyfiles.org/100oil/images/capdiag.gif
• http//alpha.dickinson.edu/departments/envst/lucew
  ebpages/Luce20Senior20Seminar20Webpage-berns/oi
  l20history20picture.jpg
• http//www.treehugger.com/oil.pump.500.jpg
• http//bbsnews.net/bbsn_images_2005_summer/oil_pla
  tform.jpg
• http//www.volcanoinfo.co.uk/images/img4.jpg
• http//blog.wired.com/cars/images/2007/07/17/oil_r
  ig_17.jpg
• http//www.water-energy.net/images/water-energy.jp
  g http//www.rps.psu.edu/probing/g
  raphics/earth2.jpg
• http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/arch
  ive/c/c4/20071026221400!Geothermal_energy_methods.
  png